张斌 | 致正建筑工作室西岸临时办公室
“建筑的结构体并非一种对象化的存在，而是消融在包裹身体的具体空间之中。” 致正建筑工作室西岸临时办公室以这样的空间布局在保持日常性尺度的同时，又启发身体的自由感。在相对统一的色调中，轻钢系统的工业化精细肌理与砖混系统的手工感粗野肌理的并置形成一种温暖明亮、柔和细腻的空间氛围，呈现出一种不完美中的自在状态。
“The structure system of architecture is part of the space that accommodates our activities rather than an isolated existence.” Apart from housing daily routines, the temporary office building of Atelier Z+ at West Bund, Shanghai, is designed to inspire people to free their body and mind. The lightweight steel system with industrial fine texture and brick structure with raw manual texture, coexisting and colliding with each other, contribute to a cozy, bright, gentle and delicate atmosphere, prompting spontaneity in the context of imperfections.
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↓ 临时性语境下建造与空间品质的最大化
Maximizing quality of space in temporary context
Night view outside the office
►项目背景
Background
位于上海徐汇滨江地区的西岸文化艺术示范区紧邻西岸艺术中心主场馆，是利用城市土地再开发的闲置窗口期建设的一个为期五年的城市空间临时填充项目，并邀请了多家建筑、设计和艺术机构入驻。
Located in the southwest waterfront area of Shanghai and adjacent to the West Bund Art Center, the West Bund Culture & Art Pilot Zone is a temporary urban infill project, in which multiple architects, design and art institutes are invited to set up their offices, studios and galleries over the next five years.
Site location
致正建筑工作室的新办公楼就位于这一临时艺术园区的中心位置，场地原为一片停车场，分布有六株大小不同的树木。面对项目的特殊要求，我们在设计中的思考集中体现在如何在临时性的语境下达成建造与空间品质的最大化。
The new office building of Atelier Z+ stands at the center of the site, which was originally a parking lot with six existing trees. Our main effort is to maximize the quality of space by utilizing the uniqueness of the site.
Exterior space
首先，是如何选择合适的建造体系，以期在控制造价和工期的前提下达成空间使用的最大舒适性与便利性成为了设计之初的关键考量。同时，如何在空间布局上充分回应场地的特性和潜力，以营造有启发性和自由感的空间氛围，也是这个项目的基本诉求。所有这些，都在试图体现一种不完美中的自在状态。
With the priority of selecting the most site-specific structure system, we aimed to make it as comfortable and convenient as possible to use the space with limited budget and timeframe right from the start. Another basic requirement is to spacially respond to the features and potential of the site as a way of creating an inspiring atmosphere that weakens the sense of restriction. All this is aimed at prompting spontaneity in the context of imperfections.
Site plan
►原方案设计
Original Design
在整体布局上，本项目经历了一个比较大的调整过程。根据原来总体规划的地块划分的面宽和进深条件，以及基地上的树木分布。原方案是一个L型布局的两层建筑，其东南、东北、西北三个角分别被大树所限定，西南向是一个庭院；建筑底层是接待、展示、会议、模型制作等空间，二层是办公空间。
There have been rounds of adjustment of the overall layout. The original concept was an “L”-shaped two-story building, confined by big trees in its three corners, with a courtyard on the southwest end. The ground floor was mainly for reception, exhibition, conference and model-making, while the second floor houses offices.
Isometric drawing of the original design
后来由于要在原有场地上多安排一个工作室，经与规划方协商，我们向南扩大了场地进深，并缩减了场地面宽，留出西侧一长条地容纳新的邻居。由此，最终的实施方案是一个U型布局的合院建筑，与西侧邻居一起围合了一个植有两株大树的内庭院；东南角由于一株大柳树的存在，建筑内凹形成了一个开放的入口前庭；西北角是与邻居共用的封闭后庭。这三个对角线方向布置的庭院都与场地上原有的树木相关，使建筑牢牢地锚固在场地上。
Due to the change of the program to add one more studio, after consulting with the planner, we decided to expand the depth of the site to the south while reducing the length so that there would be an area available on the west side to accommodate the new neighbor. Thus the final scheme is a “U”- shaped complex which, along with its neighbor on the west side, forms a courtyard with two giant trees. A matured willow tree on the southeast end of the site defines the concaved entrance vestibule. An enclosed backyard shared with the neighbor sits on the northwest end. The existing trees play an important role in the layout of the courtyards.
Isometric drawing of the final scheme
►最终方案设计
Final Scheme
新的布局方式使空间和体量的尺度更宜人，整个建筑除了北翼两层高以外，东翼和南翼都只有一层高，同时每一部分的进深都有所减小。连接南北两翼的东翼的主体空间是一个兼作展厅用的入口门厅，同时还布置有行政接待、储藏、茶水和卫生间等辅助用房。南翼是一间完整的带有天窗的设计团队的大工作室。北翼的底层是会议和模型制作、储存空间，东北角有一部楼梯引向二层。二层由东到西分为线性排列的三部分：东侧是一个整合了楼梯间、阳台和卫生间的全部由聚碳酸酯阳光板包裹的温室暖房，布置各种盆栽植物，如同一个微型花园；中间是主持建筑师的书房，以落地玻璃面对暖房；西侧尽端是一间茶室，与书房以透空书架相隔。
The new layout, with a two-story volume on the north side, and one-story space on the east and south ends, makes the space more pleasant in scale. The main lobby-cum-exhibit hall is located on the east wing, with supporting facilities for reception, storage, break room, restroom, etc. On the south wing is a spacious studio with skylights designed to accommodate the whole design team. The ground floor of the north wing functions as meeting, model-making and storage room, with a staircase in the northeast corner leading to the first floor. On the east side of the first floor stands a mini-garden-like greenhouse made of polycarbonate panels decorated with pot plants, incorporating staircases, balcony and restroom. Occupying the remaining area, the principal's retreat area opposite to the greenhouse is composed of two spaces separated by translucent bookshelves-one private office, one tea house.
Ground-floor plan
First-floor plan
在最初方案中，我们就将混合建造体系作为回应设计条件的最佳选择，其基本思路是：作为接待、展示、会议、模型制作等辅助功能使用的底层部分用砖混结构建造，直至二层窗台高度，以此形成一个砖混结构的基座平台；二层作为设计工作室使用的主体空间使用龙骨状的轻质结构建造。
At the initial stage, we chose to mix different structures to achieve our goal. The is applied to build the ground floor for auxiliary purposes, right up to the sill of the first-floor windows, serving as a foundation for the lightweight keeled steel structure of the first floor which houses the studios.
这样的混合体系具备如下优点：首先，底层的砖混结构和上部的轻质结构可以发挥各自在建造上的长处，减低整体的建造难度，以利快速建造；其二，这种二元并置的结构体系也可以对各自所属的空间特性做出有针对性的回应，特别是办公部分，龙骨状的轻质结构可以把结构构件的尺度控制得最小，让结构参与空间的尺度塑造，进而让空间能够包裹住其中的身体，让身体沉浸其中。
The advantages are obvious. First, the hybrid structure shortens project duration and makes it easier to construct. Second, different structures respond to varied programs accordingly. Office spaces, in particular, are beneficial from such lightweight steel structure which minimizes structural components in size and allows visitors to immerse themselves in the space.
Section
砖混/轻钢的混合结构自然而然地带来了材料上的直接并置。轻钢部分（除暖房之外）的复合外墙与屋顶的面板都是银灰本色的波形镀铝锌板，出檐部分用特殊的构造处理保证了端部的波形单板效果；外墙与屋面的内表面分别是石膏板衬板和瓦楞钢板底板，都施以白色涂料。而砖混部分的砖墙、圈梁与构造柱的粗犷痕迹在室内外表面全部最大限度地加以保留，并用室内外不同工艺的罩面涂层全部施以白色。在相对统一的色调中，轻钢系统的工业化精细肌理与砖混系统的手工感粗野肌理的并置在室内外都可以被清晰地阅读，这种空间界面的双调性重奏有利于自然、轻松的空间氛围的塑造。
Masonry and steel hybrid structures bring direct contact of the materials. The exterior walls and rooftop panels of the lightweight steel sections (except for greenhouse) are composed of silver gray aluminium-zinc galvanized corrugated steel sheet. The eaves are specially processed to enhance the thin waving effect. The exterior wall and the inside surface of the roof are made of white painted plastered lining board and corrugated metal panels. In addition, the rough textures on brick walls, columns and beams are well retained, coated with different shades of white paints. The lightweight steel system with industrial fine textures and brick structure with raw manual texture, coexisting and colliding with each other, contribute to a natural and relaxed atmosphere.
Section perspective of the meeting and retreat room
Rendering of the meeting room
Rendering of the retreat room
时间性的介入在二层书房表现为通体半透明的暖房空间在一端的并置，创造了一个朦胧的室内过渡空间，它可以在内部捕捉时间的微妙变化，形成了由书房面向暖房的沉思静观之势。
Section perspective of the main studio
Rendering of the main studio
大工作室屋脊处在中柱斜撑范围内开了一条天窗采光带，配合南北两侧檐下的压低长窗，与室内的座椅布置和西山墙的整墙书架相呼应，形成了一种温暖明亮、柔和细腻的空间氛围，在让人静心工作的同时，阴晴雨雪的天候变化在室内会留下光影与声音的痕迹。
The skylight across the ridge of the open working area braced by steel columns, along with low windows below the eaves on the north and south side, which echoes with indoor seating and bookshelves, creates a cozy, bright, gentle and delicate atmosphere and brings natural lights, shadows and sounds to the interior as the staff immerse themselves in their work.
Section perspective of the greenhouse
Rendering of the greenhouse
在这样的砖混/轻钢混合体系中，坡屋顶成为从方案最初就坚持的不二选择。除了技术上的防水可靠性与便利性之外，坡屋顶在空间尺度控制上的潜力也是关键因素。我们檐口侧都将高度压得较低，而跨中的高起也不至于突兀。
In terms of roofing system, sloped roof becomes our first choice, which provides excellent waterproofing, technical convenience and reliability. Sloped roof also adds something more humane to the building. The ridges are designed to have a proper “conversation” with low eaves.
Section perspective of the entrance exhibition hall
Rendering of the entrance exhibition hall
展厅面向庭院的透明界面让展厅的室内空间接近于连接南北两翼的半室外廊下空间，将整个庭院纳入它的可感知范围。
The translucent exhibition hall opposite to the courtyard blurs the line between its interior and the semi-outdoor space which connects the south and north wing, enabling visitors to see whatever is happening in the courtyard.
暴露纤细梁架与瓦楞钢板衬底不做吊顶的白色天棚在抽象中提供了一种具体的肌理作为尺度参照。连同所有长窗背后露明的细柱，这些构件在空间中都具有一种含糊的暧昧性，它们既相对清晰地呈现为建造方式的物质线索，又与书架、办公桌、灯具、室内植物等家具陈设尺度的物件一起参与了空间与身体的关联性的塑造。由此，建筑的结构体并非一种对象化的存在，而是消融在包裹身体的具体空间之中。这样的空间在保持日常性尺度的同时，又启发了身体的自由感。
The exposed slender beams with uncovered corrugated steel panels, and slim columns behind the windows provide a scale reference to the space. All these elements are small enough to appear obscure and to blend in with such furniture as bookshelves, desks, lamps, indoor plants, building connections between space and our bodies. In this sense, the structure system of architecture is part of the space that accommodates our activities rather than an isolated existence. Therefore, apart from housing daily routines, such space is designed to inspire people to free their body and mind.
►工作室实景欣赏
Display of Actual Pictures
The entrance
The entrance exhibition hall
The courtyard
Model display
The meeting room
The tea house