2016年普利策公共服务奖 | 泰国虾奴（上）
Global supermarkets selling shrimp peeled by slaves
SAMUT SAKHON, Thailand — Every morning at 2 a.m., they heard a kick on the door and a threat: Get up or get beaten. For the next 16 hours, No. 31 and his wife stood in the factory that owned them with their aching hands in ice water.
泰国龙仔厝。每天凌晨两点，他们听到踢门声和叫骂声：“起床，别找打。”接下来的16个小时，31号和他的妻子站在拥有他们的工厂里，把疼痛的双手插在冰水里。
They ripped the guts, heads, tails and shells off shrimp bound for overseas markets, including grocery stores and all-you-can-eat buffets across the United States.
他们掏掉虾肠、虾头、虾尾和虾壳，这些虾运往海外市场，包括全美国的食品店和自助冷餐馆。
After being sold to the Gig Peeling Factory, they were at the mercy of their Thai bosses, trapped with nearly 100 other Burmese migrants. Children worked alongside them, including a girl so tiny she had to stand on a stool to reach the peeling table. Some had been there for months, even years, getting little or no pay.
被卖到“鱼叉”剥皮工厂后，二人和另外近100名缅甸移民一起被困在这里，命运就归泰国老板掌控了。孩子们也和他们一起工作，甚至还有个小女孩儿必须站在凳子上才够得到剥皮桌。有人在这里数月甚至数年，几乎拿不到薪水。
Pervasive human trafficking has helped turn Thailand into one of the world’s biggest shrimp providers. Despite repeated promises by businesses and government to clean up the country’s $7 billion seafood export industry, an Associated Press investigation has found shrimp peeled by modern-day slaves is reaching the U.S., Europe and Asia.
无处不在的人口贩卖帮助泰国成为世界上最大的虾供应国。尽管行业和政府屡次承诺要清理这个国家70亿美元的海产品出口业，美联社调查显示当代奴隶生产的虾远销美国、欧洲和亚洲。
The problem is fueled by corruption and complicity among police and authorities. Arrests and prosecutions are rare. Raids can end up sending migrants without proper paperwork to jail, while owners go unpunished.
警方和当局的腐败与共谋令问题恶化，逮捕和起诉鲜有发生。整治行动的结果是没有证件的移民被送进监狱，工厂主逍遥法外。
More than 2,000 trapped fishermen have been freed this year as a result of an ongoing Associated Press investigative series into slavery in the Thai seafood industry. The reports also have led to a dozen arrests, millions of dollars’ worth of seizures and proposals for new federal laws.
美联社对泰国海产品业连续报道后，今年超过2000名被困渔民被释放。报道后，数十人被逮捕，查封数百万美元，并提议制定新的联邦法律。
Hundreds of shrimp peeling sheds are hidden in plain sight on residential streets or behind walls with no signs in Samut Sakhon, a port town an hour outside Bangkok.
距离曼谷一个小时车程的港口镇龙仔厝，数百个剥虾棚藏在有标识的居民区或藏在没有标识的墙后。
The AP found one factory that was enslaving dozens of workers, and runaway migrants led rights groups to the Gig shed and a third facility. All three sheds held 50 to 100 people each, many locked inside.
美联社发现一家工厂奴役着数十名工人，逃跑的移民给人权组织引路，来到“鱼叉”棚和另外一家厂子。三个工棚每家有50到100人，许多人被锁在里面。
As Tin Nyo Win soon found out for himself, there’s no easy escape. One woman had been working at Gig for eight years. Another man ended up peeling shrimp there after breaking free from an equally brutal factory.
Tin Nyo Win很快发现，逃跑没那么容易。一个女人在鱼叉干了八年，还有一个男人从另一家同样残酷的工厂逃了出来，结果还是在鱼叉剥虾。
“I was shocked after working there a while, and I realized there was no way out,” said Tin Nyo Win, 22, who has a baby face and teeth stained red from chewing betel nut.
22岁的Tin Nyo Win一张娃娃脸，因为嚼槟榔，牙都红了。他说：“我在这儿干了一阵被震到了，我意识到根本跑不掉。”
“I told my wife, ‘We’re in real trouble. If something ends up going wrong, we’re going to die.’”
“我和我老婆说，‘我们的情况不妙，要是什么出了问题，我们死定了’。”
Last month, AP journalists followed and filmed trucks loaded with freshly peeled shrimp from the Gig shed to major Thai exporting companies and then, using U.S. customs records and Thai industry reports, tracked it globally.
去年，美联社记者跟踪拍摄了装满新鲜虾仁的卡车，卡车从鱼叉工棚到泰国出口公司，通过美国海关纪录和泰国产业报告，追踪到产品在全球的踪迹。
They also traced similar connections from another factory raided six months earlier, and interviewed more than two dozen workers from both sites.
记者还追踪另外一家六个月前被整治的工厂，采访了近三十个工人。
U.S. customs records show the shrimp made its way into the supply chains of major U.S. food stores and retailers such as Wal-Mart, Kroger, Whole Foods, Dollar General and Petco, along with restaurants such as Red Lobster and Olive Garden.
美国海关记录显示虾一路进入主要美国食品商店和零售商的供应链，其中有沃尔玛、克罗格、全食、达乐和Petco宠物店，以及如红龙虾和橄榄花园等饭店。
It also entered the supply chains of some of America’s best-known seafood brands and pet foods, including Chicken of the Sea and Fancy Feast, which are sold in grocery stores from Safeway and Schnucks to Piggly Wiggly and Albertsons. AP reporters went to supermarkets in all 50 states and found shrimp products from supply chains tainted with forced labor.
它还被一些美国最致命的含产品品牌和宠物食品采购，包括海底鸡和珍喜皇馔，这些产品在西夫韦、Schnucks、小猪扭扭和艾伯森等便利店。美联社记者走遍五十个州的超市，都发现有产品来自与强迫劳动有关的供应链。
European and Asian import and export records are confidential, but the Thai companies receiving shrimp tracked by the AP all say they ship to Europe and Asia as well.
欧洲和亚洲的进出口记录是保密的，但美联社追踪到的泰国公司都表示也运到欧洲和亚洲去。
The businesses that responded condemned the practices that lead to these conditions. Many said they were launching investigations when told their supply chains were linked to people held against their will in sheds like the Gig factory, which sat behind a gate off a busy street, between railroad tracks and a river.
这些行业回应谴责导致这种状况的行为，许多人表示得知他们的供应链与在鱼叉工厂这样的工棚里被强迫劳动的人有关，正在展开调查。鱼叉工厂坐落在一条繁华街道的门后，位于铁道和一条河之间。
Inside the large warehouse, toilets overflowed with feces, and the putrid smell of raw sewage wafted from an open gutter just outside the work area. Young children ran barefoot through suffocating dorm rooms. Entire families labored side-by-side at rows of stainless steel counters piled high with tubs of shrimp.
在巨大的仓库中，厕所粪便横流，污水的恶臭从敞口的水沟中飘到工作区中。年轻的孩子们赤脚在令人窒息的宿舍里跑。全家人肩并肩在不锈钢平台上劳作，虾桶堆了老高。
Tin Nyo Win and his wife, Mi San, were cursed for not peeling fast enough and called “cows” and “buffalos.” They were allowed to go outside for food only if one of them stayed behind as insurance against running away.
Tin Nyo Win和妻子Mi San剥虾不够快，被咒骂为“牛”和“水牛”。他俩只有一个人被扣在厂里，另外一个人才允许出去找吃的，以防两人逃跑。
But escaping was all they could think about.
可他们一心想着要逃跑。
Shrimp is the most-loved seafood in the U.S., with Americans downing 1.3 billion pounds every year, or about 4 pounds per person. Once a luxury reserved for special occasions, it became cheap enough for stir-fries and scampis when Asian farmers started growing it in ponds three decades ago.
虾是美国最受欢迎的海产品，美国人每年吃掉13亿磅，没人大概4磅。曾经是特殊场合才吃的豪华菜品，当亚洲农民三十年前开始在池塘中养殖后，便宜到可以烹炸，还能吃到螯虾。
Thailand quickly dominated the market and now sends nearly half of its supply to the U.S.
泰国迅速垄断了市场，美国将近一半的供应来自泰国。
The Southeast Asian country is one of the worst human trafficking hubs on earth. It has been blacklisted for the past two years by the U.S. State Department, which cited complicity by Thai officials.
这个东南亚国家是地球上人口贩卖最为猖獗的地区之一，过去两年，美国国务院将泰国列入黑名单，并指出泰国官员与人贩子沆瀣一气。
The European Union issued a warning earlier this year that tripled seafood import tariffs, and is expected to decide next month whether to impose an outright ban.
今年初，欧盟发出警告，将海产品进口关税提高三倍，下月有望作出决定是否禁止进口。
Consumers enjoy the convenience of dumping shrimp straight from freezer to skillet, the result of labor-intensive peeling and cleaning. Unable to keep up with demand, exporters get their supply from peeling sheds that are sometimes nothing more than crude garages adjacent to the boss’s house.
消费者直接把虾从冰箱中倒进煮锅，这很方面，却也导致了需要大量人力的剥虾和清洗。出口商不能满足需求，就从剥虾棚中进货，这些工棚有时不过是老板家旁的破停车库。
Supply chains are so complicated that, on any given day, buyers may not know exactly where the shrimp comes from.
供应链很复杂，每天购买者都不知道虾从何而来。
The Thai Frozen Foods Association lists about 50 registered shrimp sheds in the country. However, hundreds more operate in Samut Sakhon, the country’s main shrimp processing region. Here the humid air hangs thick with the smell of dead fish.
泰国冷冻食品联盟列出该国约五十个注册虾棚，然而在龙仔厝就有数百个工棚，这里是国家主要的虾处理地区，这里空气潮湿，飘荡着浓浓的死鱼味。
Refrigerated trucks with seafood logos barrel down streets straddled by huge processing plants. Just as ubiquitous are the small pickups loaded with migrant workers from neighboring Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar being taken to gut, fillet, de-vein and peel the seafood that fuels this town’s economy.
带有海产品标识的冷冻车快速驶过两旁是大型处理厂的街道。小皮卡无处不在，载着从邻国柬埔寨、老挝和缅甸来的移民，他们掏内脏、去鱼骨、除虾背、剥海产品，支撑着镇子的经济。
Abuse is common in Samut Sakhon. An International Labor Organization report estimated 10,000 migrant children aged 13 to 15 work in the city. Another U.N. agency study found nearly 60 percent of Burmese laborers toiling in its seafood processing industry were victims of forced labor.
在龙仔厝，虐工很普遍。一家国际劳工组织称，约10000名13到15岁的移民儿童在这个城市工作。另有联合国机构研究发现近60%在海产品加工厂中做苦工的缅甸劳工是强迫劳动的受害者。
Tin Nyo Win and his wife were taken to the Gig Peeling Factory in July when they made the long drive from Myanmar across the border, crammed so tightly into a truck with other workers that they could barely breathe.
七月，Tin Nyo Win和妻子被送到鱼叉剥虾厂，此前他们沿着边境从缅甸长途跋涉，和很多工人挤在让人喘不过气来的卡车里。
Like many migrants, they were lured from home by a broker with promises of good-paying jobs, and came without visas or work permits.
和许多移民一样，家乡的中介许诺可以找到工资高的工作，于是被吸引，没有护照和工作许可前来工作。
After being sold to the Gig shed, the couple learned they would have to work off what was considered their combined worth — $830. It was an insurmountable debt.
被卖到鱼叉工棚后，夫妻二人发现他们必须赚够830美元，这是买他俩的价值，这简直是天债。
Because they were illegal workers, the owners constantly threatened to call police to keep them in line. Even documented migrants were vulnerable because the boss held onto identification papers so they could not leave.
由于是非法劳工，工厂主总是威胁叫警察治他们，就算有身份的移民也处于弱势，因为老板扣住身份证明，他们没法离开。
Under the U.S. government’s definition, forced labor and debt bondage are considered slavery.
按照美国政府的定义，强迫劳动和债奴被定义为奴隶制度。
In the Gig shed, employees’ salaries were pegged to how fast their fingers could move. Tin Nyo Win and his wife peeled about 175 pounds of shrimp for just $4 a day, less than half of what they were promised.
在鱼叉工棚，工人工资与他们手指有多快是挂钩的。Tin Nyo Win夫妇每天剥175磅虾，赚4美元，比他们预想收入的一半还少。
A female Thai manager, who slapped and cursed workers, often cut their wages without explanation. After they bought gloves and rubber boots, and paid monthly “cleaning fees” inside the trash-strewn shed, almost nothing was left.
一个掌掴、咒骂工人的泰国女经理常常没有理由克扣工资。他们购买首套和橡胶靴，支付每月的清洁费后，就几乎分文不剩了，可这里照样垃圾遍布。
Employees said they had to work even when they were ill. Seventeen children peeled alongside adults, sometimes crying, at stations where paint chipped off the walls and slick floors were eaten away by briny water.
工人说他们就算生病也必须要工作。十七名儿童和大人一起工作，有时会哭喊。这里墙壁上的油漆剥落下来，海水侵蚀着湿滑的地板。
Lunch breaks were only 15 minutes, and migrants were yelled at for talking too much. Several workers said a woman died recently because she didn’t get proper medical care for her asthma. Children never went to school and began peeling shrimp just an hour later than adults.
只有十五分钟午餐时间，移民之间互相谈话久了会被呵斥。几个工人说有个女人最近死了，因为她得了哮喘得不到救治。孩子们也不上学，只比大人们晚一个小时就开始剥虾。
“We had to get up at 3 in the morning and then start working continuously,” said Eae Hpaw, 16, whose arms were a patchwork of scars from infections and allergies caused by the shrimp. “We stopped working around 7 in the evening. We would take a shower and sleep. Then we would start again.”
16岁的Eae Hpaw胳膊上布满因剥虾而感染和过敏留下的伤疤，他说：“我们必须凌晨三点起床，然后不停的工作，我们晚上七点休息，冲个澡睡觉，然后接着干活。”
After being roughed up one night by a supervisor, five months into their captivity, Tin Nyo Win and his wife decided they couldn’t take the threats anymore.
”They would say, ‘There’s a gun in the boss’s car and we’re going to come and shoot you, and no one will know,’” he said.
被囚禁五个月后的一天晚上，Tin Nyo Win夫妇被监工殴打，他们决定不再把那些威胁当回事了。“他们会说，老板车里有一把枪，我们会来打死你，没人会知道。”
The next morning, the couple saw an opportunity when the door wasn’t being watched.
第二天早上，夫妇二人抓住门口没有看守的机会。
They ran.
他们逃跑了。
Less than 24 hours later, Tin Nyo Win’s wife was captured at a market by the shed manager. He watched helplessly as she was dragged away by her hair, terrified for her — and the baby they recently learned she was carrying.
不到24个小时，Tin Nyo Win的妻子在一个市场被工棚经理抓到。他眼睁睁看着妻子被人拽着头发拖走，一脸惊恐，被拖走的还有肚子里的孩子，二人最近得知她怀孕了。
未完待续