继续挑战中国社会科学院博士生入学考试英语试卷

PART III: Reading and Writing 

Section A (10 points) Directions: Some sentences have been removed in the following text. Choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the blanks. There are two extra choices which do not fit in any of the blanks.

 But there is of culture another view, in which not solely the scientific passion, the sheer desire to see things as they are, natural and proper in an intelligent being, appears as the ground of it. There is a view in which all the love of our neighbor, the impulses towards action, help, and beneficence, the desire for removing human error, clearing human confusion, and diminishing human misery, the noble aspiration to leave the world better and happier than we found it, --motives eminently such as are called social--come in as part of the grounds of culture, and the main and 11 preeminent part. Culture is then properly described not as having its origin in curiosity, but as having its origin in the love of perfection; it is a study of perfection. (41) ____________________. 

Religion says: The Kingdom of God is within you; (42) ____________________. It places it in the ever-increasing efficacy and in the general harmonious expansion of those gifts of thought and feeling, which make the peculiar dignity, wealth, and happiness of human nature. As I have said on a former occasion: ―It is in making endless additions to itself, in the endless expansion of its powers, in endless growth in wisdom and beauty, that the spirit of the human race finds its ideal. To reach this ideal, culture is an indispensable aid, and that is the true value of culture.‖ Not a having and a resting but a growing and a becoming, is the character of perfection as culture conceives it; and here, too, it coincides with religion…

 If culture, then, is a study of perfection, and of harmonious perfection, general perfection, and perfection which consists in becoming something rather than in having something , in an inward condition of the mind and spirit, not in an outward set of circumstances, it is clear that culture… has a very important function to fulfill for mankind. And this function is particularly important in our modern world, of which the whole civilization is, to a much greater degree than the civilization of Greece and Rome, mechanical and external, and tends constantly to become more so. (43)_______________________. 

The pursuit of perfection, then, is the pursuit of sweetness and light… culture has one great passion, the passion for sweetness and light. It has one even yet greater! --the passion for making them prevail. It is not satisfied till we all come to a perfect man; it knows that the sweetness and light of the few must be imperfect until the raw and unkindled masses of humanity are touched with sweetness and light. If I have not shrunk from saying that we must work for sweetness and light, so neither have I shrunk from saying that we must have a broad basis, must have sweetness and light for as many as possible… (44) _______________________.

 (45) ________________________. The great men of culture are those who have had a passion for diffusing, for making prevail, for carrying from one end of society to the other, the best knowledge, the best ideas of their time; who have labored to divest knowledge of all that was harsh, uncouth, difficult, abstract, professional , exclusive; to humanize it, to make it efficient outside the clique of the cultivated and learned, yet still remaining the best knowledge and thought of the time, and a true source, therefore, of sweetness and light. 

 A. Culture seeks to make the best that has been thought and known in the world current everywhere; to make all men live in an atmosphere of sweetness and light, where they may use ideas, as it uses them itself, freely, --- nourished, and not bound by them. 

B. This is the social idea; and the men of culture are the true apostles of equality. 

C. It moves by the force, not merely or primarily of the scientific passion for pure knowledge, but also of the moral and social passion for doing good.

 D. All these things ought to be done merely by the way: the formation of the spirit and character must be our real concern. 

E. They humanized knowledge; because they broadened the basis of life and intelligence; because they worked powerfully to diffuse sweetness and light. 

F. And culture, in like manner, places human perfection in an internal condition, in the growth and predominance of our humanity proper, as distinguished from our animality. 

G. But above all in our own country has culture a weighty part to perform, because here that 12 mechanical character, which civilization tends to take everywhere, is shown in the most eminent degree. 

Section B (10 points) 

Directions: Write a 100—120-word summary of the article in this part.