25项国象最佳排行榜 | 历届世界冠军赛精选对局(一)

本篇参考编译自chess.com上的两篇文章,分别是：

1. The 10 Greatest Games Ever Played In The World Chess Championship (The 10 Greatest Games Ever Played In The World Chess Championship - Chess.com)

2. The Best World Chess Championship Matches In History (The Best World Chess Championship Matches In History - Chess.com)

2021年世界冠军赛刚结束，让我们来回味一下历届世界冠军赛的精彩对局。只收10佳肯定是太少了，20佳又显得过多，最后的结果是几佳，看连载吧。

1.斯坦尼茨（Wilhelm Steinitz） VS. 齐果林（Mikhail Chigorin） 1892年 第四轮

1886年，威廉·斯坦尼茨击败约翰内斯·祖克托特，成为第一位正式的世界冠军。然后1889 年、1890 年和1892 年三次成功卫冕，1894 年时输给了拉斯克。我们欣赏的是1892年对奇果林的那场。

13...fg  卡斯帕罗夫认为此着是个决定性的错误，接下来，黑方的王变得非得脆弱。

20...a5 错误，这时应该走h5，活动一下王前的兵。

23.Rd4弃车吃象，大家喜欢的弃子来了，如果黑方接下来马踩车，则白方再弃车砍兵，最后后象配合结束战斗。 

2.拉斯克(Emanuel Lasker) VS. 卡帕布兰卡(Jose Raul Capablanca) 1992年 第10轮

卡帕布兰卡是个出色的残局大师，这盘棋下了68回合，残局部分的表演用今天的话来说可与许银川的鬼魅神功相媲美。

3.鲍特维尼克（Mikhail Botvinnik） VS. 塔尔(Mikhail Tal)  1960年第6轮

此局的亮点在第21步:

21...Nf4 注意这个马是直接跳下去的，没有吃子，纯送吃。

这步棋多少年后用鳕鱼分析并不是一个好棋，如果白方是计算机，黑方这一跳就是在自杀，但现实是白方是人，是上世纪60年代的人，对此不着边际的着法真的是不好应对。

4.彼得罗相(Tigran Petrosian) VS 斯帕斯基(Boris Spassky)  1966年第10轮

此盘棋是彼得罗相的经典弃子表演。

21.Ne3 弃车不要了？嗯，就是要弃掉,把角落里的车给解放出来。

最后一步，轮到白方，该如何走？既然做成了例题，想必大家认真想想都能解出来。

5.卡尔波夫(Anatoly Karpov) VS. 卡斯帕罗夫(Garry Kasparov) 1995年 第16轮

终于见到两卡了。

这个黑马有如泰山压顶一般，生生挡住一后一车。然后我们就看到黑方在不断地调动子力，而白方在闷头寻求出路。

这步沉车虽然在棋谱上没有打！，但我觉得甚妙。换做我下，我肯定会逃后。

发一下棋谱，过几天再连载。

[Event "Steinitz - Chigorin World Championship "]

[Site "Havana CUB"]

[Date "1892.01.07"]

[Round "4"]

[White "Wilhelm Steinitz"]

[Black "Mikhail Chigorin"]

[Result "1-0"]

[ECO "C65"]

[PlyCount "55"]

[EventDate "1892.??.??"]

{Notes by NM Jeremy Kane.} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. d3 {A modern

mainstream Berlin Defense, an opening more than 100 years ahead of its time!}

4... d6 (4... Bc5 {is popular today, but there's nothing wrong with Chigorin's

choice.}) 5. c3 {A strong move to prepare a later d3-d4.} 5... g6 6. Nbd2 Bg7 7.

Nf1 $5 {This ambitious choice is still popular today. White delays castling to

keep the option of advancing the h-pawn, supported by the rook. The knight will

later head to e3 or g3.} 7... O-O 8. Ba4 {Steinitz prepares to bring the bishop

to b3 or c2.} (8. Ne3 {was tried earlier in the match but didn't cause Black any

trouble.} 8... d5 $5 9. Qc2 a6 10. Ba4 dxe4 11. dxe4 Nd7 12. O-O Nc5 13. Bxc6

bxc6 14. Rd1 Qe7 15. b3 Ne6 16. Nc4 Nf4 17. Bxf4 exf4 18. Nd4 c5 19. Ne2 g5 20.

Re1 Bb7 21. f3 Rae8 22. Rad1 g4 23. Nxf4 Qg5 24. Nd5 gxf3 25. Re3 f5 26. e5 f4

27. Rxf3 Bxe5 28. Rf2 f3 29. Nxe5 Rxe5 30. c4 Bxd5 31. cxd5 Rfe8 32. Rxf3

{1/2-1/2 (32) Steinitz,W-Chigorin,M Havana 1892}) 8... Nd7 $6 {Black aims for

Nd7-c5-e6, and possibly f7-f5. However, this slow plan allows White to take the

initiative.} (8... d5 {was an improvement later in the match, although Steinitz

won a nice game there as well.} 9. Qe2 Qd6 10. Bc2 b6 11. Ng3 Ba6 12. O-O dxe4

13. Nxe4 Nxe4 14. Qxe4 Bb7 15. Qh4 Ne7 16. Ng5 h6 17. Ne4 Qd7 18. Bxh6 Nf5 19.

Qh3 Bxe4 20. dxe4 Bxh6 21. Rad1 Qc8 22. exf5 Kg7 23. f6+ Kh7 24. Rd7 Qe8 25. Qg4

Kh8 26. Be4 Rd8 27. Re7 Qb5 28. Bxg6 e4 29. Bf5 Qxb2 30. Qh5 Qd2 31. Rxf7 Rxf7

32. Qxf7 Qxf2+ 33. Kxf2 {1-0 (33) Steinitz,W-Chigorin,M Havana 1892}) 9. Ne3 Nc5

(9... f5 $1 {looks risky, but was the correct choice. Black should immediately

fight for the center and take advantage of White's slow development to reach a

good position.} 10. exf5 gxf5 11. Nd5 f4 $15) 10. Bc2 {White preserves the

bishop. He'll want to attack with it later.} 10... Ne6 11. h4 $1 {Steinitz said

of this move, \"In general, this is not especially dangerous early in the game,

but in the given instance I noticed a weak point in the enemy kingside and I am

not to be trifled with: despite my age, I can still bite.\" White aims to open

the h-file and start a quick attack against the black king.} 11... Ne7 {It's

often a good idea to meet a flank attack with counterplay in the center, so

Chigorin prepares the d5 pawn break. In this position, the center is well

defended and White soon gains an advantage.} (11... Nf4 {might be best, but

White keeps a dangerous initiative.} 12. h5 Nxh5 13. Nf5 $1 {leads to a

dangerous attack.}) (11... h5 12. g4 {also fails to solve Black's problems.})

12. h5 d5 13. hxg6 fxg6 $6 {Garry Kasparov considers this the decisive mistake

of the game. Black's king will be vulnerable on the light squares the rest of

the way.} (13... hxg6 {was safe, but doesn't solve Black's long-term problems.}

14. Bd2 {White blocks the d-file so that an exchange on e4 doesn't require a

queen trade.} 14... Qd6 15. g3 b5 16. Ng4 {leads to a lot of pieces coming

toward the black king.}) 14. exd5 {Steinitz immediately begins to clear the

diagonal toward Black's king.} 14... Nxd5 15. Nxd5 Qxd5 16. Bb3 Qc6 17. Qe2

{Steinitz prevents any counterplay associated with e5-e4.} 17... Bd7 (17... a5

{is possibly a better try, but White can block the pawn and keep an advantage.}

18. a4) 18. Be3 {Black's exposed king is a long-term weakness. White has plenty

of time to complete development before starting the attack.} 18... Kh8 19. O-O-O

Rae8 20. Qf1 $5 {Many of us may have tried the thematic Qd2 to prepare Bh6, but

Steinitz has another plan for his queen.} 20... a5 (20... h5 $1 {is the choice

of my Stockfish, but I doubt that many players of that day would have even

considered moving the pawn in front of the ing like that. White is still doing

well, but it's surprisingly hard to break through on the kingside with the file

blocked. Notice that White has to keep the knight defended, so it's difficult to

prepare g2-g4.}) 21. d4 $1 {White begins to open the position and start the

winning attack on Black's king.} 21... exd4 22. Nxd4 Bxd4 (22... Nxd4 $2 {leads

to a quick finish.} 23. Rxh7+ $1 Kxh7 24. Qh1+ Bh3 25. Qxh3+ Bh6 26. Qxh6#) 23.

Rxd4 $1 {A beautiful sacrifice! Accepting it allows a mating combination, but

nothing else will hold on for long. Chigorin lets Steinitz play a well-deserved

pretty finish.} 23... Nxd4 24. Rxh7+ $1 {Bxd4+ would also win, but Steinitz

finds a direct path to mate.} 24... Kxh7 25. Qh1+ Kg7 26. Bh6+ Kf6 27. Qh4+ {The

king must walk into the center.} 27... Ke5 28. Qxd4+ {Black resigned. After Kf5

then Qf4 or g4 would checkmate. An amazingly modern-looking game by Steinitz,

who went on to win the match, +10 -8 =5.} 1-0

[Event "Lasker - Capablanca World Championship Match"]

[Site "Havana CUB"]

[Date "1921.04.08"]

[Round "10"]

[White "Emanuel Lasker"]

[Black "Jose Raul Capablanca"]

[Result "0-1"]

[EventDate "?"]

[ECO "D61"]

[WhiteElo "?"]

[BlackElo "?"]

[PlyCount "136"]

1. d4 {Notes by J. R. Capablanca} 1... d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. e3

O-O 6. Nf3 Nbd7 7. Qc2 c5 8. Rd1 Qa5 9. Bd3 h6 10. Bh4 cxd4 11. exd4 dxc4 12.

Bxc4 Nb6 13. Bb3 Bd7 14. O-O {The development is now complete. White has a lone

d Pawn, but, on the otherhand, Black is somewhat hampered in the manoeuvering of

his pieces.} 14... Rac8 15. Ne5 Bb5 {With this move and the following, Black

brings about an exchange of pieces, which leaves him with a free game.} 16. Rfe1

Nbd5 17. Bxd5 Nxd5 18. Bxe7 Nxe7 19. Qb3 Bc6 {Not Ba6 because of Nd7, followed

by Nc5.} 20. Nxc6 bxc6 21. Re5 Qb6 22. Qc2 Rfd8 23. Ne2 {Probably White's first

mistake. He wants to take a good defensive position, but he should instead have

counter-attacked with Na4 and Rc5.} 23... Rd5 24. Rxd5 cxd5 {Black has now the

open file and his left side Pawn position is very solid, while White has a weak

d-Pawn. The apparently weak Black a Pawn is not actually weak because White has

no way to attack it.} 25. Qd2 Nf5 26. b3 {In order to free the Queen from the

defense of the b-Pawn and also to prevent Rc4 at any stage.} 26... h5 {In order

to prevent g4 at a later stage. Also to make a demonstration on the king’s side,

prepatory to further operations on the other side.} 27. h3 {Weak, but White

wants to be ready to play g4.} 27... h4 {To tie up White's King side. Later on

it will be seen that White is compelled to play g4 and thus further weaken his

game.} 28. Qd3 Rc6 29. Kf1 g6 30. Qb1 Qb4 31. Kg1 {This was White's sealed move.

It was not the best move, but it is doubtful if White has any good system of

defense.} 31... a5 32. Qb2 a4 {Now Black exchanges the pawn and leaves White

with a weak, isolated b-Pawn, which will fall sooner or later.} 33. Qd2 Qxd2 34.

Rxd2 axb3 35. axb3 Rb6 {In order to force Rd3 and thus prevent the White rook

from supporting his b-Pawn by Rb2 later on. It means practically tying up the

White rook to the defense of his two weak pawns.} 36. Rd3 Ra6 37. g4 hxg3 38.

fxg3 Ra2 39. Nc3 Rc2 40. Nd1 {The alternative Na4, was not any better. White’s

game is doomed.} 40... Ne7 41. Ne3 Rc1+ 42. Kf2 Nc6 43. Nd1 Rb1 {Not Nb4 because

of 44. Rd2 Rb1 45. Nb2 Rxb2 46.Rxb2 Nd3+ 47.Ke2 Nxb2 48.Kd2, and Black could not

win.} 44. Ke2 {Not a mistake, but played deliberately. White had no way to

protect his b-Pawn.} 44... Rxb3 45. Ke3 Rb4 46. Nc3 Ne7 47. Ne2 Nf5+ 48. Kf2 g5

49. g4 Nd6 50. Ng1 Ne4+ 51. Kf1 Rb1+ 52. Kg2 Rb2+ 53. Kf1 Rf2+ 54. Ke1 Ra2 {All

these moves have a meaning. The student should carefully study them.} 55. Kf1

Kg7 56. Re3 Kg6 57. Rd3 f6 58. Re3 Kf7 59. Rd3 Ke7 60. Re3 Kd6 61. Rd3 Rf2+ 62.

Ke1 Rg2 63. Kf1 Ra2 64. Re3 e5 {This was my sealed move and unquestionably the

best way to win.} 65. Rd3 {If 65.Ne2 Nd2+ 66.Kf2 e4 67.Rc3 Nf3 68.Ke3 Ne1 69.Kf2

Ng2. and White would be helpless. If 65.Nf3 Nd2+ exchanging knights wins.} 65...

exd4 66. Rxd4 Kc5 67. Rd1 d4 68. Rc1+ Kd5 {There is nothing left. The Black pawn

will advance and White will have to give up his Knight for it. This is the

finest win of the match and probably took away from Dr. Lasker his last real

hope of winning or drawing the match.} 0-1

[Event "Botvinnik - Tal World Championship Match"]

[Site "Moscow URS"]

[Date "1960.03.26"]

[Round "6"]

[White "Mikhail Botvinnik"]

[Black "Mikhail Tal"]

[Result "0-1"]

[ECO "E69"]

[PlyCount "93"]

{Notes by NM Sam Copeland with quotes from GM Mikhail Tal.} 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nf3 g6

3. g3 Bg7 4. Bg2 O-O 5. d4 d6 6. Nc3 Nbd7 7. O-O e5 {\"The King's Indian Defense

with 2...c5 and the Nimzo-Indian Defense had, in general, not produced the

desired effect. There was still one other double-edged opening - the classical

King's Indian Defense. This is what we chose. One of the things that helped

shape our decision was that Botvinnik, against the King's Indian Defense,

usually selected an old-fashioned continuation connected with the fianchettoing

of the king bishop which, in my opinion, does not give White an opening

advantage.\"} 8. e4 c6 9. h3 {[%cal df6g4][%c_arrow f6g4;from;f6;to;g4] to stop

...Ng4} 9... Qb6 {[%csl db6][%c_square b6;square;b6] threatening to capture with

10...exd4! 11.Nxd4 Nxe4!} 10. d5 cxd5 11. cxd5 Nc5 12. Ne1 {[%cal

de1d3][%c_arrow e1d3;from;e1;to;d3] playing to exchange the knight on c5.} 12...

Bd7 13. Nd3 Nxd3 14. Qxd3 Rfc8 15. Rb1 Nh5?! (15... Qd4 {perhaps a move like

this was obvectively better. The commital ...Nh5 must be admired for the

creativity, but we should also acknowledge that the position is difficult for

Black.}) 16. Be3 Qb4 17. Qe2 {[%cal de2h5,de2b2,df7f5][%c_arrow

e2h5;from;e2;to;h5,e2b2;from;e2;to;b2,f7f5;from;f7;to;f5]} 17... Rc4 {[%cal

db4h4][%c_arrow b4h4;from;b4;to;h4]} ({\"The variation\"} 17... f5 18. exf5 Bxf5

19. Rbc1 {\"conceding the square e4, would be positionally unjustified. Black

decides to carry out f5 with greater effect, and now the sacrifice of the knight

on f4 becomes less hazy.\"}) 18. Rfc1 {\"White wants to 'smoke out' Black's

pieces with Bf1 and then satisfactorily carry out a mass of exchanges. The

ending will be extremely favorable for him because of the fact that Black's

knight and king's bishop are stuck on the kingside and will not be able to

switch over to defense quickly.\"} 18... Rac8 19. Kh2 f5 {\"After having waited

a move, Black feels that everything is ready for the combination and makes the

initial 'anti-positional' move.\"} 20. exf5 Bxf5 {[%csl db1][%c_square

b1;square;b1]} 21. Ra1 {\"Botvinnik probably thought that now Black's pieces,

because of the threat of 22.g4, were forced to retreat and White would be able

to occupy e4 at his own convenience, but there is a surprise waiting for him.\"}

21... Nf4!! {\"In my opinion, the arguments that this move raised were

completely pointless. Suffice it to say that all the other continuations are bad

and if the knight sacrifice is incorrect, then a question mark should not be

placed after Black's 21st move but, say, after his 17th. Be that as it may,

after the knight sacrifice, Black's pieces (especially the recently 'unemployed'

bishop on g7) become very active all over the board, and White has to seriously

take into account all the numerous sharp variations. The sacrifice must be

accepted.\"} (21... Nf6 22. g4 Bd7 23. Qd2) 22. gxf4 exf4 23. Bd2? (23. a3!!

{[%csl de3][%c_square e3;square;e3][%cal da2a3][%c_arrow a2a3;from;a2;to;a3]

This surprising intermediate move disrupts Tal's coordination and permits the

capture on a7 next move since the bishop will no longer be trapped by ...Qa5

after...} 23... Qb3 {[%csl db3][%c_square b3;square;b3]} 24. Bxa7 {[%cal

db3b4,db4a5][%c_arrow b3b4;from;b3;to;b4,b4a5;from;b4;to;a5]} 24... Be5 {[%cal

df4f3,dg2f3][%c_arrow f4f3;from;f4;to;f3,g2f3;from;g2;to;f3]} 25. f3 {[%csl

dg2][%c_square g2;square;g2][%cal da7f2,df2g1][%c_arrow

a7f2;from;a7;to;f2,f2g1;from;f2;to;g1] Stopping ...f3+! and the bishop can come

back to g1 or f2 now.} 25... b6 26. a4! +- {[%cal da4a5,da1a3][%c_arrow

a4a5;from;a4;to;a5,a1a3;from;a1;to;a3] Tal's analysis of this game is

incredible, and he shows that he saw almost all of the relevant computer

analysis and MUCH more in the notes. However, he does miss this computer move

which goes a long way toward securing a win for White. White now has ideas of

a5, Ra3, and sometimes Nb5. The position is still messy, but it's hard to

believe that Tal could have generated his magic from this position if Botvinnik

had defended so perfectly.}) (23. Bxa7? Qa5! ⩱ {traps the bishop.}) 23... Qxb2?

({\"I rejected the continuation in view of the variation\"} 23... Be5! 24. f3

Qxb2 25. Nd1! Qd4 26. Rxc4 Rxc4 27. Rc1 Rxc1 28. Bxc1 Qxd5 29. Bf1 {\"and

Black's three pawns do not outweigh White's extra piece.\"}) 24. Rab1 f3!

{\"Black had placed all of his hopes on this move.\"} 25. Rxb2? (25. Bxf3!

{\"Botvinnik thought that the capture on f3 was advantageous for Black, and

preferred the immediate exchange of queens ... but in his calculations, White

underestimated the strength of Black's 26th move.\"} 25... Bxb1 26. Rxb1 Qc2 27.

Rc1! (27. Be4!! {(Flohr)} 27... Rxe4 28. Nxe4 Qxb1 29. Nxd6 {[%cal

de2e6][%c_arrow e2e6;from;e2;to;e6]} 29... Rf8 30. Qe6+ Kh8 31. Nf7+ Rxf7 (31...

Kg8 32. Nh6+ Kh8 33. Qg8+ Rxg8 34. Nf7#) 32. Qxf7 +-) 27... Qf5 (27... Qb2 28.

Bg4 +-) 28. Bg4 Qe5+ 29. Qxe5 Bxe5+ 30. f4 +- Rxc3 31. Bxc8 {\"this was the move

that had been missed.\"}) 25... fxe2 26. Rb3 Rd4! {\"Black's clumsy rook

suddenly finds colossal strength in the middle of the board.\"} 27. Be1 Be5+ 28.

Kg1 Bf4 ({\"Unfortunately, Black missed a possibility to end the game quickly

and beautifully by\"} 28... Rxc3! 29. Rbxc3 Rd1 {[%cal

de5c3,dd1c1,dd1e1][%c_arrow

e5c3;from;e5;to;c3,d1c1;from;d1;to;c1,d1e1;from;d1;to;e1][%csl de2][%c_square

e2;square;e2]} 30. Rc4 Bb2 -+ {[%cal dd1e1,de1d1,de2e1][%c_arrow

d1e1;from;d1;to;e1,e1d1;from;e1;to;d1,e2e1;from;e2;to;e1]}) 29. Nxe2 Rxc1 30.

Nxd4 Rxe1+ 31. Bf1 Be4 32. Ne2 Be5 33. f4 Bf6 34. Rxb7 Bxd5 35. Rc7 Bxa2 36.

Rxa7 Bc4 37. Ra8+ Kf7 38. Ra7+ Ke6 39. Ra3 d5 40. Kf2 Bh4+ 41. Kg2 Kd6 42. Ng3

Bxg3 43. Bxc4 dxc4 44. Kxg3 {[%csl dc4][%c_square c4;square;c4]} 44... Kd5 45.

Ra7 c3 46. Rc7 Kd4 47. Rd7+ 0-1

[Event "Petrosian - Spassky World Championship Match"]

[Site "Moscow URS"]

[Date "1966.05.02"]

[Round "10"]

[White "Tigran Petrosian"]

[Black "Boris Spassky"]

[Result "1-0"]

[EventDate "?"]

[ECO "E63"]

[WhiteElo "?"]

[BlackElo "?"]

[PlyCount "59"]

{Notes by NM Sam Copeland with quotes from GM Tigran Petrosian.} 1. Nf3 Nf6 2.

g3 g6 3. c4 Bg7 4. Bg2 {[%cal ag2g3,af1g2][%c_arrow

g2g3;from;g2;to;g3,f1g2;from;f1;to;g2]} 4... O-O 5. O-O Nc6 6. Nc3 d6 7. d4 a6

8. d5 Na5 9. Nd2 {[%csl ac4][%c_square c4;square;c4][%cal ag2d5,ae2e4][%c_arrow

g2d5;from;g2;to;d5,e2e4;from;e2;to;e4]} 9... c5 10. Qc2 e5 {\"At this point,

Spassky avoids the theoretical move 10...Rb8. In my view, this early blocking of

the bishop on g7 does not harmonize with stationing the knight on a5. White now

has plenty of freedom in his choice of plans.\"} (10... Rb8 {Is theoretical and

normal.}) 11. b3 Ng4 12. e4 f5 13. exf5 gxf5 {[%cal ag6f5][%c_arrow

g6f5;from;g6;to;f5][%csl ae4][%c_square e4;square;e4]} 14. Nd1!? {[%csl

ae3][%c_square e3;square;e3][%cal af2f3,af3f4][%c_arrow

f2f3;from;f2;to;f3,f3f4;from;f3;to;f4] Petrosian doesn't comment on this move,

but I find it very instructive, the knight defends e3 in preparation for f3 or

sometimes f4, and the knight is likely to land on e3. It did nothing on c3.}

14... b5 15. f3 {\"Hastily played, allowing Black to seize the initiative. White

should have played a preliminary 15.Bb2. Then after (for example), 15...Rb8

16.f3 Nf6 17.Nc3 Bh6 18.Re1, he could gradually improve the placing of his

pieces, while it wouldn't be easy for Black to find an active plan. The play now

becomes sharp, but by no means in a way that favours White.\" In this and many

other comments, Petrosian is very pessimistic. I think this is possibly how he

was so strong in defense, he anticipated his opponents threats far in advance,

and sometimes overestimated them.} (15. Bb2 ⩲) 15... e4 {[%csl aa1][%c_square

a1;square;a1]} (15... Nf6 16. Bb2 ⩲) 16. Bb2 exf3 17. Bxf3 Bxb2 18. Qxb2 {This

transformation might SEEM good for Spassky at first, as he has e5 for the

knight, but he's lost his essential dark-square bishop, and the knight is easily

challenged on e5. Petrosian's queen is also quite powerful.} 18... Ne5 {[%csl

aa5,aa8,ae5][%c_square a5;square;a5,a8;square;a8,e5;square;e5][%cal

ad2f3][%c_arrow d2f3;from;d2;to;f3]} 19. Be2 {[%cal ad2f3][%c_arrow

d2f3;from;d2;to;f3]} 19... f4? {Tactical, but poor according to the engine. The

open lines favor Petrosian as the Na5 and Ra8 are out of play.} 20. gxf4

({\"Black also has a good game after...\"} 20. Rxf4! {Petrosian isn't correct

here. The rook capture is stronger. Black can regain the pawn, but the

initiative will be White's.} 20... Rxf4 21. gxf4 Ng6 {[%csl af4][%c_square

f4;square;f4]} 22. Ne4 Nxf4 23. Ndf2 Ra7 ± {[%cal

ae4f6,af2e4,ag1h1,aa1g1][%c_arrow

e4f6;from;e4;to;f6,f2e4;from;f2;to;e4,g1h1;from;g1;to;h1,a1g1;from;a1;to;g1][%csl

aa5][%c_square a5;square;a5] White has multiple strong moves including Nf6+ and

Ne4 and Kh1.}) 20... Bh3? ({\"Black overrates his position, and the scenario

changes suddenly and drastically. The simple...\"} 20... Rxf4! {\"would have

been good.\" Again, Petrosian is pessimistic, but this WAS the best available

choice.} 21. Rxf4 Qg5+ 22. Kh1 Qxf4 23. Nc3 ± {White is still much better.

Coming soon... Rf1 or Rg1...}) 21. Ne3!! {An outstanding exchange sacrifice.

Petrosian was famous for his positional exchange sacrifices, but this offering

is tactical in nature.} 21... Bxf1 (21... Rxf4! {The last defense.} 22. Rxf4

Qg5+ 23. Kh1 (23. Rg4 {Petrosian's choice, a strong endgame.} 23... Nxg4 24.

Nxg4 Bxg4 25. Bxg4 Qxg4+ 26. Kh1 {[%cal aa1g1][%c_arrow a1g1;from;a1;to;g1]}

26... Qd4 27. Rg1+ Kh8 28. Qxd4+ cxd4 ± {[%cal ag1g4,ad2e4][%c_arrow

g1g4;from;g1;to;g4,d2e4;from;d2;to;e4]}) 23... Qxf4 24. Rg1+ Kh8 25. Rg3 ±

{[%csl aa5][%c_square a5;square;a5] A tactician's choice.}) 22. Rxf1 Ng6 ({'\"It

would have been better to withdraw the knight to d7 and meet 23.Bg4 with

23...Qf6. Resistance would then have been possible.\"} 22... Nd7 23. Kh1! {[%csl

aa5][%c_square a5;square;a5] is winning.}) 23. Bg4 Nxf4 (23... Qf6 {Attempting

to trade queens is the very last try, but Petrosian is probably winning here

too.} 24. Be6+ Kg7 25. Nf5+ Kh8 26. Qxf6+ Rxf6 27. Ne4 +- {[%csl ad6][%c_square

d6;square;d6]}) 24. Rxf4! Rxf4 25. Be6+ Rf7 {[%cal ae6f7][%c_arrow

e6f7;from;e6;to;f7]} (25... Kf8 26. Qh8+ Ke7 27. Qxh7+ {[%cal

ae7f8,ah7h6][%c_arrow e7f8;from;e7;to;f8,h7h6;from;h7;to;h6][%csl af4][%c_square

f4;square;f4]} 27... Kf6 28. Qh6+ Ke5 29. Qg7+ Qf6 (29... Rf6 30. Qg3+ Kd4 31.

Nc2#) 30. Qg3 Kd4 31. Nc2+ Ke5 32. Qe3+) 26. Ne4 {\"A picturesque position.

Black is helpless in spite of being two exchanges up. His knight on a5 passively

witnesses the annihilation of his army.\"} 26... Qh4 (26... Kf8 {The most human

try. Attempting to flee the scene of a coming murder.} 27. Qh8+ Ke7 28. Nf5+

Rxf5 29. Qg7+ Ke8 30. Bxf5 {[%cal ae4d6,ae4f6,af5e6,af5h7,ah7g6][%c_arrow

e4d6;from;e4;to;d6,e4f6;from;e4;to;f6,f5e6;from;f5;to;e6,f5h7;from;f5;to;h7,h7g6;from;h7;to;g6][%csl

ae8][%c_square e8;square;e8]}) 27. Nxd6 Qg5+ 28. Kh1 Ra7 29. Bxf7+ Rxf7 30. Qh8+

{\"A spectacular concluding stroke! Black resigned.\"} 1-0

[Event "Karpov - Kasparov World Championship Match"]

[Site "Moscow URS"]

[Date "1985.10.15"]

[Round "16"]

[White "Anatoly Karpov"]

[Black "Garry Kasparov"]

[Result "0-1"]

[EventDate "?"]

[ECO "B44"]

[WhiteElo "?"]

[BlackElo "?"]

[PlyCount "80"]

{Notes by NM Sam Copeland with quotes from GM Garry Kasparov. \"For many years,

I regarded [this game] as my best creative achievement.\"} 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 e6 3.

d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nc6 5. Nb5 (5. Nc3 {played by Karpov in other match games.})

5... d6 6. c4 Nf6 7. N1c3 a6 8. Na3 d5 $6 {Kasparov's trademark gambit idea in

the match. As we'll see, the line has not stood the test of time, but in the

moment, it worked marvelously.} 9. cxd5 exd5 10. exd5 Nb4 11. Be2 (11. Bc4 Bg4

{was played in a prior game.}) 11... Bc5 $6 {\"This move, which we thought was

very good, was also made quickly and firmly, after which Karpov became anxious

on realising that he had again not guessed the direction of our thorough home

analysis, and that he would have to carry out the main work at the board against

a well­-prepared opponent.\" Can you find the refutation that Geller, Karpov's

second, found, but did NOT tell Karpov about $2} 12. O-O (12. Be3 $1 {\"The

sudden queen check and its consequences were overlooked by me and my trainers!

... Fortunately for me, I brought out my bishop without thinking and did not

notice the reply 12 .Be3. And yet if my opponent had played this or if I had

avoided 11.Bc5, the match could have turned out differ­ently! But fate decreed

otherwise...\"} 12... Bxe3 13. Qa4+ Bd7 14. Qxb4 $16) 12... O-O 13. Bf3 Bf5 14.

Bg5 {\"Karpov simply develops his pieces, hoping that subsequently his extra

pawn will tell. Indeed, how can Black expect to create counterplay? He does not

have any lead in development, and, apart from the knight on a3, all the

opponent's pieces are quite reasonably placed. But Black's position contains

colossal dynamic resources, which are not easy to foresee. The main point is the

immediate prospect of the black pieces seizing all the dominant 'heights' in the

position, and White, strangely enough, has to act very energetically. On the

other hand, it is not easy to force yourself to hurry, when you have an extra

pawn and, at first sight, a solid position. It is possible that, for the entire

first half of the game, Karpov was quite unable to escape from this

psychological impasse.\"} 14... Re8 $1 15. Qd2 $2 {What is Black's best move?

How best to restrict White?} (15. Nc4 $1 {Stockfish approves of this. The knight

on b4 proves to be awkwardly placed.} 15... Bd3 16. Ne3 Bxf1 17. Kxf1 Bxe3 18.

Bxe3 a5 19. a3 Na6 20. Qd4 $14) 15... b5 $1 16. Rad1 Nd3 $1 {\"A cherished leap,

which I first carried out earlier on my pocket set. The knight could not have

dreamed of a better career! It is destined to play a brilliant role in the

ultimate victory. With their excellent ad­vanced outpost at d3, the black pieces

are now ready for a decisive invasion of the enemy position.\"} 17. Nab1 ({\"The

key point of the game. White must recognise the threatened danger of com­plete

suffocation, and urgently undertake something by deciding on some action ...\"}

17. d6 $5 Qxd6 $1 {A fascinating exchange sacrifice!} 18. Bxa8 Rxa8 19. Bxf6

Qxf6 20. Nc2 Nxb2 $15 {That which occurred in thegame was far worse for White.

By retreat­ing his knight, Karpov was probably hop­ing soon to evict the knight

from d3 by Be2. But he is not in fact able to do this.\"}) 17... h6 18. Bh4 b4

$1 {\"Continuing his restriction strategy, Black not only dislodges the knight

on c3 from its good position, but also deprives the knight on b1 of any

future.\"} 19. Na4 Bd6 {\"Now Black's achievements are clearly obvious. White's

minor pieces are scattered about on either wing and are quite unable to

coordinate, the placing of his knights being particularly depressing. But

Black's main achievement is the wonderful Bf5 and Nd3 duo, which completely

paralyses all three of White's major pieces.\"} 20. Bg3 Rc8 21. b3 {\"At first

sight it seems that Black cannot prevent the freeing manoeuvre Na4-b2, but now

fresh forces join the battle.\"} 21... g5 $3 {\"The advance of this modest pawn

finally tips the scales in Black's favour. In a normal situation such a pawn

thrust, weakening the king's position, would be anti-­positional, but here, on

the contrary, it contains a profound positional point\"} 22. Bxd6 (22. Nb2 $2

Nxb2 23. Qxb2 g4 24. Be2 Rc2 $19) 22... Qxd6 23. g3 Nd7 24. Bg2 ({\"Missing the

last opportunity to combat this outpost by 24.Nb2.\"} 24. Nb2 {\"Because of the

mass of tempting possibilities, it is not so easy for Black to choose the

correct course.\"} 24... Qf6 $1 25. Nxd3 $2 (25. Nc4 $1 N7e5 26. Nxe5 Rxe5 $17)

25... Bxd3 26. Qxd3 Ne5 $19) 24... Qf6 $1 {\"The b2-point is conclusively under

Black's control. In contrast to the examined variation with 24.Nb2 Qf6 25.Nc4,

the knight at a4 does not in fact come into play. The fate of the game is

essentially decided as ­the white pieces are completely pinned down within their

own territory.\"} 25. a3 a5 26. axb4 axb4 27. Qa2 Bg6 28. d6 g4 {\"This position

could be used as a striking example on the theme of 'domination' - with the

board full of pieces, White is practically stalemated! It is not surprising that

over his next six moves Karpov used up nearly all of his remaining time before

the control.\"} 29. Qd2 Kg7 30. f3 Qxd6 31. fxg4 Qd4+ 32. Kh1 Nf6 33. Rf4 Ne4

34. Qxd3 Nf2+ 35. Rxf2 Bxd3 36. Rfd2 {\"For an instant, it may seem that White

has managed to extricate himself, but the mirage promptly disappears ...\"}

36... Qe3 37. Rxd3 Rc1 38. Nb2 Qf2 $1 39. Nd2 Rxd1+ (39... Re2) 40. Nxd1 Re1+

{\"Nikitin: 'It was painful to observe how the world champion, as White in a

middle­game with a 'sound' extra pawn and a solid pawn structure, was unable to

find a useful move. His scattered pieces froze on the back ranks as though in a

torpor. The effect of Kasparov's patent move 8...d5 $6 proved stunning, and it

effectively turned the course of the match.'\"} 0-1