CHIASMUS|时间的形态

“是先有鸡，还是先有蛋？”

——《时间简史》，斯蒂芬·霍金

"Which came first, the chicken or the egg?"

A Brief History of Time, Stephen Hawking

流动和灵活的空间需求，数字媒体行业对于办公空间的高效率和专业性要求，建筑形象的象征性和地标性，基地环境的复杂性与矛盾性。当四种相互制衡的设计需求同时出现在一个场地中，设计应该如何选择出发点？哪一种需求应该最优先考虑？最终的建筑将如何回应这些严苛但合理的条件？

There are four design requirements counterbalancing each other in the same site, viz. the demands of fluid and flexible spaces, efficient and professional office spaces in digital media industry, iconic building images, and the need to consider the complicated and contradictory conditions of site. In this context, how can we choose the starting point of design? Which one of the requirements should be a top priority? How does final scheme respond to these strict but reasonable terms?

（灵活的空间需求）在柏林国家美术馆项目中，空间的需求被无限大的满足了。密斯通过玻璃墙和开放的平面创造出了一个漂浮屋顶下轻松游离于建筑内外之间的空间。这意味着空间可以灵活地根据内部活动进行分割。

Demand of flexible spaces: the spatial needs of Neue National Gallery in Berlin are satisfied to the largest extent. Mies created a place between the internal and the external under a floating roof via glass wall and open platform. Spaces can be divided into different segments according to activities.

伊东丰雄的仙台媒体中心通过结构释放了空间，将空间与功能高效地结合了起来。

Sendai Mediatheque, designed by Toyo Ito, combines open spaces and functions efficiently.

在蓬皮杜项目之后，罗杰斯的劳埃德保险公司总部沿袭了高技派的“星球大战”风格。

Following Centre Pompidou, Rogers designed Lloyd's Building with a high-tech style of Star Wars.

I-Tower项目基地现状中复杂的场地和城市空间条件。

Complex conditions of I-Tower’s site and urban spaces.

在首尔，距离繁华的江南区仅仅数个街区之外，同样存在着如上所述的交界区域。I-Tower项目基地便坐落于此。项目北边是一个树木茂盛的公园而南部朝向街区式的中低层建筑群。项目空间弹性不高，办公空间的灵活性与舒适度需要得到保障的同时，设计需要考虑项目本身对北侧公共空间的影响。设计者必须面临形式与功能之间可能产生的矛盾。

In Seoul, several blocks away from bustling Gangnam District, there is a similar junctional area where I-Tower is located in. To the north of this project, a park with luxuriant woods lies; to the south, a block-style low-rise building group sits. The spaces in the project are lack of flexibility.Designers have to tackle with potential conflicts between form and function, and the project’s influence on its northern public spaces. Meanwhile a pliable and comfortable office place should be guaranteed.

在办公项目设计过程中，设计团队要面临的最重要的条件并非来自于外部空间。办公空间所追求的效率和实用性才是最根本的需求。首要问题便来自于平面：在建筑的高层部分根据当地规范要求形成建筑退台之后，设计团队首先通过连接退台的定位点，建筑北立面化零为整，被塑造成为雕塑感极强的固态立面。通过对退台尺寸在平面上进行调整，在保持退距满足要求和建筑北立面整体性的同时保证了各层平面的规则。

When designing office spaces, the most important factor confronting design team does not come from the external. The top priority is to create efficient and practical office spaces. And then comes the primary challenge, the team creates backward terraces in accordance with local standards, and a sculptured and solid façade in the north of building by connecting theses terraces. They adjust the scale of terrace to satisfy the demand of distance, the integrity of façade, and the rules of each floor.

北侧立面通过连接日照退距点，形成连续的实体立面，避免了形式上与周边退台建筑的重复。

By connecting backward terraces, the northern façade looks consecutive, and is different from surrounding buildings.

I-Tower项目空间体量解析渲染模型

Rendered model of I-Tower

经过精细的设计调整，倾斜的外立面内部的平面竟然是完全呈矩形。结构混凝土的外墙也起到了曲梁的作用。每层平面完全开放，中间只有一个立柱。作为一栋没有公共走廊的商业建筑，内部的使用率远高于90％。在这个建筑里，雕塑感的外形和高效率的室内空间奇迹一般得共存。

Meticulous design modification has gone into creating slanted facades and rectangular internal floors. The wall made by structural concrete functions as curved beam. Every storey features one upright, and is completely open. As a commercial building with no public corridor, the utilization rate of its interior is more than 90%. This building boasts both sculptured exterior and efficient interior at the same time. 

公共餐厅位于地面层，地面层以上是6层层高4.5米的开放办公空间。

Public restaurant is located at the ground floor; above it, there are six-floor open office spaces with a height of 4.5 meters per storey. 

建筑的核心筒空间内包含休息区，电梯，楼梯，洗手间，储藏室和电脑服务机房。通过将辅助功能空间压缩进入核心筒，核心桶内的层高可降低至3米。因此，两层办公空间于三层核心筒空间相对应，使空间得到充分利用，建筑的容积率达到最高。整个工作楼层包含200个工作站，8个会议室和6个行政办公室，没有浪费的走廊区域或隐藏在假天花板上方的剩余空间。

Its core tube contains rest area, elevator, stairs, washroom, storage room, and computer room. These supporting spaces are compressed into the 3-meter tube. This arrangement takes full advantage of the whole spaces, reaching the highest plot ratio of building.The entire office places consist of 200 workrooms, 8 meeting rooms, and 6 administrative offices, with no inefficient corridors or surplus spaces hidden above false ceiling. 

I-Tower在地下一层设有停车场，在地下二层设有一个300座位的多功能剧院，并带单独的入口。

I-Tower’s Basement level 1 contains a parking garage, and B2 has a 300-seater multifunctional theater with an independent entrance.

位于I-Tower西侧的主出入口

Main entrance and exit in the west of I-Tower

北立面角落的车库出入口

Garage’s entrance and exit in the northern corner of facade

在满足功能需求的同时，公共空间和城市需求也被纳入了设计分析之中，而这将对建筑立面的设计起到决定性的作用。城市中的每一座建筑都身处于复杂的文脉网络之中：车道走向，景观密度，人流集散……这样的信息叠加产生了无穷无尽的冗余信息。信息过剩的情况下，必然出现互不相关甚至相互矛盾的限制条件。那么，当一座建筑身处城市绿地公园与普通街区之间的交界处，什么样的存在形式才是合理的？它应该呈现出怎样的面貌？它应该对城市和身处其中的居民诉说些什么？

The façade design should meet the needs of function, public spaces and city. Every building in the city lies in a complicated context. A mass of superfluous information, such as lanes, landscape density, and flow distribution, pile up and lead to unrelated and even contradictory limitations. For a building located at the boundary area between urban park and ordinary street, what kind of form is reasonable? What image should be created? What does it need to communicate to the city and citizens?

在穆尔西亚市政厅项目中，RafaelMoneo通过自由独特的立面形式响应城市公共空间关系

In respond to the relationships with urban public spaces, Rafael Moneo created free and unique façade in the project of Murcia Town Hall 

在ArtA项目当中，BIG通过对形体的扭转改善空间界面关系，将建筑的公共空间和城市公共空间进行了巧妙的衔接

BIG twisted the volume of ArtA to improve spatial interface relations, and artfully connect the public spaces of building and city.

建筑采取的姿态将决定它是否能同时与公园和城市建筑街区产生合理而舒适的关系。而周边的中低层建筑大多遵循规范需求进行退台处理，那么在限制条件下，看似已不存在其他答案。

The building volume will determine whether or not there is reasonable and comfortable relationship between park and street. Most of neighbouring mid-rise and low-rise buildings comply with regulations to create backward terraces, seemingly limiting the diversity of structures.

I-Tower项目基地北侧南侧的城市环境截然不同，城市与城市绿化的边缘应该怎样得到合理的处理？

The northern environment of I-Tower is entirely different from the southern part. What kind of solution is reasonable for the city and the landscape?

答案不止于此。

首先，结合最初提到的功能需求：矩形平面，通过连接退台的定位点，建筑北立面化零为整被塑造成为雕塑感极强的固态立面。形态鲜明、体量明确的北立面开窗较少，相对于公共空间保持了低调神秘的状态，与北侧的公园产生了静态的稳定关系，尊重了北侧公园城市公共生活的属性。同时也保护了建筑内靠北侧立面的主机房和工作站的安全，避免了阳光直射对机房温度造成的影响。

There are more possibilities.

In order to satisfy the functional demands mentioned above, the design team creates rectangular flats, and connects the points of backward terraces to carve integrated, sculptured and solid facades. This building maintains a low-key and secret image by opening fewer windows in the north, developing  steady relationships with the park, and respecting the urban public life there. Meanwhile, main computer rooms and workrooms are shielded against direct sunlight and the consequent impact on temperature.

从北侧公园方向鸟瞰建筑北立面

Aerial view of the northern façade from the park

同时，面对城市街区的南侧立面则以城市立面的方式进行处理。结合采光需求和城市立面的特点，南立面以玻璃幕墙形式呈现。日间提供采光，而夜间则呈现出城市灯笼的形象。南北立面之间形成了鲜明的对比。这对比看似割裂，却深深根植于城市文脉之中，不可撼动。

And in the meantime, the southern façade employs urban style by combining the demands of lighting and the features of city, presenting itself as glass wall. In the daytime sunlight floods into the spaces, and at night, the lights in the room illuminate the city. This façade is in stark contrast to its northern counterpart. It is an inevitable difference in respond to the local context.

南侧立面与北侧立面的处理形式完全相反，呈现出极度透明的城市属性

The southern façade with transparent urban features is entirely different from the northern

北侧立面在夜晚呈现出灯笼般的形象

An image of lantern

“到德斯皮那（Despina）去有两条途径：乘船或是骑骆驼。这座城市呈现给从陆路和海路而来的人不同的风貌……每个城市都从她面对的荒漠获得自己的形状。于是，赶骆驼的人和水手所看到的，就是这样处在沙的荒漠与水的荒漠之间的德斯皮那。”

Despina can be reached in twoways: by ship or by camel. The city displays one face to the traveler arriving overland and a different one to him who arrives by sea…Each city receives its form from the desert it opposes; and so the camel driver and the sailor see Despina, a border city between two deserts.

——城市与欲望之三，《看不见的城市》，伊塔洛·卡尔维诺

Italo Calvino, Invisible Cities

回应矛盾的其中一种巧妙方式，即是尊重矛盾本身。很多时候矛盾不需要被解决，它存在的意义大于它被合理缓解的意义。I-TOWER以分裂自身的姿态尊重了场地本身存在的冲突，并将冲突作为自身的性格特征，将场地的矛盾放大并展示了出来。正因为这样的态度，I-Tower看似割裂的建筑形象反而与场地紧密地结合了起来，共生而成为了一个不可分割的整体。

An ingenious way of approaching conflict is to respect it. In many conditions, the existence of conflict is of great significance. It is unnecessary to solve or mitigate it. I-Tower values the difference in the site and absorbs it as its characteristics by magnifying the tension. As a result, the seemingly divided image merges well with surroundings, living harmoniously together.    

I-Tower体量模型

Volume model of I-Tower

粗犷强烈的混凝土形体不仅只是一块表皮，它同样扮演着结构角色，承担着合理受力的责任，同时是外立面的完成材料。在某种程度上这恢复了建构（Tectonic）最初的诗意：所见即真实。

The façade made by rough and solid concrete wall performs the functions of exterior and structure, shouldering reasonable stress. To some degree, it restores the original poetry of Tectonics: what you see is real.   

建筑丰富的立面形式，开窗方式，剖面构成，这一切的相结合，创造出了复杂有趣的室内空间，减低了对于内饰和装饰面的依赖。建筑内无天花，直接反映了结构和建造的实质；地面以水泥自流平作为完成面；墙面只附以一层简单的石膏板以覆盖保温材料。

The integration of different façades, windows and sections creates complicated and interesting interior spaces, reducing the dependence on decoration. With no ceiling in the building, the essence of structure is exposed. Self-leveling underlayment provides a flat surface for floor installation. A simple layer of gypsum board covering the wall protects the insulating materials.

多功能剧场内的水泥自流平地面以及“彻上明造”

Self-leveling underlayment and exposed ceiling in the multi-functional theater 

该建筑提供了丰富的视野，多元化的空间布置的能性，直接和间接阳光，开放式平面，有张力的墙面和室内空间。毫无重复性的空间降低了对于“装饰”的需求。

The building offers sweeping views, diversified spatial arrangements, direct and indirect sunlight, open platform, wall and interior spaces with tension. A variety of spaces reduce the demands of adornment.  

I-Tower项目侧窗采光在办公空间内的效果

Light through the side window of office space in I-Tower 

不同的需求之间并不存在真正的先后关系。智慧如霍金，也只能讨论“先有鸡还是先有蛋？”这个问题。这个问题存在的意义已经远大于答案的意义，而设计需求也是一样。

The order of precedence is not applied to different requirements. Hawking once argued the question of Chicken or the Egg. As we all know, this question per se is more valuable than its answer. Design demand is the same.  

作为一家数字媒体营销机构的总部，客户需要一个具有象征性和地标性的特殊建筑，同时却不能牺牲空间的流动性和灵活性。建筑物的体积，强烈对比的外观，刚硬的材质，形成了一个永恒的形象。内部空间的可变性更加保证了功能的“与时俱进”。

This project is a headquarters of digital media marketing company. Client needs a symbolic and unique building icon without losing the mobility and flexibility of spaces. The building’s volume, contrasting facades, and solid materials establish an ever-lasting image. The variability of spaces inside guarantee updated functions.

内与外，持久的形象和瞬间的变化，都矛盾地共存着，都是这个时代的象征。这个建筑的核心理念已经不是传统现代主义所提倡的“形态追随功能”， 而是一种崭新的“形态追随时间”。

The conflicts of the interior and the exterior, the eternal image and instant change are mirrors of the age.

Unlike traditional modernism’s proposal, “form follows function”, the core idea of this building is brand new, viz. “form follows time”.

I-Tower内的办公会议空间

Meeting spaces in I-Tower

项目名称：I-TOWER

项目类型：办公+剧场+餐饮，综合性建筑

地址：Nonhyundong 52, 江南区, 首尔, 韩国

面积：3,200 ㎡. （地上面积1,800㎡， 地下面积 1,400㎡）

甲方：I-PARTNERS

造价：450 万美金

竣工：2017

建筑设计：ChiasmusPartners

室内设计：Chiasmuspartners

灯光设计：Chiasmuspartners

摄影师：Youngchae Park

主设计师：柯卫，李炫昊

设计团队：NaraeYang, Noumura Chika, Yeseul Huh

施工单位：Coremsys

Project Name:    I-TOWER

Address: Nonhyundong52, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea

Area: 3,200 sq. m.

Client: I-Partners

Budget: 4.5million USD

Completed: 2017

Architecture Design: Chiasmus Partners

Interior Design: Chiasmus partners

Lighting Design: Chiasmus partners

Photographer: Youngchae Park

Design Principals:  Hyunho Lee, James Wei Ke

Design Team:     Narae Yang, Noumura Chika, Yeseul Huh

Construction Company:  Coremsys

▲点击查看YoungBirdPlan遂昌乡村新公厕国际设计竞赛任务书

Click to find the brief of

YoungBirdPlan Suichang “Neo-Toilet” International Design Competition

2018 Young Bird Plan 遂昌乡村新公厕国际设计竞赛已于上周正式启动，目前已有100余位选手报名参赛，参赛选手的热情空前高涨。柯卫先生将担任此次竞赛的导师，助力乡村树立新典范，帮助五强选手深化设计作品并负责最终的优化和实施。

2018 Young Bird Plan Suichang “Neo-Toilet” International Design Competition was officially launched last week. So far, over 100 entrants have joined us with passions. With the guidance of James Wei Ke, the mentor of this competition, the projects of Top 5 winners will be modified and fabricated in the county.

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