刘珩 | 大成面粉厂暨2015 UABB展场建筑设计
蛇口大成面粉厂承载着深圳人的历史记忆，它最早成立于1980年。2010年随着蛇口的产业升级转型而结束运营。如今，被选址为2015深港城市\建筑双城双年展（深圳）主展场，大成面粉厂将被激活重生。南沙原创建筑设计工作室承担了这一工业遗址的改造设计使命。
A memorial for locals dating back to 1980, DaChan Flour Mills in Shekou was shut down in 2010 as a result of the industrial upgrading and transformation in the region. Now selected as the main venue for 2015 UABB (Shenzhen), this industrial legacy will be re-activated and brought to life again through a renovation programme by NODE.
在改造理念上，南沙原创强调“因地制宜，顺势而为，物尽其用”的原则，对于本身特色鲜明的工业建筑，保留和强化其空间原汁原味的特质，置换新功能，对于看似普通的标准化厂房，挖掘和激发原有空间的潜力与活力，以较强势的方式介入，使其特质最大化，力求实现建筑空间的丰富性和层次性。设计上力求保留和还原工业遗址的原貌，并在其中创建独特的公众参观流线，为城市中的每一个人提供近距离接触工业繁荣印记的机会。在这个蛇口快速发展所遗留下来的工业废墟上，实现“天人合一”思想的回归，重新审度人、社会、自然三者的关系。
The design principle proposed and implemented by NODE is to “adapt to and give full play to the existing conditions of objects”. Specifically, it’s meant to retain and strengthen the very original quality of this distinctive industrial building, and then implant the new functions. To explore and regenerate the potential and vitality of the original spaces in those seemingly common factory buildings, powerful interventions are employed to maximize their attributes and make spaces more diversified. Apart from preservation and restoration of the original appearance of the industrial legacy as much as possible, unique visit or circulation is also created to offer all visitors an opportunity to get first-hand experience of the traces of the once booming industry. The ultimate goal is to, on this industrial relics resulted from the rapid regional development, re-embrace the mindset of harmony between man and nature and re-examine the relationship among human, society and nature.
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◥大成面粉厂8#楼改造◤
Renovationon Building 8# of DaChan Flour Mills
改造面积：16125sqm（8#楼）+940sqm(入口广场)
Area：16,125 sqm（Building 8#）+940sqm (Entrance Square)
► 结构
Structure
8#楼结构框架是柱帽加无梁楼盖的经典工业建筑构造，在建筑技术日新月异的今天已经不为多见，其结构的力量感让人震撼，因此，我们保持建筑框架的原状，内部置换为展览功能，作为双年展主展场投入使用。
The existing No.8 warehouse (Building #8) is a classical industrial building with reinforced concrete with girderless slab, rare in this era when new building technologies keep springing up. The power of the structure is overwhelming, so the original framework is basically kept untouched, except that the interior spaceis re-planned for exhibition use to serve as UABB’s main venue.
► 立面改造—未来与现状冲突视觉化
Façade renovation – visualized conflictbetween the future and the present
未来规划的蓝图里，一条大马路将从8#楼中间跨过，8#楼将不复存在，现实与未来不可调和的冲突，通过一种调侃的方式将之视觉化，将未来道路以直接拼贴在现实的立面上。
In the blueprint, a grand boulevard is to cut through Building8#, making it no longer exist. As a teasing gesture to visualize the irreconcilable conflict between the future and the present, that road is collaged onto the existing façade.
同时，因功能由原来的仓储更新为展览，规范上需增加消防楼梯。设计将“楼梯坡道”的元素放大到极致，在城市交通干道的整个立面上形成一个连续完整的参观流线，满足了消防要求，同时使得原来普通单调的立面动感多样，让人印象深刻。
Meanwhile, as the space is renovated from storage into exhibition space, escape stairs have to be added to comply with the design codes. Besides, the stair ramp is enlarged to the maximum to create acontinuous and complete visitor circulation in the whole façade along the city’s trunk road. This not only complies with the fire protection requirements, it also creates an impressive, dynamicand diverse façade out of the otherwise mediocre and monotonous impression.
► 入口—复原棚架
Entrance – Restoring the roof
8#楼西南侧为整个改造片区的入口，原状为一个空的水泥构架，主要的改造动作是复原了原来的钢构棚架，再现8#楼工业时期使用中的状态与情景，重塑入口广场的场所感。
The entrance to the whole renovation project is placed at the southwest of Building #8, where an empty cement structure used to stand.The main effort here is to restore the former steel roof frame and recreate the status and scene when Building #8 was in operation, thus re-shape the sense of place on the entrance square.
方案阶段，构架顶棚采用高反射镜面材料，将周边的景观环境纳入广场，我们尝试在一个场所里同时解读工业遗迹的前世今生，因工期时间问题此想法未能在此次改造中实现，实在遗憾。
At schematic phase, highly-reflective mirroring materials are proposed for the roofing of the structure as a gesture to incorporate the surrounding landscape into the square. Unfortunately the architect’s attempt to interpret the past and the present of the industrial legacy within one siteis not actually realized due to the pressing construction schedule.
◥大成面粉厂3#楼改造◤
Renovation on Building 3# ofDaChan Flour Mills
改造面积：1000sqm
Area：1,000 sqm
► 软硬兼施—功能与空间的相得益彰
Combination of tangible and intangible – interplayof functionality and space
3#楼看似是整个大成场地最没特色的一栋普通框架梁柱结构建筑，但正是这种最没特色的外观隐藏了其内部丰富多元的空间组合关系，因此，改造顺势而为，尊重原有空间的特质和组合关系，置换多样的功能，首层大空间作为教育大厅兼羽毛球场，南侧一二层作为咖啡办公，三层则保留原有员工宿舍的线性关系，置换为青年旅舍，中间置入公共厨房及洗衣房，活化单调的住宿功能，成为三层的活动中心。屋顶为花园农场，整体功能与空间有机结合，形成一个微型公共教育综合体。
Building #3 seems to be a quite ordinary frame-structured building of least feature on the site. Yet under this mediocre shell lies a diverse possibility of spatial combination inside. To adapt to the existing conditions and retain the original quality and spatial combination, various new functions are implanted here. The large space on 1F serves as the education hall and concurrently badminton court. 1F and 2F in the south accommodate the cafeteria and offices. On 3F, the linear relationship with the former employee dorm is reserved and the youth hostel is planned. Shared kitchen and laundry rooms in the middle energize the singular accommodation function and create an activity center on this floor. Finally a garden farm is placed on the rooftop. Such anorganic combination of the overall functionality with the space contributes toa micro complex for public education.
► 都市厨房理想的尝试
Experiment on the idea of Urban Kitchen
为了改变整栋楼毫无特色的外观，我们在三层出其不意地嵌入了一个坡屋顶的小房子，成为改造一大亮点，这是一个为城市所有人准备的、充满informal交往的“都市厨房”，它将会塑成这个“小社区”的场所感和归属感。
To transform the mediocre look of the whole building, aslope-roofed small house is inserted into 3F as a highlight. It houses an “Urban Kitchen” that serves all urban dwellers and their informal interaction, and shapes the sense of place, making one feel part of this mini-community.
改造在最大限度保留原有建筑框架的同时，力图实现“城市厨房“的城市设计理想，组织形成混合型的小城市，激发我们对速生工业、速生城市的反思。
While keeping the original building frame to themaximum, efforts are made to realize the urbanism ideal implied by Urban Kitchen, i.e. to create amixed-use small town and provoke our reflection over the fast-growing industryand cities.
另外，为了配合“都市厨房”的理念，我们邀请了景观设计师对3#楼周边进行了 “桑田浮城”的农业景观设计。建筑与景观相得益彰，力图在这个蛇口快速发展所遗留下来的工业废墟上，实现“天人合一”农业思想的回归，重新审度人、社会、自然三者的关系。
To respond to the UrbanKitchen concept, a landscape designer is invited to conduct the agriculturally-themed landscape design, i.e. Mulberry Fields & Floating City, around the Building #3. Theinterplay of architecture and landscaping contributes to return of the agricultural mindset of harmony between man and nature , on the industrial relic left overfrom the drastic development of Shekou, and re-examining of the relation among people, society and nature.
◥大成面粉厂报告厅改增设计◤
Renovation and Addition of the Auditorium of DaChan Flour Mills
Area：1,000 sqm
► 景观资源最大化
Maximizing landscaping resources
北面是筒仓，因其极具雕塑感的体量和高度成为大成面粉厂最具特色的建筑，南面是太子湾繁忙港口的无敌海景。如何将两面景色纳入其中，成为其场所的特质，是报告厅设计的出发点，打破原来盒体式工业建筑的封闭感，南北设置视觉通廊，同时创造一定的制高点，可以有效地解决问题，报告厅南北面被设定为两面巨大的取景框，最大程度地汲取大成最优秀的景观资源，以城市为背景，形成开放通透的观演场所。功能上主要改增报告厅空间，一层功能置换为makermaker展览，二层利用报告厅台阶下的空间置入WC与会议室，三层增加露天吧台休闲功能，同时借用磨机楼的空间作为VIP室，整体功能与空间相辅相成，结合有机，形成一个小型的会议综合体。
In the north of the site stand the silos which, with the highly sculptural volume and impressive height, boast the most distinctive feature of DaChan Flour Mills, while to the south of the site unfolds the fantastic sea view of the bustling PrinceBay. So how to invite both views into the renovation and make them part of the attributes of the site becomes the starting point in design of the lecture hall. Visual corridors and some height points are thus provided in the north and south of the site to avoid the sense of enclosure caused by the box-like industrial building. The north and south facades are defined as two gigantic frame finders to bring in the most attractive views and create an open and transparent performance space against the urban backdrop. With addition to and renovation of the lecture hall, 1F is displaced with the MakerMaker exhibition, 2F the bathrooms and meeting rooms under the steps, 3F with an open-air bar. Besides,the spaces of the grinder building are borrowed to serve as VIP lounge. With appropriate mix and interplay of the functionality and space, a mini-conference complex is created.
► 新旧对比
Contract between the old and the new
改造的思路依旧遵循着因地制宜，顺势而为，物尽其用的原则，原建筑也是并无多少特色的标准厂房，标准柱网不能满足报告厅大跨空间的使用需求，于是在二层去除半跨柱网留下平台，把报告厅体量轻轻地放在平台上，加强新与旧两个体量、两个时代的对比，最大限度地还原设计对速生式工业发展的思考。
The renovation here still follows the principle of “adapting to and giving full play to the existing conditions while maximizing the reuseof objects”. The old buildings are typical factory buildings with few distinctive features. As typical column grid cannot provide large-span space for the lecture hall, half of the column gridon 2F is removed to create a platform on which the lecture hall is gently placed. This enhances the contrast between the new and old volumes, and between the two eras, restoring to the maximum the architect’s reflection on the fast-growing industrial development.
新建结构独立，与旧建筑结构脱开，整体像是一个玻璃盒子轻放在旧建筑二层拆除的半跨平台上，结构选型为门式钢架结构。材料和质感上也强调新旧对比，新的体量以追求轻盈通透的质感，与工业建筑厚实沉稳的气质形成差异。
Separated from the old building, the new structure, adoor-type steel frame, resembles a glass box gently placed on the half-gridplatform on 2F of the old building. The contrast between the new and the old is also embodied in material and texture. The new building volume, which is light and transparent, is in contrast to the solid and stable temperament of the industrial building.
然而因工期施工配合等综合原因，报告厅的结构尺寸并未达到我们理想中最轻的状态，但不失为一次有勇气的尝试。
Due to the constraints such as the construction scheduleand coordination, the structural dimensions of the lecture hall failed to achievethe desired lightness. Yet this can still be regarded as a bold experiment.
◥大成面粉厂改造◤
Renovation of Interconnected Silos of DaChan Flour Mills
Area：1,752 sqm
► 标志物 Landmark
筒仓一直被用作存储这个大成面粉厂的小麦等谷物原材料。这十个巨型的圆柱形筒仓在数十载的风雨中巍然而立，其最高处印刷着的“大成面粉“、”铁人面粉“八个大字并没有随时间的流逝而销蚀，责无旁贷地成为大成帝国乃至整个蛇口工业曾经繁荣的见证。
The silos have been used for storage ofgrains in this flour empire. The ten huge cylindrical silos are still there and the eight Chinese characters saying DaChan Flour and Ironman Flour on the top edge remain visible after witnessing the ups and downs of DaChan empire, even the glories of the industrial past of Shekou.
毋庸置疑，筒仓是园区最独特、最重要的建筑，在这种情况下，功能反而退而其次。设计力求保留和还原这栋工业建筑原汁原味的空间特质，保留其坚实的外表，强调其内部时间，空间，质感的体验。我们在十个筒的二层中创造了一条独特的参观流线，每个筒通过不同的灯光效果渲染出不同的氛围，从而形成丰富而震撼的精神体验。
Undoubtedly silos are the most unique and significant structuresin the industrial zone so their functionality becomes less important. Instead,the very original spatial attributes of this industrial legacy are reserved and restored to the best of our ability, and the solid appearance is retained to highlight the indoor experiences on time, space and texture. A unique visitor circulation is created on 2F of the ten silos. Each silo uses different lighting to foster different atmosphere and create diverse and overwhelming spiritual experiences.
► 未来
Future
双年展之后，筒仓的永久改造方案将继续推进，筒仓的顶楼遵循筒仓云线状轮廓增加透明体量，改造成招商会办公空间，筒仓主空间将作为当代艺术博物馆之用，在十个筒中以圆心对圆心的方式植入一条连续的公共钢楼梯，连接各层空间形成观展主流线，同时在其中穿插图书室，通高的冥想室等功能，再次强化筒仓的空间精神特质，把体验观感提升到另一个层次。
The permanent silo-renovation plan will be further implemented after 2015 UABB comes to an end. The top floor of the siloswill follow the cloud-like profile to create more transparent volumes, i.e. the office spaces of the Business Promotion Office. The main silo spaces are planned as a museum of modern art, where a continuous central steel stair is implanted in a center-to-center manner in the ten silos to connect the spaceson different floors and establish the main visiting circulation. Meanwhile, libraries and full-height meditation rooms are placed now and then along theway to highlight the spiritual attributes of the silos and elevate the visiting experience to a new level.
大成面粉厂最早成立于1980年，1990年被台湾的大成食品集团接收，成立大成食品（蛇口）公司，开始生产推广各种烘焙专用高级面粉，创出我国面粉行业的名牌——外销的“大成”牌与内销的“铁人牌”行销香港和珠三角等地区。2010年，大成面粉厂随着蛇口的产业升级转型而结束运营。光景从此不再，但建筑残存，它们似乎都在奋力讲述着往昔的故事。这对于年轻的深圳——一个缺少回忆的城市来说，是否弥足珍贵？而在特区深圳中的特区—蛇口的特殊政策开发背景下，位于以国际化资源和环球文化交流为核心发展的太子湾片区中的历史建筑物，又应该以一种怎样的姿态融入崭新的时代？
DaChan Flour Mills dates back to 1980.In October 1990,Taiwan-based DaChan Food Limited took it over andrenamed it DaChan Food (Shekou) Company that started to be engaged in the production and promotion of various high-grade baking flour, which sold well inthe brand names of “DaChan” (for overseas market) and “Ironman” (for domestic market)in Hong Kong, the Pearl River Delta and other regions. In 2010, DaChan FlourMills stopped operation due to the industrial upgrading and transformation ofShekou District. Its heyday may have gone, but factory buildings survive and tell the stories of the past. Aren’t they very precious for young Shenzhen, with little history to be memorized? Against the special development background of Shekou, a “special zone” inside Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, how can these historical buildings located in the PrinceBay whose development is driven by international resources and global cultural exchange, be redeveloped to adapt to a brand new era?
► Project Credits:
规划/景观/建筑方案设计团队：南沙原创建筑设计工作室
主持建筑师：刘珩
设计团队：刘珩、黄杰斌、关裕韬、史学源、郑桂堂、王睿、李杨文昭、张瑜
规划设计顾问：都市智库
“桑田浮城“景观设计：香港中文大学建筑学院 钟宏亮
施工图设计单位：深圳市建筑设计研究总院
灯光方案设计顾问：深圳光程式科技
摄影：张超
资料提供：南沙原创建筑设计工作室
Planning& Architecture Design: NODE Architecture & Urbanism
Founder/Principal：Doreen Heng LIU,
Design Team：Doreen Heng LIU, Huang Jie-Bin, Guan Yu-Tao, SHI Xue-Yuan, ZhengGui-Tang, Wang Rui, LI Yang-Wen-Zhao, Zhang Yu
Planning Design Consultant: UrbanThink Tank-UTT
Landscape design ”Mulberry Field & Floating City”: Thomas Chung, School of Architecture, CUHK
Construction Documents : Shenzhen General Institute of Architectural Design& Research
Lighting Design Consultant：Shenzhen Lighting Formula
Photographer: Zhang Chao
Materials provided by: NODE
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