朱竞翔 | 阳光童趣园
“你曾见识过多少世间耀眼的美好，也比不上亲手创造的改变，人生不应只为自己而活，为他人带来的美好，即便微薄，也要坚持。”
—苏芒，芭莎公益慈善基金创办人
All the glories that one has witnessed could not compare with those changes created by himself after all. Instead of living for himself, one should keep doing good things for others, even if it is sometimes trivial.
—SU Mang, Founder of Bazaar Charity Fund
『“Eyes on Me夺目”旨在发掘蕴含创新的设计思维和实践。
更多“微评论”，请阅读下文。』
在中国西部遥远的12个省份中处于行政管理体系最末梢的乡村地区，劳动力流失逐日增加，大批量的物资力量支持并不符合现实。
In the most underprivileged countryside of China's 12 far west provinces, the outflow of labour force grows day by day and material support in large quantities seems unrealistic.
而伴随着城市化浪潮，这些偏远乡村的教育资源与城市之间也存在巨大的落差。数以千计的儿童因缺乏资源而不能享受到和同龄人同等水平的教育，他们欠缺教育设施，也没有足够的师资力量。
With the wave of urbanization, there is a huge gap in educational resources between cities and those villages in the most remote regions. Thousands of children have been denied the access to education that their urban peers enjoy due to a severe lack of educational facilities and teachers.
那么，身处那里的孩童与家长是否只能在被迫迁出或者被遗忘中做出选择？作为一个建筑设计师，又如何通过有限的介入来为缩小这一鸿沟做出贡献？
Do those children and their parents have to make a choice between moving out of their homeland and being forgotten by the outside world? In what way could an architect intervene and contribute his due part to bridge this gap?
“倘若拿走了玩具与教具，一个空间还能够吸引孩童吗？” 香港中文大学朱竞翔教授在设计之初提出的这个问题带来了一种全新的可能。
“If the toys and teaching kits are taken away, is a classroom still able to attract the kids to stay?” This sharp question raised by architect and professor Zhu Jingxiang from the Chinese University of Hong Kong inspires the new scheme titled “Checkered Playroom”.
童趣园自重很轻，配以可调节的基础，减少建筑对土壤的破坏。在地基的处理中，不仅不需要深挖和平整的工作，而且还可以根据需要将建筑进行升降，进一步增加建筑的灵活性。假设建筑整体拆走，土地仍能很快地恢复、另做他用。
The building’s lightweight nature and the adjustable foundation help reduce its impact on the environment. The construction of the foundation doesn’t involve deep excavation and flattening of the surface and it allows us to adjust the height of the building, adding to its flexibility. If the entire structure is to be removed, the plot will soon be restored to its former state and repurposed.
由于搭建方法的简便，使得房屋可以根据需要进行整体搬迁。设计充分发挥轻型预制结构系统的优势，所有构件均可回收利用。悬浮于地上的基础处理、易于由木工作坊进行的加工、组装家具般的安装方式以及结合培训的搭建，帮助地方工匠与基金会员工在离开设计团队指导后，仍能维护、移动、重置幼教室，或者继续使用其中的组件与材料。
This convenient approach allows removal of the entire structure whose components are recyclable – another advantage of pre-fabricated structures. The galvanized steel foundation elevates the building above the freezing ground. The material is manufactured by an emerging factory and the knowhow can be transferred to a near-site carpentry workshop. The assembly is as convenient as that of a piece of furniture. As a result, it is easy for local workers and the staff of the Bazaar Charity Fund to maintain, relocate and reassemble the structure on their own.
由于设计精准，使这建筑物得以在2-3天内完成组装，不仅当地社区可以参与建筑的组装，儿童也可以在很短的时间内见证、甚至参与“阳光童趣园”搭建的过程，这种群众参与在可以提升乡村和社区的凝聚力，也让校园的师生更加懂得爱惜和维护他们的“童趣园”。
The building eventually took shape in just two or three days due to the elaborate scheme, engaging the local community into the assembly process and allowing the kids to witness the process. The involvement of villagers living nearby has helped boost the cohesion of the community and enabled the students and teachers to better maintain their playroom.
原型的基本设计具备适应变化的基因，因气候、场地、习俗的差异性提供不同的服务。在寒冷地区采用结构保温板材用以提升热物理性能，在炎热地区则通过对望的门扇以促进空气的流通。结构保温板材用以提升寒冷地区房屋的热物理性能，轻薄墙身由于凹凸获得了强烈的稳重感。屋頂通常采用当地的粘土烧制瓦材来建造，以融入乡村肌理。对望的门扇及小开口控制空气的流通。自然的光线运动和四邻风景一起，使得简约的室内充满生机。
The generic design of the prototype can be adapted to various weather conditions, contexts and customs. Structure Insulation Panel (SIP) is used to enhance thermal performance for a cold climate and opposite doors are applied to generous ventilation for a hot climate. The thin walls with concaves give the impression of steadiness. The roofing material made of locally manufactured clay tiles fits into the rural context. Opposite doors and small openings help adjust ventilation. Natural lighting shift complements the surrounding scenery to make the minimalistic interior full of vitality.
由于乡村持续受到潜在人口迁徙的影响，童趣园还被设计成为易于搬迁与改变的形态。建筑构件的生产在一间工厂里完成，而拆装、打包、运输、卸货的过程都在设计师的工作范围之内，精密的计算和反复地推敲，才能保证最合理的生产安装流程。
In response to the potential mass migration in the region, the building features a structure that is easy to relocate and reshape. After the basic units are fabricated in one of the local factories, the project team tends to undertake the disassembly, packing, transfer and unloading of them. Only precision calculation and examination could ensure a highly reasonable manufacturing and assembly procedure.
对于缺乏充足的师资和教学硬件，甚至家长也长期不在身边的学龄儿童来说，一个有趣的空间就显得更为珍贵。童趣园釆用方格形状的基本单元，有如米斗般的凹凸空间高低错落，这将户外的儿童游戏引入室内。它还给孩子探索的自由，也鼓励教师及家长参与发掘教学组织的种种可能。
An amusing space is precious especially for those kids who are denied the access to sufficient educational resources and see their parents only once or twice in a year. The building is composed of concave and convex units that are similar to the traditional Chinese tool for measuring grain - “Dou”. The openings on all facades and the floor not only encourage the children to explore the interior space but also inspire teachers, parents and volunteers to expand the potential for pre-school teaching programs.
格子有高低凹凸，能够变化出无穷的游戏，可重组的地板组件鼓励儿童重塑大地表面的“建筑”或者“风景”。当组件翻转使用时，地形会变得平坦，“沟壑”之上也可以形成桥梁。在幼儿逐步学会使用身体，将自身与外部世界结合的空间敏感期，他们喜欢高低差別，乐于探索内外。
A space with deep concaves may generate numerous games inside it and the movable floor components encourage the kids to reshape the “architecture” or “landscape” above the ground. When the components are flipped, the “terrain” is less rugged and “bridges” can take shape above the gaps. When they have just learned how to use their own body, the kids prefer such spacial pattern and take delight in exploring their inner world and the outside.
童趣园的设计是独特的，作为一座建筑，它为使用者带来特别的体验；同时，它还挑战我们传统的建筑生产方式。这些预制的小房子从工厂里的流水线来到各个乡村学校，为各地的小朋友和他们的社区带来惊喜。建筑师终于可以通过一个单纯的设计，在多个地理空间产生影响。目前，在中国甘肃、新疆、重庆、四川、贵州、云南、山东等地已经建成了46座童趣园。
The scheme’s peculiarity lies in the fact that it has delivered special experiences for its users, and in the meantime raised questions about the conventional approach to architectural manufacturing. These pre-fabricated little houses have settled in dozens of rural schools, breathing new life into the local communities. Eventually the architect is able to make a profound impact on a wide range of geographical areas through a simple scheme. Up till now 46 checkered playrooms have been completed in such provinces as Gansu, Xinjiang, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Shandong.
此外，除了为乡村幼儿园服务之外，这一童趣园还可以产生许多变体，并且通过材料、构造方式的改变适应多种不同气候。这些变体已经在上海、深圳、香港、北京甚至威尼斯等地建成，并已经多次实现拆装重建。
Apart from serving the preschool education cause, the Checkered Playroom has a series of “variations”, which are designed to adapt to different climates through modifications on the material and structure. These variations have materialized in places like Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, Beijing and during the Venice Biennale and undergone reassembly on multiple occasions.
“这里非常好玩，还有很多玩具。以前这里什么都没有！”
—乐乐 ，当地8岁儿童
“I have a lot of fun here. There are so many new toys now, totally unlike before!”
—Lele, a local 8-year-old
—来超，西部阳光慈善基金会总监
“I have witnessed the various moments of the Checkered Playroom project: from the start of assembly to the moment when the kids refused to leave the playroom after playing games inside it all day long. The playroom is a vivid illustration of “education and company through arrangement of space”. It inspires these left-behind children to play and learn on their own and keep one another company, which is beneficial to the development of their language, social and fine motor skills. Such a playroom satisfies the kids’ curiosity as well as mine. There’s a whole lot of things to discover here. ”
—LAI Chao, Director of Western Sunshine Fund
“轻型建筑具有众多优越性—保温、节能、抗震，也越来越受到大家关注。完成了甘肃项目后工厂员工士气大增。期望未来轻型房屋可以大力发展。”
—蔡春明，制造工厂主任
“Lightweight architecture that boasts better insulation, energy-saving performance and earthquake resistance is increasingly drawing attention from the public. The workers at our plant have been greatly encouraged after completing the Checkered Playroom series projects in Gansu Province. It’s my hope that buildings like this will spring up in the rest parts of our nation.”
—CAI Chunming, head of the manufacturing plant
“阳光童趣园给予了我们物质上的支持以及精神上的鼓励！当看到孩子们在童趣园中快乐的学习和嬉戏时，家长和老师感激万分！”
—李进，会宁县殿坪小学校长
“The Checkered Playroom is a boost to both our material conditions and our spiritual world. The parents and teachers feel so grateful seeing the kids study and play games in it.”
—LI Jin, Principal of Dianping Primary School, Huining County
“在一年时间中，设计经历了从原型、优化、量产以及形成产品线的过程。设计不再限于空间生成与客户的要求，从策划到检测，从组织到运营，产品成熟的全链条都得到了建筑设计方的协调与影响。这一项目呈现了如何以有限资源获得多重效益的设计理想。”
—韩国日，香港元远建筑设计师
“In the space of just one year, the scheme evolved from prototyping, optimization, mass production to the formation of a production line. Our work is no longer restrained by requirements of space generation and the client. The architecture design team has also got involved in the whole process, from planning to testing, from organization to operation. This project is a good example of generating huge benefits with limited resources.”
—Han Guori, Architect from Unitinno
Architectural Technology Development Company.
建筑师: 朱竞翔
项目团队: 吴程辉、刘清峰、黄正骊
设计团队: 何英杰、韩国日、Tibor Franek、南天、顾田、刘鑫程
制造团队: 蔡勇、蔡春明、兰生成、沈永新、王旭、赵开明
设计机构: 香港中文大学建筑学院、香港元远建筑科技发展有限公司
出品机构: 深圳元远建筑科技发展有限公司
制造机构: 西平嘉合集成模块房屋有限公司
Architect: Zhu Jingxiang
Project team: Wu Chenghui, Liu Qingfeng, Huang Zhengli
Design team: He Yingjie, Han Guori, Tibor Franek, Nan Tian, Gu Tian, Lau Hingching
Fabrication team: Cai Yong, Cai Chunming, Lan Shengcheng, ShenYongxin, Wang Xu, Zhao Kaiming
Design Organization: School of Architectur, CUHK, Unitinno Architectural Technology Development Company Limited
Production Company: Shenzhen Unitinno Architecture Science&Technology Development Company Limited
Fabrication Company: Xiping Jiahe Integrated Modular House Company Limited
此文所有内容均由YoungBirds编辑部原创，
图片素材来自香港元远建筑科技发展有限公司。
YoungBirds Editorial Department holds the copyright to the above content except for the images courtesy of Unitinno Architectural Technology Development Company Limited.
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