7个魔幻残局（七）终结 卡尔波夫马踏连营
7 Chess Endgame Magicians
继续连载chess.com上的一篇文章：7 Chess Endgame Magicians，作者是ColinStapczynski。
分章节介绍
07
卡尔波夫
本系列最后一篇，压轴大Boss为卡尔波夫。卡尔波夫大家都比较熟悉，是第12位世界冠军，被广泛认为是有史以来最伟大的残局高手之一。
他的残局展示了预判和楚茨文格战术的深厚功力。上图是他执白与另一大卡，卡斯帕罗夫1984年的对弈。局面来看均势，分析一下，黑方卡斯帕罗夫的兵与象同白色格;而白方卡尔波夫除一个兵外，其余兵都在黑格，象在白格。凭这点差别能获胜？
在双方马涅夫运马之后，第44步，Bf5,卡尔波夫放弃了自己的“好”象，以象换马，进入马对象残局，此时仍然是均势。
44... Bxf5 45. Ne3 Bb1 46. b4 卡尔波夫把兵放在黑格，避开白象，这样就使得白象像个无头苍蝇一样。
46... gxh4 这步棋给了卡尔波夫胜利的希望，他选择了弃子跳马来踩，47. Ng2! 活跃了马也活跃了王。
49. ... Kf5 50. Nxh5 Ke6 51. Nf4+ Kd6 52. Kg4 Bc2 53. Kh5 Bd1 54. Kg6 Ke7? 马吃完h线兵后再返回，把王冲上，黑方想着象吃兵是个兑换，实则错误，白马在这吃d5兵是先手一将。
55. Nxd5+ Ke6 56. Nc7+ 可以看到白方这匹马在处处击双，56步这一将又得一兵，局面已变优。
其余部分见视频。
全局视频和棋谱
[Event "World Championship 31th-KK1"]
[Site "Moscow"]
[Date "1984.10.05"]
[Round "9"]
[White "Karpov, Anatoly"]
[Black "Kasparov, Garry"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D34"]
[WhiteElo "2705"]
[BlackElo "2715"]
[Plycount "139"]
[Eventdate "1984.09.10"]
[Eventtype "match"]
[Eventrounds "48"]
[Eventcountry "RUS"]
[Source "ChessBase"]
[Sourcedate "1999.07.01"]
1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 c5 4. cxd5 exd5 5. g3 Nf6 6. Bg2 Be7 7. O-O O-O 8. Nc3
Nc6 9. Bg5 cxd4 10. Nxd4 h6 11. Be3 Re8 12. Qb3 Na5 13. Qc2 Bg4 14. Nf5 Rc8 15.
Bd4 Bc5 16. Bxc5 Rxc5 17. Ne3 Be6 18. Rad1 Qc8 19. Qa4 Rd8 20. Rd3 a6 21. Rfd1
Nc4 22. Nxc4 Rxc4 23. Qa5 Rc5 24. Qb6 Rd7 25. Rd4 Qc7 26. Qxc7 Rdxc7 27. h3 h5
28. a3 g6 29. e3 Kg7 30. Kh2 Rc4 31. Bf3 b5 32. Kg2 R7c5 33. Rxc4 Rxc4 34. Rd4
Kf8 35. Be2 Rxd4 36. exd4 Ke7 37. Na2 Bc8 38. Nb4 Kd6 39. f3 Ng8 40. h4 Nh6 41.
Kf2 Nf5 42. Nc2 f6 43. Bd3 g5 44. Bxf5 {Karpov gives up his "good" bishop in
order to enter a knight versus bishop ending—although it is still objectively
equal.} 44... Bxf5 45. Ne3 Bb1 46. b4 {Karpov continues to place pawns on dark
squares, depriving Kasparov's bishop of targets. The bishop almost looks like a
whiffle bat swinging at air.} 46... gxh4 {Oddly enough, this capture is what
causes Kasparov his first real problems as Karpov finds a great idea!} 47. Ng2!
{The temporary pawn sacrifice not only activates Karpov's knight, but his king
also.} 47... hxg3+ 48. Kxg3 Ke6 49. Nf4+ Kf5 50. Nxh5 Ke6 51. Nf4+ Kd6 52. Kg4
{After the dust has settled, we can see that Karpov has achieved something out
of nothing. His knight and king are active, while the "whiffle bat" bishop
continues to swing at nothing.} 52... Bc2 53. Kh5 Bd1 54. Kg6 Ke7? {Kasparov
makes a slight misstep in a difficult ending. After the subsequent exchanges,
Karpov will just be up two pawns.} 55. Nxd5+ Ke6 56. Nc7+ Kd7 57. Nxa6 Bxf3 58.
Kxf6 {Karpov is up more than enough material to win, but it isn't an easy
win—technique is still required.} 58... Kd6 59. Kf5 Kd5 60. Kf4 Bh1 61. Ke3 Kc4
62. Nc5 {An important move to keep Kasparov's king off of the b3-square.} 62...
Bc6 63. Nd3 Bg2 64. Ne5+ Kc3 65. Ng6 Kc4 66. Ne7 Bb7 67. Nf5 Bg2 68. Nd6+ Kb3
69. Nxb5 Ka4 70. Nd6 {Kasparov resigned.} 1-0
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