学生成功的10个核心理念

对学习的终身热爱，才能激励无限可能和无限潜力。在培养终身学习者的共同使命下，我们非常荣幸能与教育工作者合作，制定综合的扫盲计划，以使学生在学校乃至生活中取得成功。 当我们与全国各地的学校和地区合作时，这些核心理念指导我们的教学方法和全面扫盲方法，以确保学生取得最大的成功。

A lifelong love of learning is an invitation to endless possibilities and unlimited potential. In our shared mission of creating lifelong learners, we take great pride in partnering with educators to develop comprehensive literacy plans that support student success in school and in life. As we partner with schools and districts across the country, core beliefs guide our instructional methodology and approach to comprehensive literacy to ensure the greatest student success.

以下关于学生成功的框架，概述了我们要实现共同目标所必需的综合计划的关键特征。

This framework for student success outlines the key features of a comprehensive plan necessary for supporting our shared goals.

1）真实文本的重要性 The Importance of Authentic Texts

我们使命和理念的核心是这样信念：即每个孩子都应该具备条件去接触，以及具备能力去阅读图书馆或书店中可以找到的复杂书籍。如果我们只为孩子提供专门为学校教学设计、编写的独家文本，我们就会把孩子置于这样的隐患之下，即他们会无意识地内化真实的书籍并不适合自己的看法。 我们越能够让孩子接触到和他们相关并反映他们身份的真实文本，我们就越能帮助孩子变成自信的、有能力的独立阅读者、思想家和学习者。

Central to our mission and philosophy is our conviction that every child should have both the access and the expertise to read complex books that can be found in a library or bookstore. If we only provide children with texts designed, written, and encountered exclusively for instruction in school, we risk children internalizing the idea that real, engaging, and authentic books are not for them. The more we can expose students to authentic texts that provide relevant content and reflect who they are, the more we can help them build their identities as confident and capable independent readers, thinkers, and learners.

2）选择和接触书籍 Choice and Access to Literature

为孩子提供高质量的书籍是一个关乎公平的问题。 Stephen Krashen 2011年的研究表明，接触书籍是学校成功的一个重要因素，正如贫困是一种损害一样。而选择是培养终身热爱阅读和学习的另一个关键因素。允许学生自主选择书籍会让他们更有参与感，从而更有动力去阅读 (Sewell 2003; Gallager 2009; Pruzinsky 2014)。 此外，学乐儿童和家庭阅读报告第6版的调查结果显示，跨越性别和年龄方面的差异，89%的孩子都赞同最喜欢的书籍，就是他们自己挑选的书籍。

Providing our children with high-quality literature is an issue of equity. Stephen Krashen’s research (2011) has demonstrated that access to books is as strong of a factor in school success as poverty is a detriment. Choice is another key element to fostering a lifelong love of reading and learning. Allowing students to self-select their books results in more engagement and thus more motivation to read (Sewell 2003; Gallager 2009; Pruzinsky 2014). Furthermore, findings from the Scholastic Kids & Family Reading Report™: 6th Edition revealed that across gender and age, a majority of kids (89%) agree their favorite books are the ones that they have picked out themselves.

3）社交情感学习 Social-Emotional Learning

孩子需要体验和思考反映现实生活经历的故事，以培养同理心并拓展他们识别角色和同伴情感的能力。家长应该经常鼓励孩子以深入的和个人的方式，去和那些精心挑选的、真实的、促进社交情感学习的书籍清单中的自选书籍联系起来。

社交情感学习，使学生能够“理解和管理情绪，设定并实现积极的目标，感受并表现出对他人的同情，建立和维持积极的关系，做出负责任的决定”(CASEL 2008)。处理自己的情绪并认识他人情绪的能力，对于积极的课堂环境至关重要。 “因为对关系和情感的处理，会影响我们学习的方式和内容。学校和家庭必须有效地解决教育过程中的这些方面，以使所有学生受益”(Elias et al. 1997)。通过对同伴的同情和理解，学生本身也会获得表达自我和学习所需的安全感。

Students need to experience and think about stories that reflect real-life experiences in order to develop empathy and expand their capacity to recognize the emotions of both the characters and their peers. Children should be routinely encouraged to connect in deep and personal ways with self-selected books from carefully curated lists of authentic literature designed to foster social-emotional learning.

Social-emotional learning allows our students to “understand and manage emotions, set and achieve positive goals, feel and show empathy for others, establish and maintain positive relationships, and make responsible decisions” (CASEL 2008). The ability to process one’s own emotions and acknowledge the emotions of others is crucial to a positive classroom environment. “Because relationships and emotional processes affect how and what we learn, schools and families must effectively address these aspects of the educational process for the benefit of all students” (Elias et al. 1997). With a mutual empathy for and an understanding of their peers, students gain the sense of security needed to express themselves and learn.

4）批判性思维 Critical Thinking

通常学生被要求写下事实，而不是问题或者他们的阅读思考。我们提倡不同的方法，即促使学生成为利用自己的能力去推理，反思和建立联系的积极学习者。通过使用高质量的、真实的书籍，孩子们有机会参与到深入的、开放的对话中，以此激发和培养他们的批判性思维能力。

Often students are asked to write down facts rather than question or reflect on their reading. We promote a different approach by prompting students to be active learners who use their abilities to reason, reflect, and make connections. Through the use of quality, authentic literature children have opportunities to engage in deep, open-ended conversations that stimulate and nurture their ability to think critically.

5）标准化告知教学 Standards-Informed Instruction

每个学生都应该有机会接受高质量的教学。我们向教师传授一些关于普遍的识字技能、与这些技能相关的学术语言、以及帮助学生满足标准所需工具的概念性的理解。

Every student should have the opportunity to receive instruction of the highest quality. We equip teachers with a deep conceptual understanding of a number of universal literacy skills, the academic language related to these skills, and the tools necessary to help students meet the nuanced expectations of the standards.

6）读写连接 Reading and Writing Connections

阅读和写作是相互支持的语言过程。 关于阅读的写作，有助于学生构建和关注他们的理解，同时也允许教师评估他们学生的理解 (Serravallo 2012, 2013; Graham and Perin 2007; Graham and Hebert 2010)。 当我们鼓励学生分析和评估他们阅读的内容，然后通过写作建立与文本的个人联系时，我们就培养了强大的读者、作家和思想家。

Reading and writing are mutually supportive language processes. Writing about reading helps readers frame and focus their understanding while allowing teachers to gauge their students’ comprehension (Serravallo 2012, 2013; Graham and Perin 2007; Graham and Hebert 2010). We develop strong readers, writers, and thinkers when we encourage our students to analyze and evaluate what they have read and then make personal connections to the text through their own writing.

7）创新的数字化学习 Innovative Digital Learning

数字化学习对很多学生来说是变革性的。 对一些学生来说，它是一个强大的激励工具。 对其他学生来说，它一个安全的领域，可以来解决他们遇到的、感到困惑的具体技能问题。 我们坚信使用高度自适应的个性化在线资源，来吸引学生进行有目的的独立阅读和自然拼读学习，会使他们获得词汇教学的个性化路径，以及文本沉浸的机会。 这些数字化资源，也为教育工作者提供可操作的数据，在让学生能够独立应用所学知识的同时，为全班和小班的课程教学提供信息。

Digital learning can be truly transformative for many students. For some, it is a powerful motivational tool. For others, it is a safe place to work on specific skills that they maybe struggling with. We believe in using highly adaptive personalized online resources to engage students in purposeful independent reading and phonics, allowing them to receive a personalized path through implicit vocabulary instruction and the opportunity to be immersed in text. These digital resources equip educators with actionable data to inform instruction in whole-class and small-group lessons while giving students the ability to independently apply what they have learned.

8）告知及差异化教学的数据

数字化工具不仅仅是学生的强大动力，它还为教育工作者提供了学生进展的具体洞察。跟踪学生的语言和识字发展，确保他们加深对教育轨迹的理解。同时，教师可以看到哪里需要针对性的教学，哪里可以庆祝学生的成功。

Digital tools are not only a strong motivator for students—they also provide educators with detailed insights into how students are progressing. Tracking students’ language and literacy development ensures that they are deepening their understanding of their educational trajectory while their teachers can see where they need to target instruction, and where they can celebrate student success!

9）专业化学习 Professional Learning

通过专业化学习，为教师提供发展和提高专业知识和实践的丰富机会，这是至关重要的。现场研讨会和个性化辅导，可以帮助教育工作者继续个人成长。为了让学生掌握具有挑战性的内容、解决问题的能力以及进行有效的沟通，教师必须采用更为精尖的教学形式。而有效的专业发展，是教师学会教授这些技能的关键。

It is critically important that professional learning provides rich opportunities for teachers to develop and enhance their professional knowledge and practice. Onsite workshops and personalized coaching can help educators continue their personal growth. In order for students to master challenging content, problem-solving skills, and effective communication, teachers must employ more sophisticated forms of instruction. Effective professional development is key to teachers learning to teach these skills.

10）家庭和社区参与 Family and Community Engagement

超过50年的研究证明了一个简单的事实：当家庭参与孩子的学习时，学生会更加成功。 但是，当地区和学校考虑家庭如何参与时，他们往往很难确定哪种类型的家庭参与会对学生的学习产生积极影响。 根据学乐教师和校长报告，教育工作者认为家庭参与很重要，但四分之三的教育工作者（74％）也表示他们需要帮助。

我们坚信为教育工作者提供信息和策略，以使所有年级的学生家长和照顾者，都能够成为孩子教育的有效管家。

More than 50 years of research proves a simple truth: when families are engaged in their children’s learning, students are more successful. But as districts and schools consider how to engage families, they often struggle to determine what types of family engagement have a positive impact on student learning. According to the Scholastic Teacher & Principal School Report, educators agree that family engagement is important, but three-quarters of educators (74%) also say they need help doing so.

We believe in providing educators with information and strategies to empower parents and caregivers of students at all grade levels to become effective stewards of their children’s education.

除了综合扫盲框架内这些保证学生获得成功的最佳实践之外，您的学校或地区还可以从其他支持中受益，例如努力的读者计划，暑期和延长日计划，幼儿教育资源等。

In addition to these best practices for student success within the comprehensive literacy framework, your school or district may also benefit from additional supports such as programs for striving readers, summer and extended-day programs, early childhood resources, and more.

本文作者：Dr. Karen Burke