斯皮尔伯格在哈佛大学的演讲
精读 | 写作
https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=n0302w09vgr&width=500&height=375&auto=0
Thank you, thank you, President Faust, and Paul Choi, thank you so much.
谢谢，谢谢，福斯特校长，崔民主，非常感谢。
It's an honor and a thrill to address this group of distinguished alumni and supportive friends and kvelling parents. We've all gathered to share in the joy of this day, so please join me in congratulating Harvard's Class of 2016.
很荣幸，受宠若惊，能在出色的校友、慷慨的朋友和自豪的家长面前发表演讲。我们汇聚于此，分享今天的快乐，请和我一起祝贺哈佛大学2016届毕业生。
I can remember my own college graduation, which is easy, since it was only 14 years ago. How many of you took 37 years to graduate? Because, like most of you, I began college in my teens, but sophomore year, I was offered my dream job at Universal Studios, so I dropped out. I told my parents if my movie career didn't go well, I'd re-enroll.
我还记得我自己的大学毕业典礼，这不难，不过是14年前的事。你们当中有多少人用了37年才毕业呢？就像你们中的多数人一样，我十几岁进入大学，但大二时我在环球影城找到一份梦想工作，于是我辍学了。我对我的父母说，如果我的电影事业不顺，我就重新入学。
It went all right.
可事业发展得还不错。
But eventually, I returned for one big reason. Most people go to college for an education, and some go for their parents, but I went for my kids. I'm the father of seven, and I kept insisting on the importance of going to college, but I hadn't walked the walk. So, in my fifties, I re-enrolled at Cal State - Long Beach, and I earned my degree.
但是我最后还是回到了学校，主要有一个原因，很多人为了受教育上大学，有的人为了父母，而我为了我的孩子去读书。我是七个孩子的爸爸，我总是强调上大学的重要性，可我自己都没读完。所以在我50多岁的时候，我重新进入加州州立大学长滩分校，获得学位。
I just have to add: It helped that they gave me course credit in paleontology for the work I did on Jurassic Park. That's three units for Jurassic Park, thank you.
我必须补充一点，多亏我在拍《侏罗纪公园》时做的功课，我获得了考古学的学分。《侏罗纪公园》换了3个学分，谢谢。
Well, I left college because I knew exactly what I wanted to do, and some of you know, too - but some of you don't. Or maybe you thought you knew but are now questioning that choice. Maybe you're sitting there trying to figure out how to tell your parents that you want to be a doctor and not a comedy writer.
我离开大学是因为我很清楚我想做什么。你们中的一些人也知道，但是有些人还没弄明白。或者你以为你知道，但是现在开始质疑这个决定。或者就坐在这里，试着想想怎么告诉你的父母，你想成为一名医生，而不是喜剧编剧。
Well, what you choose to do next is what we call in the movies the 'character-defining moment.' Now, these are moments you're very familiar with, like in the last Star Wars: The Force Awakens, when Rey realizes the force is with her. Or Indiana Jones choosing mission over fear by jumping over a pile of snakes.
接下来要做的事，在我们这行叫做“定义角色的时刻”，这是你非常熟悉的场景，比如在最新一部《星球大战：原力觉醒》中，女主角Rey发现自己拥有原力的那一刻，或是《夺宝奇兵》里印第安纳·琼斯跳过蛇堆、战胜恐惧并完成任务的时候。
Now in a two-hour movie, you get a handful of character-defining moments, but in real life, you face them every day. Life is one strong, long string of character-defining moments. And I was lucky that at 18 I knew what I exactly wanted to do. But I didn't know who I was. How could I? And how could any of us? Because for the first 25 years of our lives, we are trained to listen to voices that are not our own. Parents and professors fill our heads with wisdom and information, and then employers and mentors take their place and explain how this world really works.
一部两小时的电影里有几个定义角色的时刻，但是在真实的生活中，你每天都在面对这样的时刻。生活就是一连串强有力的定义角色的时刻。我非常幸运，18岁时就知道我想要什么，但我不知道我是谁。我怎么会知道呢？我们中任何一个人都不知道。因为在生命的头二十五年里，我们被训练去倾听他人，除了自己。父母和教授们把智慧和信息塞进我们的脑袋，然后雇主和导师替换上场，向我们解释这个世界到底是怎么一回事。
And usually these voices of authority make sense, but sometimes, doubt starts to creep into our heads and into our hearts. And even when we think, 'that's not quite how I see the world,' it's kind of easier to just to nod in agreement and go along, and for a while, I let that going along define my character. Because I was repressing my own point of view, because like in that Nilsson song, 'Everybody was talkin' at me, so I couldn't hear the echoes of my mind.'
通常这些权威声音是有道理的，但有些时候，质疑会钻进你的脑子和心底，就算我们觉得“这好像不太符合我看世界的方式”，点头表示赞同也是更容易做的事。有一段时间里，我就让“附和”定义了自己。因为我压抑了自己的想法，就像尼尔森歌里唱的那样：“每个人都在对我说话，我听不见思考的回声。”
And at first, the internal voice I needed to listen to was hardly audible, and it was hardly noticeable - kind of like me in high school. But then I started paying more attention, and my intuition kicked in.
一开始，我要倾听的内心声音几乎听不清楚，也难以察觉，就像高中时的我。但是之后我开始更加注意这些声音，然后我的直觉开始工作了。
And I want to be clear that your intuition is different from your conscience. They work in tandem, but here's the distinction: Your conscience shouts, 'here's what you should do,' while your intuition whispers, 'here's what you could do.' Listen to that voice that tells you what you could do. Nothing will define your character more than that.
我想告诉你，你的直觉和你的良心是不同的事物。它们会协力工作，但不同的是：你的良心会呼喊“你应当这样做”，而你的直觉只会低语“你可以那样做”。请倾听那个告诉你可以如何去做的声音，没有什么比这更能定义你的角色的了。
But then I directed The Color Purple. And this one film opened my eyes to experiences that I never could have imagined, and yet were all too real. This story was filled with deep pain and deeper truths, like when Shug Avery says, 'Everything wants to be loved.' My gut, which was my intuition, told me that more people needed to meet these characters and experience these truths. And while making that film, I realized that a movie could also be a mission.
当我执导《紫色》的时候，这部电影让我体验了我从未想象过却如此真实的感受。这个故事充斥深刻的痛苦和更深刻的真理，正如莎格·艾维利所说，任何东西都想被爱。”我的直觉告诉我，更多的人需要来认识这样的角色，来体验这样的真理。在导演这部电影时，我突然发现一部电影也可以是一种使命。
I hope all of you find that sense of mission. Don't turn away from what's painful. Examine it. Challenge it.
我希望你们所有人都能找到这样的使命感。不要逃避让你痛苦的事。研究它、挑战它。
My job is to create a world that lasts two hours. Your job is to create a world that lasts forever. You are the future innovators, motivators, leaders and caretakers.
我的工作是要构筑一个只有两个小时的世界，你的工作却要建个一直持续下去的世界。你们是未来的创新者、激励者、领导者和守护者。
And the way you create a better future is by studying the past. Jurassic Park writer Michael Crichton, who graduated from both this college and this medical school, liked to quote a favorite professor of his who said that if you didn't know history, you didn't know anything. You were a leaf that didn't know it was part of a tree. So history majors: Good choice, you're in great shape...Not in the job market, but culturally.
研究过去，才能建造一个更好的未来。《侏罗纪公园》的编剧迈克尔·克莱顿从这所大学的医学院毕业。他喜欢引用自己最喜欢的一位教授的话，他说如果你不懂历史，那么你一无所知。你是一片树叶，不知道自己只是树的一部分。所以主修历史的同学们，很棒的选择，你的前景不错……不是在就业市场上，从文化上来说是这样的。
The rest of us have to make a little effort. Social media that we're inundated and swarmed with is about the here and now. But I've been fighting and fighting inside my own family to get all my kids to look behind them, to look at what already has happened. Because to understand who they are is to understand who we were, and who their grandparents were, and then, what this country was like when they emigrated here. We are a nation of immigrants - at least for now.
我们其他人就要多努力了。淹没和吞噬了我们的社交媒体让我们只关乎当下，但我和家里人都不断努力，让我所有的孩子们能透过这些，去看看过去发生过的事情。因为要知道他们是谁，就要去理解我们曾经是谁，他们的祖父母是谁，以及当他们移民到这个国家来的时候，这个国家到底是什么样。我们是一个移民国家——至少现在还是。
译注：斯皮尔伯格开始黑特朗普了。黑川普的还有另一个“伯格”布隆伯格——很多叫“伯格”的是犹太人，例如……扎克伯格。
So, to me, this means we all have to tell our own stories. We have so many stories to tell. Talk to your parents and your grandparents, if you can, and ask them about their stories. And I promise you, like I have promised my kids, you will not be bored.
因此对我而言，这意味着我们必须讲述我们自己的故事。我们有很多要讲的故事。如果可以的话，和你的父母和祖父母谈谈，了解他们的故事。我向你们保证，我也向我的孩子们保证，绝不会无聊。
And that's why I so often make movies based on real-life events. I look to history not to be didactic, 'cause that's just a bonus, but I look because the past is filled with the greatest stories that have ever been told. Heroes and villains are not literary constructs, but they're at the heart of all history.
这就是为什么我经常就会导演由真实事件改编的电影。我回顾历史并不是为了说教，那只是额外的好处，我回顾历史因为过去有很多伟大的故事。好人和恶棍不是文学塑造出来的，他们处于在一切历史的中心。
And again, this is why it's so important to listen to your internal whisper. It's the same one that compelled Abraham Lincoln and Oskar Schindler to make the correct moral choices. In your defining moments, do not let your morals be swayed by convenience or expediency. Sticking to your character requires a lot of courage. And to be courageous, you're going to need a lot of support.
这就是为什么倾听你内心的轻语如此重要，这与驱使亚伯拉罕·林肯和奥斯卡·辛德勒做出正确道德选择的东西是一样的。在你的“定义角色的时刻”里，不要让你的道德被便利或者权宜左右，忠于你的角色需要很多勇气，变得勇敢，你需要很多支持。
And if you're lucky, you have parents like mine. I consider my mom my lucky charm. And when I was 12 years old, my father handed me a movie camera, the tool that allowed me to make sense of this world. And I am so grateful to him for that. And I am grateful that he's here at Harvard, sitting right down there.
如果幸运的话，你的父母会和我的一样，我就认为我妈妈是我的幸运星。我十二岁的时候，父亲给了我一台摄影机，一台让我理解这个世界的工具，因此我非常感谢他。我感谢他也来到了哈佛，他就坐在下面。
My dad is 99 years old, which means he's only one year younger than Widener Library. But unlike Widener, he's had zero cosmetic work. And dad, there's a lady behind you, also 99, and I'll introduce you after this is over, okay?
我父亲99岁了，只比怀德纳图书馆小一岁。但和怀德纳不同，他没做任何装点门面的事。爸爸，你身后还有一位女士，一样99岁了，演讲结束后我介绍你认识，好不好？
But look, if your family's not always available, there's backup. Near the end of It's a Wonderful Life - you remember that movie, It's a Wonderful Life? Clarence the Angel inscribes a book with this: "No man is a failure who has friends." And I hope you hang on to the friendships you've made here at Harvard. And among your friends, I hope you find someone you want to share your life with.
但是，如果你的家人并不总是支持你，还有后备选择。在《生活多美好》剧终前，天使Clarence在一本书上题写了这句话：“有朋友的人，不会是生活的失败者。”我希望你们珍惜在哈佛建立的友谊。在你的朋友之中，我希望你们找到与你共享生活的另一半。
I imagine some of you in this yard may be a tad cynical, but I want to be unapologetically sentimental. I spoke about the importance of intuition and how there's no greater voice to follow. That is, until you meet the love of your life. And this is what happened when I met and married Kate, and that became the greatest character-defining moment of my life.
我猜想你们中的一些人对此表示不屑，但我偏偏是要如此感性。我谈了直觉的重要性，我说除了直觉没有更值得追随的声音，直到你遇到你一生最爱。我与妻子相恋并结婚的经历就是如此，这成为了我生活中最重要的“定义角色的时刻”。
Love, support, courage, intuition. All of these things are in your hero's quiver, but still, a hero needs one more thing: A hero needs a villain to vanquish. And you're all in luck. This world is full of monsters. And there's racism, homophobia, ethnic hatred, class hatred, there's political hatred, and there's religious hatred.
爱、支持、勇气、直觉。所有的这些都在你英雄的箭袋之中，但是英雄还需要一件东西——英雄需要一个去消灭的恶棍。而你们所有人都很幸运，这个世界充满了怪物——种族歧视、恐同、种族仇恨、阶级仇恨，还有政治仇恨和宗教仇恨。
As a kid, I was bullied - for being Jewish. This was upsetting, but compared to what my parents and grandparents had faced, it felt tame. Because we truly believed that anti-Semitism was fading. And we were wrong. Over the last two years, nearly 20,000 Jews have left Europe to find higher ground. And earlier this year, I was at the Israeli embassy when President Obama stated the sad truth. He said: 'We must confront the reality that around the world, anti-Semitism is on the rise. We cannot deny it.'
还是孩子时，我因为是犹太人而被人欺负。这让人丧气，但是与我父母和祖父母曾经面对的事情比起来，这算得了什么。我们都真的以为反犹太运动正在退潮，但我们错了。在过去两年间，有大约两万犹太人离开欧洲寻找更好的生存之地。今年早些时候，我在以色列大使馆听奥巴马总统陈述了一个悲惨的现实。他说：“反犹运动日益猖獗，这发生在全球各地，这是我们需要面对的事实。我们不能否认它。”
My own desire to confront that reality compelled me to start, in 1994, the Shoah Foundation. And since then, we've spoken to over 53,000 Holocaust survivors and witnesses in 63 countries and taken all their video testimonies. And we're now gathering testimonies from genocides in Rwanda, Cambodia, Armenia and Nanking. Because we must never forget that the inconceivable doesn't happen - it happens frequently. Atrocities are happening right now. And so we wonder not just, 'When will this hatred end?' but, 'How did it begin?'
我正视这一事实的强烈愿望驱使我1994年成立了大屠杀真相基金会，从那以后我们采访了63个国家5.3万名大屠杀的幸存者或目击者，录制了他们所有人的证词。现在我们还在收集卢旺达、柬埔寨、亚美尼亚以及南京大屠杀的证词。因为我们永远都不要忘记那些难以想象的罪恶发生了，并且时有发生。暴行也仍在发生。所以我们不能只去想“仇恨何时才会停止？”而是“它是怎么开始的？”
Now, I don't have to tell a crowd of Red Sox fans that we are wired for tribalism. But beyond rooting for the home team, tribalism has a much darker side. Instinctively and maybe even genetically, we divide the world into 'us' and 'them.' So the burning question must be: How do all of us together find the 'we?' How do we do that?
我想不需要向一群红袜队的球迷解释为什么说我们仍践行部族文化，但除了为主队加油之外，部族文化有它更为阴暗的一面。这是由本能或是基因决定的，我们把世界分成“我们”和“他们”，所以棘手的问题是，我们所有人怎样一起发现一个“我们”？应当如何去做？
There's still so much work to be done, and sometimes I feel the work hasn't even begun. And it's not just anti-Semitism that's surging - Islamophobia's on the rise, too. Because there's no difference between anyone who is discriminated against, whether it's the Muslims, or the Jews, or minorities on the border states, or the LGBT community - it is all big one hate.
我们仍旧有许多的工作要做，有的时候我甚至觉得这一事业还没开始。这不仅是反犹太运动抬头，伊斯兰恐惧症也在抬头。因为那些被歧视的人群之间是没有区别的，不管他们是穆斯林、犹太人、边境州里的弱势人群，或者是同性恋、双性恋及变性者社群——他们遭受的都是同样的仇恨。
译注：句句针对特朗普先生哦。
And to me, and, I think, to all of you, the only answer to more hate is more humanity. We gotta repair - we have to replace fear with curiosity. 'Us' and 'them' - we'll find the 'we' by connecting with each other. And by believing that we're members of the same tribe. And by feeling empathy for every soul - even Yalies.
对我来说，我想对你们也一样，只能用更多的人性来对抗更多的仇恨。我们需要修补，用好奇替代恐惧。至于“我们”和“他们”，我们通过建立人与人的联系来找到共同的“我们”。我们要相信我们是同一个部落的成员。我们对所有的人都要有同情心——哪怕对“友校”耶鲁人也要如此。
My son graduated from Yale, thank you…
我的儿子就是从耶鲁毕业的，谢谢…
But make sure this empathy isn't just something that you feel. Make it something you act upon. That means vote. Peaceably protest. Speak up for those who can't and speak up for those who may be shouting but aren't being hard. Let your conscience shout as loud as it wants if you're using it in the service of others.
但是要确保“人同此心”不只是你的感受，要让其成为你采取行动的原则。这是指投票、和平抗议、为那些不能为自己发声或者已经声嘶力竭却无法让人注意的人发声。让你的良心尽情疾呼，如果你致力用良心来服务他人。
And as an example of action in service of others, you need to look no further than this Hollywood-worthy backdrop of Memorial Church. Its south wall bears the names of Harvard alumni - like President Faust has already mentioned - students and faculty members, who gave their lives in World War II. All told, 697 souls, who once tread the ground where stand now, were lost. And at a service in this church in late 1945, Harvard President James Conant - which President Faust also mentioned - honored the brave and called upon the community to 'reflect the radiance of their deeds.'
作为为他人服务的行动榜样，你只需要看看这座像好莱坞场景般的纪念教堂。它的南墙上是哈佛校友们的名字，福斯特校长已经说过，他们是在第二次世界大战中牺牲的哈佛学生和教职员工。697个人，他们曾经在你站着的地方逗留过，697条生命消逝。在1945年纪念教堂举行的追思会上，柯南特校长纪念这些勇敢的人们，并号召哈佛人身上要“反射出他们壮举的荣光”。
Seventy years later, this message still holds true. Because their sacrifice is not a debt that can be repaid in a single generation. It must be repaid with every generation. Just as we must never forget the atrocities, we must never forget those who fought for freedom. So as you leave this college and head out into the world, continue please to 'reflect the radiance of their deeds,' or as Captain Miller in Saving Private Ryan would say, "Earn this."
70年后，这句话仍然适用。因为他们所做出的牺牲不是一代人就能报答的。每一代人都应该去回报他们，就像我们永远不该忘记那些恶行，我们永远也不应当忘记那些为自由而战的人。所以当你离开这所学校进入世界，请继续“反射出他们壮举的荣光”，或者像《拯救大兵瑞恩》里米勒上尉说的“莫辜负”。
And please stay connected. Please never lose eye contact. This may not be a lesson you want to hear from a person who creates media, but we are spending more time looking down at our devices than we are looking in each other's eyes. So, forgive me, but let's start right now. Everyone here, please find someone's eyes to look into. Students, and alumni and you too, President Faust, all of you, turn to someone you don't know or don't know very well. They may be standing behind you, or a couple of rows ahead. Just let your eyes meet. That's it. That emotion you're feeling is our shared humanity mixed in with a little social discomfort.
此外，请保持彼此的联系，别视而不见。这可能不是你想从一个创作媒体作品的人这里听到的一课，但是我们花越来越多的时间低头看手机，而不是注视别人的眼睛。所以请原谅我，现在所有人，请找一双眼睛深刻凝视。学生们、校友们一起来，福斯特校长、你们所有人，转向一位你不认识或者不熟悉的人，对视，仅此而已。你所感受到的是我们共同拥有的人性，尽管掺杂着一丝社交不适感。
But, if you remember nothing else from today, I hope you remember this moment of human connection. And I hope you all had a lot of that over the past four years. Because today you start down the path of becoming the generation on which the next generation stands. And I've imagined many possible futures in my films, but you will determine the actual future. And I hope that it's filled with justice and peace.
如果你今天什么都没记住，我希望你能记住这一刻人与人之间的联系。我希望过去四年中，你们经历了很多这样的时刻。因为从今天开始，你们会像前辈一样，托起下一代人。我在我的电影里幻想过很多不同的未来，但是你们会决定未来的实际模样。我希望，这样的未来充满公正与和平。
And finally, I wish you all a true, Hollywood-style happy ending. I hope you outrun the T. rex, catch the criminal and for your parents' sake, maybe every now and then, just like E.T.: Go home. Thank you.
最后，我祝愿大家好莱坞式的大团圆结局成真。祝你们能跑过暴龙、抓住罪犯，为了你们的父母，也别忘了像E.T.那样常回家看看。谢谢。
写作
在某种意义上说，做得好不如说得好，这是民主社会的根本性问题；可从唯物史观的角度说，既然人民创造了历史，英雄的作用是激励人民，这也没什么不好。想想那些青史留名的人，大多有一篇成功的演讲——林肯和《葛底斯堡的演讲》、罗斯福和《我们唯一害怕的是害怕本身》、马丁-路德-金和《我有一个梦想》、曼德拉和《我愿为理想付出生命》……如何准备一篇成功的演讲呢？其实并没有一定之法，有的激情澎湃，有的娓娓道来，有的简约隽永，演讲如同其人。
一、讲自己的故事。人们都关心别人是怎么生活的，名人尤其如是。
A journey that started soon after we arrived in Washington when they set off for their first day at their new school. I will never forget that winter morning as I watched our girls, just 7 and 10 years old, pile into those black SUVs with all those men with guns. And with all their little faces pressed up against the window, and the only thing I could think was, 'What have we done?'
我们住进白宫后，她们在新学校开始了新的旅程。我不会忘记那个冬天的早晨，我看着我们的女儿，一个7岁，一个10岁，被塞进黑色的SUV，护送的人荷枪实弹。她们的小脸蛋贴在窗户上，我心里想得是“我们到底做了些什么？”
二、心灵鸡汤。心灵鸡汤都有关键词……例如compassion（同情）、conviction（信念）、empathy（人同此心）、curiosity（好奇心）等等。
The Spirit of Man | 人类的精神——威廉·福克纳
He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance.
人之不朽不是因为在动物中唯独他永远能发言，而是因为他有灵魂，有同情心、牺牲和忍耐精神。
Tribute to Diana | 致戴安娜——查尔斯·斯宾塞
Diana was the very essence of compassion, of duty, of style, of beauty. All over the world she was a symbol of selfless humanity. All over the world, a standard bearer for the right of the truly downtrodden, a very British girl who transcend nationality, someone with a natural nobility who was classless.
在全世界，戴安娜是同情心、责任心、风度和美丽的化身，是无私和人道的象征，是维护真正被践踏的权益的旗手，是一个超越国界的英国女孩，是一个带有自然的高贵气质的人，是一个不分阶层的人。
Grab Your Dreams When It Shows Up | 当梦想来临时抓住它——拉里·佩奇
Overall, I know it seems like the world is crumbling out there, but it is actually a great time in your life to get a little crazy, follow your curiosity, and be ambitious about it. Don't give up on your dreams. The world needs you all!总而言之，我知道这个世界看起来已支离破碎，但这确实是你们人生中一个伟大的时代，你们可以疯狂一点，追随你们的好奇心，积极进取。不要放弃梦想。世界需要你们。
Love, support, courage, intuition. All of these things are in your hero's quiver, but still, a hero needs one more thing: A hero needs a villain to vanquish. And you're all in luck. This world is full of monsters. And there's racism, homophobia, ethnic hatred, class hatred, there's political hatred, and there's religious hatred.
爱、支持、勇气、直觉。所有的这些都在你英雄的箭袋之中，但是英雄还需要一件东西——英雄需要一个去消灭的恶棍。而你们所有人都很幸运，这个世界充满了怪物。有种族歧视、恐同、种族仇恨、阶级仇恨，还有政治仇恨和宗教仇恨。
三、讲几个笑话。
And by feeling empathy for every soul - even Yalies.
同情每个灵魂，甚至耶鲁人。
A couple of days later, I saw her again. I remember, she was wearing a long, white, flowery skirt. And I went up to her and she said she was going to register for classes for the next term. And I said I’d go, too. And we stood in line and talked — you had to do that to register back then — and I thought I was doing pretty well until we got to the front of the line and the registrar looked up and said, Bill, what are you doing here, you registered morning?
几天后，我又看到她。我记得，她穿着白色的碎花长裙，我走过去，她说她正打算为下学期选课。我说我也去，我们排队的时候聊了起来——当时还必须选课——我觉得自己表现还不错，直到排到了前边，选课员抬头对我说，比尔，你在这里干什么，早上不是选完了吗？
口语
Being honest. NOT lying. But...we must agree, sometimes the truth hurts, right? And if YOUR TRUTH hurts someone, then you need to know the expression in today's podcast.