佳文赏析 | 陶澍院士团队：居民能源使用对空气污染和健康损失的贡献巨大
居民能源使用导致
空气污染和健康损失
居民能源消费对空气污染的贡献很大，但因数据不足而没有得到充分的研究。北京大学城市与环境学院陶澍院士团队，评估了居民能源使用对PM2.5浓度及居民健康的影响。该成果于2020年10月28日发表于《科学进展》（Science Advances）。
2014年，居民部门使用了全国能源消费总量的7.5%，但贡献了27%的一次PM2.5排放、23%的室外PM2.5浓度、71%的室内PM2.5浓度以及67%的PM2.5导致的过早死亡。生物质燃料和煤炭对健康影响的贡献相持平。相对于城镇居民，农村居民贡献了更多的排放，也承受了更高的过早死亡风险。居民排放和非居民排放是相互关联的，因此必须努力同时减少两种类型排放。
基于最新的能源数据，本成果指出居民部门对空气污染和健康损失的贡献远高于以往的认识。2014年，PM2.5排放共导致中国115万过早死亡，其中农村和城镇分别为64万和51万。居民部门排放贡献了67%（即77万）的过早死亡。这一结果远高于全球疾病负担报告中24%的占比。
文章摘要：
Residential contribution to air pollution–associated health impacts is critical, but inadequately addressed because of data gaps. Here, we fully model the effects of residential energy use on emissions, outdoor and indoor PM2.5 concentrations, exposure, and premature deaths using updated energy data. We show that the residential sector contributed only 7.5% of total energy consumption but contributed 27% of primary PM2.5 emissions; 23 and 71% of the outdoor and indoor PM2.5 concentrations, respectively; 68% of PM2.5 exposure; and 67% of PM2.5-induced premature deaths in 2014 in China, with a progressive order of magnitude increase from sources to receptors. Biomass fuels and coal provided similar contributions to health impacts. These findings are particularly true for rural populations, which contribute more to emissions and face higher premature death risks than urban populations. The impacts of both residential and nonresidential emissions are interconnected, and efforts are necessary to simultaneously mitigate both emission types.
文章信息：
Xiao Yun, Guofeng Shen, Huizhong Shen, Wenjun Meng, Yilin Chen, Haoran Xu, Yuang Ren, Qirui Zhong, Wei Du, Jianmin Ma, Hefa Cheng, Xilong Wang, Junfeng Liu, Xuejun Wang, Bengang Li, Jianying Hu, Yi Wan, Shu Tao. Residential solid fuel emissions contribute significantly to air pollution and associated health impacts in China. Science Advances. 2020. Vol. 6, no. 44, eaba7621.
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba7621
文章链接：
https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/44/eaba7621
转载自 气候变化经济学
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原文标题：科学进展：居民能源使用对空气污染和健康损失的贡献巨大
排版：焦悦
责任编辑：张英浩
审编：鲁嘉颐
终审： 顾伟男 田巍 梁龙武
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