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时代周刊 | 退欧英国人拉开反精英战争?

2016-06-24 时代周刊 英文联播

The Brexit Vote Is a New Milestone in the Global War on Elites


《经济学人》的头版文章干脆就是A tragic split,《卫报》文章采访了愤怒的年轻人,认为离派剥夺了他们的未来,可《时代周刊》的视角趣味不同,兴许是帮助希拉里讽刺特朗普和桑德斯的写手,也可能暗讽美国乐见其成的不便明说的态度,中东、欧洲都分裂,美国至少也不吃亏。至于中国,一个分裂的欧洲真的有利于各个击破吗?恐怕也没有那么乐观。


In a  for the anti-establishment forces that have upended mainstream politics across the Western world, British voters chose on Thursday to pull their country out of the European Union, sending global markets into a tailspin and encouraging anti-E.U. forces across the continent to push for their own referenda on whether to break away.

颠倒了整个西方世界主流政治的反建制力量正取得令人惊异的胜利,这就是本周四英国选民将他们的国家拉出欧盟,让全球各市场跳水,鼓舞了整个欧洲大陆的反欧盟力量,推动本国的分离议程。


“The E.U. is failing, the E.U. is dying,” declared the leader of the U.K. Independence Party, Nigel Farage, one of the leaders of the campaign for the British exit, or Brexit, from the union formed from the ruins of Europe after World War II. 

“欧盟失败了,欧盟正在死亡。”支持英国退欧的领导人之一英国独立党党魁Nigel Farage说,欧盟是二战后在欧洲废墟上建立起来的。


“It’s a victory against big business…against big politics,” he told reporters early on Friday morning, as the results showed 52% of the votes had been cast in favor of leaving and 48% against.

“这是反对大企业……反对大政治的胜利,”他周五清晨对记者说,当时52%的选票支持离开,48%反对。


That margin of victory –  – did not simply repudiate the British government’s calls for openness and unity with Europe. It also offered a blueprint for how ballot-box insurgencies across the West could, in the course of a single campaign, shatter the legitimacy of the ruling elites.

约130万胜出票数不仅否决了英国政府呼吁公开、呼吁与欧洲保持团结,还勾画了一幅蓝图,即西方的选票箱暴动可以通过一场运动就粉碎统治精英阶级的合法性。


This formula is a familiar one, drawing fuel from a potent mix of xenophobia and angst over the loss of sovereignty and national identity. In the last couple of years, it has been deployed with explosive effects across Europe — and looks set to define the race for the U.S. presidency.

这一公式听来耳熟,它从人民仇外加之对主权、民族身份丧失的愤懑中汲取养分。在过去一些年中,这在全欧洲产生爆炸性效果,并将定义美国大选。


Donald Trump, the Republican presidential candidate,to open a golf resort as the final results were announced, and wasted no time in linking them to his own insurgent campaign. 

共和党总统候选人特朗普刚刚抵英,为一家高尔夫俱乐部剪彩,当时最终结果刚刚宣布,他马上将结果和自己叛逆的选战联系在一起。


British voters had “taken their country back,” he said, echoing a slogan that has helped him win over the base, if not always the old guard, of the Republican Party.

他说英国选民“把他们的祖国收回来了”,这和他赢得共和党支持的口号相同,虽说老共和党人对他不屑一顾。


“In a sense, the result of this referendum is a victory for Trumpism the world over,” says Tony Travers, a noted political scientist in London and adviser to the British parliament. “It definitely has the same roots.” 

伦敦知名政治科学家、英国议会咨议Tony Travers说:“在某个意义上说,公投结果是全世界特朗普主义的胜利,根子上是一样的。”


Trump supporters, much like backers of Brexit, tend to feel that traditional parties have ignored their concerns over migration and economic inequality for too long. Their response has been a wide-ranging revolt against the status quo that has opened the political arena to a variety of upstart candidates for the first time in a generation or more.

特朗普的支持者和退欧的支持者差不多,他们认为传统党派一直忽视了他们对移民和经济不平等的关切。他们的反应是对现状普遍反感,这一情况让各色后起之秀一代人以来头一遭在政治舞台崭露头角。


In France, Denmark, Sweden, Austria and the Netherlands, among other E.U. members, right wing and Eurosceptic parties have made enormous gains in popularity, especially after more than a million asylum seekers poured into Europe last year from across the Middle East and North Africa. 

在法国、丹麦、瑞典、奥地利、荷兰等欧盟成员国,右翼和疑欧派获得巨大民意,尤其当超过一百万难民去年从中东和北非涌入欧洲。


Many of these parties have reacted to the U.K. referendum by urging their countries to follow suit. “Now it’s our turn,” the far-right leader of the Dutch Party for Freedom, Geert Wilders, told a local radio station on Friday.

许多这些党派对英国公投做出反应,敦促本国加以仿效。“轮到你了。”右翼的荷兰自由党领导人Geert Wilders周五对当地广播电台说。


For populists like Trump and Wilders, who have both referred to Islam as a threat to national security, the U.K. referendum has shown how hard it is for established parties to contain public resentments over mass migration and a perceived loss of national control. 

对于特朗普和Wilders这样的民粹主义者而言——他们都认为伊斯兰是国家安全的威胁——英国公投表明,建制党想遏制公众对大规模移民和国家失控的憎恶,却几乎无能为力。


In the end, the most convincing argument for British voters to stay in the E.U. was, “better the devil you know than the devil you don’t,” says Simon Hix, a professor of political science at the London School of Economics.

结果,英国选民留在欧洲最令人信服的理由是——“你了解的魔鬼总比你不了解的好”,伦敦经济学院政治科学教授Simon Hix说。


It didn’t work. Weighed against the prideful nativism that fueled the opposing camp, such appeals proved ineffective in convincing a majority of British voters to stick with the devil they knew. 

这可不管用。与激起对抗的骄傲的本土主义相比,这种说辞是无效的,它无法劝说大多数英国选民继续和他们了解的魔鬼共舞。


Now, the British government will need to renegotiate its trade and political relationship with the European Union over a number of years, amending or repealing many of the laws and regulations that bind its state institutions with those of other members states.

现在,英国政府需要在未来数年重新和欧盟谈判贸易和政治关系,修改或废止众多将国家与其他欧盟成员绑在一起的法律、法规。


It will be a gargantuan effort that Prime Minister David Cameron, for one, . He said Friday he would not lead the country beyond September, as the voters had rejected his pleas for the U.K. to stay in the E.U. “I do not think it would be right for me to be the captain that steers our country to its next destination,” Cameron said.

这种巨量的任务首相卡梅伦不准备插手。他周五表示,选民拒绝留在欧洲的请求,他还是会领导国家直到九月后。“我认为不该是我引航我们的国家驶向下一站。”


That destination looked so uncertain to financial markets on Friday that the British pound lost about 12% of its value against the dollar in the course of six hours, marking the steepest plunge on record. 

下一站对周五的金融市场而言如此不确定,六小时内英镑兑美元跌12%,创最大跌幅纪录。


The Bank of England, the country’s central bank, tried to reassure the markets that it would “take all necessary steps” to maintain financial stability. But stock markets around the world still went into freefall, with Europe’s main indexes losing 8% in morning trading.

央行英格兰银行试图安抚市场,表示将“采取一切必要步骤”保持金融稳定。但全球股市跳水,欧洲主要股指早市下跌8%。


As these  began to set in, some supporters of the Brexit had second thoughts about their decision. “I have a heavy heart this morning,” says Chris Morris, a 69-year-old cab driver in London.

这些经济现实显现出来,一些退欧支持者又犹豫了。“今天早上我心情沉重。”伦敦69岁的出租车司机Chris Morris说。


“It won’t affect me too much. I’m old. I got no debts. But I do worry for my daughters who have mortgages to pay,” he says. The referendum, however, cannot be taken back. “So we just have to wait and see what happens,” Moriss says. “It’s in the lap of the gods now.”

Morris说:“对我影响不大,我老了,我不欠债。可我为我女儿担心,她有按揭。”然而公投已无法挽回了。“因此只有走着瞧,让老天做决定吧。”



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