【二轮复习】七选五任务型阅读解题技巧

七选五任务型阅读解题技巧

广州市第二外国语学校  何芳

一、题型分析

七选五主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。 “七选五”突出就以下几方面考查考生的语用能力：

一是考生对文章的写作结构和脉络层次的理解。

二是对文章事实信息和情节发展的理解。

三是对作者写作意图，态度和观点的理解等。

命题有以下特点：

1.试题结构：一篇缺少五个句子，对应有七个选项，其中两个是干扰项。

2.正确选项特点：主旨概括准确，上下文无缝衔接，注释和说明正确。

3.干扰选项特点：主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题；过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构；注释或说明性文字的意思与上文脱节等。

二、材料特点

1.体裁：以说明文为主。 

2.话题：贴近考生学习、生活，如教育，环保，饮食，健康等。

3.主旨：传播正能量、传递良策。

4.结构：文章结构严谨、段落层次分明。

三、学情分析

学生已积累了一定的做题经验，但缺乏技巧的指导。七选五是学生在阅读题当中比较有压力的题目，因为只要一个选项出现问题就可能会导致连续几道题的错误，而且很多学生在把握文章结构和脉络方面有困难。

四、设空类型

1.主旨句 （标题类，主题句类）

2.过渡性句子（文章结构）

3.细节注释性句子（上下文逻辑）

五、解题策略

1.主旨句(标题、段首、段尾)

(1)小标题。

5 Facts to Learn Chinese Dragon Boat Festival

  The Dragon Boat Festival is an important traditional festival in China....

1.   36  

  The date for the Dragon Boat Festival changes each year. It is on the fifth day of the fifth month according to China’s lunar calendar, which falls in the period from May 25th to July 24th.

2. It is an important Public Holiday.

…

D. The Festival Date Varies Each Year.

E. Dragon Boat Festival 2016 fell on June 9th.

思路：若考查空为小标题， 首先根据其余小标题的句式，是名词短语还是祈使句等，在选项中选出同类句式的选项，将挑择范围缩小；然后再根据该小段落的内容进行归纳总结。本题答案为D项。

(2)段首主旨句。

1.  37  Many studies have linked early rising with success. An early morning wake-up carries benefits including better planning and anticipation(预料）of problems, and more time to the things that make you happy.

C. Early to rise makes you healthy, wealthy and wise.

2.Here are some ideas that can help you.

   38  Someone not being able to find a group in class might not seem like a big deal—but part of being kind is noticing when someone seems sad, hurt or uncomfortable.

D. One way to practice empathy is to pay attention to the people around you.

思路：若考查空在段首，通常是主题句，要认真阅读后文，了解大意可知主题。以上两题答案分别为C项和D项。

(3)段尾结论句。

1. A day well spent gets you a good night sleep. Enough sleep makes you feel healthier  and happier, and it’s more than lifting up your or removing exhaustion. Adequate sleep is a key part  of your health and inner happiness.  40  

F. When you rest better, you can live better and achieve more happiness.

2....You think about asking her to be your partner, but you’re afraid people will think you’re uncool. You don’t reach out.  36  

Empathy is being able to understand and actually feel what someone else is feeling.

E. However, you never know showing empathy may make all

思路：若考查空在段尾，通常是结论、概括性语句。也可能是与下个段落的过渡句。以上两题的答案分别是F项和E项。

2.过渡性句子(文章结构)。

3.细节注释性句子(上下文逻辑解题技巧)

段中设空类

Everything around us is changing at amazing speed, it seems——but some things will always remain the same.  36   Some of our daily habits have the power to always give us happiness....

A. That's why habits are so powerful.

思路：若考查空在段落中间， 常常是考查它与前后句之间的逻辑关系。

1.同词复现

2. Happiness comes to those who are curious.  38   As long as you live, there will always be something to learn, and as long as you follow your heart and your passions, you won't miss out on learning.

G. There is no stage in life when we can’t be learning something valuable.

2.近义词/短语复现

3. Believe in yourself and all that you are.  39  Confidence is the key to success...

E. Nothing will ever make you happier than having faith in yourself.

3.发现派生词

...For some people, this comes naturally; for others, it takes a bit more work.  37  When you practice being empathetic, it gets easier to make kindness a part of your everyday life.

B. But empathy is super important to being kind.

 Everything around us is changing at amazing speed, it seems——but some things will always remain the same.  36  Some of our daily habits have the power to always give us happiness....

A. That’s why habits are so powerful.

4.找到反义词

5.识别逻辑关系词

On the other hand, the advantages of going overseas may include day-to- day opportunities to learn a new culture, meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language, and chances to see different parts of the world. ______Those disadvantages include expense, time away from one’s school, family,… 

A. The following are its advantages.

B. However, there may be a number of disadvantages.

C. Consider a distance education.

D. Most of us are adapted to studying at school.

6.识别同畴词

Everybody gets stressed time to time. Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed: (1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives.   72   They might have had similar problems ....

A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.

C. Different people feel stress in different ways

E. You need to figure out what the problem is.

F. And don’t forget about your friends  可以相信的人=父母+亲戚+朋友

7.巧识代词

...You think about asking her to be your partner, but you're afraid people will think you're uncool. You don't reach out.   36  

Empathy is being able to understand and actually feel what someone else is feeling.

E. However, you never know showing empathy may make all the difference to her.

8.逃开陷阱

More than 20 years ago, a New Jersy artist named Jane Golden started a program pairing troubled youth with artists to paint murals(壁画) on a few buildings around the city.   38___ The teenagers involved helped to create magnificent pieces of art, and there were other, even more important, benefits. The young people learned to cooperate and get along with many different kinds of people during the painting. They learned to be responsible, because they needed to follow a schedule to make sure the murals were completed. (2017广州市二测)

E. From this small project, something magical happened.

F. The program encouraged troubled youth to paint together with their teachers. 

总结

解题方法

1. 看文章结构  2. 找关键词  3. 找逻辑关系  4. 排除法

解题微技能

1.同词复现  2.近义词复现  3.发现派生词  4.找出反义词

5.识别逻辑关系词  6.识别同畴词   7.巧用代词  8.避开陷阱