观点聚焦 | 中外学者共话“数智变革与共同富裕”
12月5日，由浙江大学金融科技研究院（AIF）、浙江大学国际联合商学院（ZIBS）、浙大城市学院数字金融研究院（IDF）主办；浙江求是创新研究院、浙江省前景大数据金融风险防控研究中心、浙江数字金融科技联合会、北京前沿金融监管科技研究院联合主办；浙江省欧美同学会政协委员会客厅和杭州市前程互联网金融研究中心协办的“数智变革与共同富裕峰会，The Forum of Digital Transformation and Common Prosperity”在杭州举行。
会上，众多国内外专家学者积极分享了自己的研究观点。为供大家回顾和学习，小编依次对各位专家学者的核心观点进行整理。
以下为自由讨论环节各嘉宾与专家的观点锦集。
Jaya Josie 前南非人文科学研究委员会（HSRC）金砖国家研究中心主任
In South Africa, we have not yet reached the same level as China and perhaps even Scotland, but there is the development of few fintech hubs that has been started. But I think what important part we are lacking is we have not yet developed the ecosystem platforms to work that through. In the meantime, a Nelson Mandela University in the Eastern Cape of South Africa is developing to take platforms, such as the central bank digital currencies to bring together to some countries for trading purposes. We are working this project together with the international Business School of Zhejiang University and some colleagues from there. And hopefully we will be able to come up with reports that we can produce to promote the specific trade and investment issues that have been lacking within the biggest countries and perhaps others. We know for a fact now that China has a pilot scheme playing with Thailand, Hong Kong and Singapore and hopefully this can spread to other countries. Africa has a program of free trade area and perhaps using digital currencies, or the central bank digital currencies may help in promoting trade within Africa on that basis. I think these are the issues we are concerning about the Africa.
在南非，虽然我们还未达到与中国甚至苏格兰相同的经济水平，但已经开始发展成为数不多的金融科技中心。我认为南非欠缺的重要部分是我们还未开发出生态系统平台来解决现存问题。
同时，南非东开普省的纳尔逊曼德拉大学正在构建一些平台，例如中央银行数字货币平台可以以商业贸易为目的将一些国家汇集起来。目前，我们正和浙江大学国际联合商学院以及那里的同事合作进行这个项目。
同时，我们希望未来的研究成果和报告可以促进国家尤其是贸易和投资缺乏的问题。众所周知，中国有一个与泰国、香港和新加坡合作的试点计划，希望这可以适用推广到其他国家。非洲有一个自由贸易区计划，也许使用数字货币或央行数字货币有助于在此基础上促进非洲内部的贸易发展。以上诸如其类的问题是我认为我们担心的关于非洲的问题。
Herbert Poenisch 浙大AIF学术委员、国际清算银行（BIS）原高级经济学家
Getting the world together even in difficult times like this, sharing ideas, this is wonderful and I’m very proud to be part of that. I listened to the Chinese part and the bank internationalization index. I congratulate you once again for this excellent report. As a former BIS employee, I’m about to announce that BIS is also publishing its index, it's called a global systemically important banks, and they have published that about two weeks ago. And I think if we share the methodology and the data, they will be even more progress on this topic of bank internationalization. And one final point. Chinese banks and that's a statistical issue. They’re very active, extending business from their branches. Resulted from the head office, but branches mainly of course, Hong Kong, Singapore, London, but in many other countries so they get a full picture of the internationalization.
我非常高兴在这个艰难时刻，我们还可以通过线上来共聚一堂，分享交流。前面的报告中关于中国还有世界上其他地区的银行国际化指数的内容给我留下了深刻印象。作为BIS的前员工，BIS也有一个指数叫做全球系统重要性银行。他们两周前刚做了相关发布。
我认为如果我们可以共享相关的方法和数据，银行业国际化这一研究课题将取得更加喜人的进展。
最后，从统计角度来看，中国的银行业充满活力，他们的国际化源于不断扩大其分支机构。由总部开始，逐步扩展到香港、新加坡、伦敦，等其他国家和地区，逐渐勾勒出国际化的全貌。
浙大城院数字金融研究院常务副院长谢文武与英国格拉斯哥大学亚当斯密商学院院长John Finch的交流
Professor John Finch shared the ecosystem of Fintech. I have one simple question: It is relatively difficult to build an excellent ecosystem of Fintech since the digital technology and the financial industry are more complex than others. We are facing many problems for every country now, for example, the governance of data in the financial industry. In this context, I was just wondering if we can find a better way for the integration of the financial industry and the digital technology especially for the governance of data and privacy data.
John Finch教授分享了金融科技的生态系统。我有一个简单的问题：由于数字技术和金融业比其他行业更为复杂，因此建立一个优秀的金融科技生态系统相对困难。现在每个国家都面临着许多问题，例如，金融行业的数据治理。在这种情况下，我想知道我们是否能找到一种更好的方式来整合金融业和数字技术，尤其是数据治理和数据保密。
John Finch
The large-scale generation and utilization of data depends on the recycling and recirculating of data, which is realized through the interaction between enterprises and start-ups and platform integration of resources. This is an issue with national and international negotiations and regulation, but it's also to do with trust. The broader concerns are that citizens themselves might feel uncomfortable about sharing their own data. Trust here is related with groups in society, who themselves may feel suspicious or maybe vulnerable or maybe some combination of both. So, this is really strong concerns here again. I think the extreme cases possibly come around medical technology which is probably even harder than financial technology to come up with these solutions. Universities or research organizations have their own integrity for data sharing, which will constrain strong conditions when we use data for research. People can easily look for indictment from Adam Smith where we need a very practical solution to this. In the end, I can only see international standards and it's a real struggle at the moment to get that standard entrust. So, we need to work together against trust issues with financial technology.
数据大规模增长利用取决于数据的循环使用，这一循环通过企业间的互动，及其构建的整合平台实现。这是一个重要的因素，和国际谈判和监管相关，也与信任有关。公民可能会对共享自己的数据感到不安。这里的信任因素与社会群体有关，这些群体本身可能会多疑，或者非常脆弱，又或者两者兼而有之。
因此，我再次强调这是一个非常严重的问题。我想一些极端情况可能来自医疗领域，医疗科技可能比金融科技更难想出该问题的解决方案。大学或者研究机构对于数据分享有自己的原则，当我们进行课题研究时会在一定程度上受到限制。根据亚当的理论我们可以推测这会让用户不信任，所以我们需要一个非常实际的解决方案，最终只有建立国际标准和团结起来才能很好地解决金融科技中的信任问题。
浙江大学经济学院骆兴国教授与澳门大学副校长许敬文的交流
Compared with Hong Kong, what is Macao’s unique role in the Greater Bay Area?
同香港相比，澳门在大湾区发挥的独特作用是什么？
Currently, Macao’s economy exclusively relies on the tourism industry. I think the government and people in Macao have been kind of very complacent with the economic situation of Macau simply relying on the gaming industry. They think the gaming industry is good enough to support the development of the whole region. However, the pandemic brought a huge shock to Macao’s tourism industry as well as gaming and hospitality industries. During the pandemic, Macao’s DGP dropped by around 50%. Compared with Macao, Hong Kong has diversified economy driven by finance, logistic and many other industries. Its GDP only fell by about 10% during the pandemic. I think that Macao learnt a lesson from this and now the Macao government is eager to diversify its economy. Also, this idea is supported by the Chinese central government and related development polices. For instance, the University of Macau has a campus on the Hengqin island, only a small place on the island. But, around two months ago, the central government announced that UM’s Hengqin campus and the Hengqin Port would be management by the Macau government. In the future, the cooperation zone will focus on new industries such as modern finance, high-tech manufacturing, and Chinese medicine. In order to meet the changing needs of fast-developing Macao, the Macao government has changed related polices accordingly. Meanwhile, it also realized the importance of talents. Macao will attract more overseas as well as talents from the mainland to contribute to the moderate diversification of Macao’s economy.
澳门目前经济发展还是主要依赖于旅游行业，并且澳门特区政府、居民都一直引以为豪，觉得仅仅依靠博彩业就可以支撑整个地区的发展。但此次疫情给澳门的旅游业包括博彩、医疗带来了巨大的冲击。在疫情期间，澳门的GDP下降了50%左右。相较于澳门比较单一的经济发展驱动，香港的经济发展则是多元的，包括金融、物流等其他众多行业，因此在疫情期间香港的GDP只有10%左右的下降。
通过这次疫情，澳门特区政府意识到了经济多元发展的重要性，并且这一迫切需求获得了中央政府及相关发展政策的支持。例如，澳门大学的横琴校区之前只是占了横琴岛非常小的一个面积，但2个月前，为了进步加深粤澳合作，中央政府将澳门大学琴岛校区、横琴口岸澳门管理区划归澳门特区政府管理，并将引进有利于澳门经济适度多元发展的产业包括现代金融、高新科技、制药等。
为了澳门的快速发展，特区政府将不仅从政策上做出调整，同时他们也意识到了经济多元发展离不开人才。特区政府希望吸引更多的海外、大陆人才赴澳工作，推进澳门的经济适度多元发展。
往期荐往期荐阅
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编辑 | 倪晨琪
审核 | 沈莉
责编 | 程琦喻、耿雨萱、许彦成、耿新