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收藏长文|Java 代码精简之道
The following article is from 阿里巴巴中间件 Author 常意
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古语有云:
道为术之灵,术为道之体;以道统术,以术得道。
1.利用语法
1.1.利用三元表达式
普通:
String title;
if (isMember(phone)) {
title = "会员";
} else {
title = "游客";
}
String title = isMember(phone) ? "会员" : "游客";
1.2.利用 for-each 语句
double[] values = ...;
for(int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
double value = values[i];
// TODO: 处理value
}
List<Double> valueList = ...;
Iterator<Double> iterator = valueList.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Double value = iterator.next();
// TODO: 处理value
}
double[] values = ...;
for(double value : values) {
// TODO: 处理value
}
List<Double> valueList = ...;
for(Double value : valueList) {
// TODO: 处理value
}
1.3.利用 try-with-resource 语句
所有实现 Closeable 接口的“资源”,均可采用 try-with-resource 进行简化。
BufferedReader reader = null;
try {
reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("cities.csv"));
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
// TODO: 处理line
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("读取文件异常", e);
} finally {
if (reader != null) {
try {
reader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("关闭文件异常", e);
}
}
}
try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("test.txt"))) {
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
// TODO: 处理line
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("读取文件异常", e);
}
1.4.利用 return 关键字
public static boolean hasSuper(@NonNull List<UserDO> userList) {
boolean hasSuper = false;
for (UserDO user : userList) {
if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(user.getIsSuper())) {
hasSuper = true;
break;
}
}
return hasSuper;
}
public static boolean hasSuper(@NonNull List<UserDO> userList) {
for (UserDO user : userList) {
if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(user.getIsSuper())) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
1.5.利用 static 关键字
利用 static 关键字,可以把字段变成静态字段,也可以把函数变为静态函数,调用时就无需初始化类对象。
public final class GisHelper {
public double distance(double lng1, double lat1, double lng2, double lat2) {
// 方法实现代码
}
}
GisHelper gisHelper = new GisHelper();
double distance = gisHelper.distance(116.178692D, 39.967115D, 116.410778D, 39.899721D);
精简:
public final class GisHelper {
public static double distance(double lng1, double lat1, double lng2, double lat2) {
// 方法实现代码
}
}
double distance = GisHelper.distance(116.178692D, 39.967115D, 116.410778D, 39.899721D);
1.6.利用 lambda 表达式
Java 8 发布以后,lambda 表达式大量替代匿名内部类的使用,在简化了代码的同时,更突出了原有匿名内部类中真正有用的那部分代码。
new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
// 线程处理代码
}
}).start();
new Thread(() -> {
// 线程处理代码
}).start();
1.7.利用方法引用
Arrays.sort(nameArray, (a, b) -> a.compareToIgnoreCase(b));
List<Long> userIdList = userList.stream()
.map(user -> user.getId())
.collect(Collectors.toList());
Arrays.sort(nameArray, String::compareToIgnoreCase);
List<Long> userIdList = userList.stream()
.map(UserDO::getId)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
1.8.利用静态导入
静态导入(import static),当程序中大量使用同一静态常量和函数时,可以简化静态常量和函数的引用。
List<Double> areaList = radiusList.stream().map(r -> Math.PI * Math.pow(r, 2)).collect(Collectors.toList());
...
import static java.lang.Math.PI;
import static java.lang.Math.pow;
import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;
List<Double> areaList = radiusList.stream().map(r -> PI * pow(r, 2)).collect(toList());
...
1.9.利用 unchecked 异常
@Service
public class UserService {
public void createUser(UserCreateVO create, OpUserVO user) throws BusinessException {
checkOperatorUser(user);
...
}
private void checkOperatorUser(OpUserVO user) throws BusinessException {
if (!hasPermission(user)) {
throw new BusinessException("用户无操作权限");
}
...
}
...
}
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@PostMapping("/createUser")
public Result<Void> createUser(@RequestBody @Valid UserCreateVO create, OpUserVO user) throws BusinessException {
userService.createUser(create, user);
return Result.success();
}
...
}
@Service
public class UserService {
public void createUser(UserCreateVO create, OpUserVO user) {
checkOperatorUser(user);
...
}
private void checkOperatorUser(OpUserVO user) {
if (!hasPermission(user)) {
throw new BusinessRuntimeException("用户无操作权限");
}
...
}
...
}
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@PostMapping("/createUser")
public Result<Void> createUser(@RequestBody @Valid UserCreateVO create, OpUserVO user) {
userService.createUser(create, user);
return Result.success();
}
...
}
2.利用注解
2.1.利用 Lombok 注解
Lombok 提供了一组有用的注解,可以用来消除Java类中的大量样板代码。
public class UserVO {
private Long id;
private String name;
public Long getId() {
return this.id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
...
}
@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
public class UserVO {
private Long id;
private String name;
...
}
2.2.利用 Validation 注解
@Getter@Setter@ToStringpublic class UserCreateVO { @NotBlank(message = "用户名称不能为空") private String name; @NotNull(message = "公司标识不能为空") private Long companyId; ...}@Service@Validatedpublic class UserService { public Long createUser(@Valid UserCreateVO create) { // TODO: 创建用户 return null; }}
@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
public class UserCreateVO {
@NotBlank(message = "用户名称不能为空")
private String name;
@NotNull(message = "公司标识不能为空")
private Long companyId;
...
}
@Service
@Validated
public class UserService {
public Long createUser(@Valid UserCreateVO create) {
// TODO: 创建用户
return null;
}
}
2.3.利用 @NonNull 注解
public List<UserVO> queryCompanyUser(Long companyId) {
// 检查公司标识
if (companyId == null) {
return null;
}
// 查询返回用户
List<UserDO> userList = userDAO.queryByCompanyId(companyId);
return userList.stream().map(this::transUser).collect(Collectors.toList());
}
Long companyId = 1L;
List<UserVO> userList = queryCompanyUser(companyId);
if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(userList)) {
for (UserVO user : userList) {
// TODO: 处理公司用户
}
}
public @NonNull List<UserVO> queryCompanyUser(@NonNull Long companyId) {
List<UserDO> userList = userDAO.queryByCompanyId(companyId);
return userList.stream().map(this::transUser).collect(Collectors.toList());
}
Long companyId = 1L;
List<UserVO> userList = queryCompanyUser(companyId);
for (UserVO user : userList) {
// TODO: 处理公司用户
}
2.4.利用注解特性
@Lazy(true);
@Service(value = "userService")
@RequestMapping(path = "/getUser", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@Lazy
@Service("userService")
@GetMapping("/getUser")
3.利用泛型
3.1.泛型接口
在 Java 没有引入泛型前,都是采用 Object 表示通用对象,最大的问题就是类型无法强校验并且需要强制类型转换。
public interface Comparable {
public int compareTo(Object other);
}
@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
public class UserVO implements Comparable {
private Long id;
@Override
public int compareTo(Object other) {
UserVO user = (UserVO)other;
return Long.compare(this.id, user.id);
}
}
public interface Comparable<T> {
public int compareTo(T other);
}
@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
public class UserVO implements Comparable<UserVO> {
private Long id;
@Override
public int compareTo(UserVO other) {
return Long.compare(this.id, other.id);
}
}
3.2.泛型类
@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
public class IntPoint {
private Integer x;
private Integer y;
}
@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
public class DoublePoint {
private Double x;
private Double y;
}
@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
public class Point<T extends Number> {
private T x;
private T y;
}
3.3.泛型方法
public static Map<String, Integer> newHashMap(String[] keys, Integer[] values) {
// 检查参数非空
if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(keys) || ArrayUtils.isEmpty(values)) {
return Collections.emptyMap();
}
// 转化哈希映射
Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
int length = Math.min(keys.length, values.length);
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
map.put(keys[i], values[i]);
}
return map;
}
...
public static <K, V> Map<K, V> newHashMap(K[] keys, V[] values) {
// 检查参数非空
if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(keys) || ArrayUtils.isEmpty(values)) {
return Collections.emptyMap();
}
// 转化哈希映射
Map<K, V> map = new HashMap<>();
int length = Math.min(keys.length, values.length);
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
map.put(keys[i], values[i]);
}
return map;
}
4.利用自身方法
4.1.利用构造方法
@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
public class PageDataVO<T> {
private Long totalCount;
private List<T> dataList;
}
PageDataVO<UserVO> pageData = new PageDataVO<>();
pageData.setTotalCount(totalCount);
pageData.setDataList(userList);
return pageData;
精简:
@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class PageDataVO<T> {
private Long totalCount;
private List<T> dataList;
}
return new PageDataVO<>(totalCount, userList);
4.2.利用 Set 的 add 方法
利用 Set 的 add 方法的返回值,可以直接知道该值是否已经存在,可以避免调用 contains 方法判断存在。
Set<Long> userIdSet = new HashSet<>();
List<UserVO> userVOList = new ArrayList<>();
for (UserDO userDO : userDOList) {
if (!userIdSet.contains(userDO.getId())) {
userIdSet.add(userDO.getId());
userVOList.add(transUser(userDO));
}
}
SSet<Long> userIdSet = new HashSet<>();
List<UserVO> userVOList = new ArrayList<>();
for (UserDO userDO : userDOList) {
if (userIdSet.add(userDO.getId())) {
userVOList.add(transUser(userDO));
}
}
4.3.利用 Map 的 computeIfAbsent 方法
Map<Long, List<UserDO>> roleUserMap = new HashMap<>();
for (UserDO userDO : userDOList) {
Long roleId = userDO.getRoleId();
List<UserDO> userList = roleUserMap.get(roleId);
if (Objects.isNull(userList)) {
userList = new ArrayList<>();
roleUserMap.put(roleId, userList);
}
userList.add(userDO);
}
Map<Long, List<UserDO>> roleUserMap = new HashMap<>();
for (UserDO userDO : userDOList) {
roleUserMap.computeIfAbsent(userDO.getRoleId(), key -> new ArrayList<>())
.add(userDO);
}
4.4.利用链式编程
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(96);
builder.append("select id, name from ");
builder.append(T_USER);
builder.append(" where id = ");
builder.append(userId);
builder.append(";");
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(96);
builder.append("select id, name from ")
.append(T_USER)
.append(" where id = ")
.append(userId)
.append(";");
5.利用工具方法
5.1.避免空值判断
if (userList != null && !userList.isEmpty()) {
// TODO: 处理代码
}
if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(userList)) {
// TODO: 处理代码
}
5.2.避免条件判断
double result;
if (value <= MIN_LIMIT) {
result = MIN_LIMIT;
} else {
result = value;
}
double result = Math.max(MIN_LIMIT, value);
5.3.简化赋值语句
public static final List<String> ANIMAL_LIST;
static {
List<String> animalList = new ArrayList<>();
animalList.add("dog");
animalList.add("cat");
animalList.add("tiger");
ANIMAL_LIST = Collections.unmodifiableList(animalList);
}
// JDK流派
public static final List<String> ANIMAL_LIST = Arrays.asList("dog", "cat", "tiger");
// Guava流派
public static final List<String> ANIMAL_LIST = ImmutableList.of("dog", "cat", "tiger");
5.4.简化数据拷贝
UserVO userVO = new UserVO();
userVO.setId(userDO.getId());
userVO.setName(userDO.getName());
...
userVO.setDescription(userDO.getDescription());
userVOList.add(userVO);
UserVO userVO = new UserVO();
BeanUtils.copyProperties(userDO, userVO);
userVOList.add(userVO);
List<UserVO> userVOList = JSON.parseArray(JSON.toJSONString(userDOList), UserVO.class);
精简代码,但不能以过大的性能损失为代价。例子是浅层拷贝,用不着 JSON 这样重量级的武器。
if (Objects.isNull(userId)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("用户标识不能为空");
}
Assert.notNull(userId, "用户标识不能为空");
5.6.简化测试用例
@Test
public void testCreateUser() {
UserCreateVO userCreate = new UserCreateVO();
userCreate.setName("Changyi");
userCreate.setTitle("Developer");
userCreate.setCompany("AMAP");
...
Long userId = userService.createUser(OPERATOR, userCreate);
Assert.assertNotNull(userId, "创建用户失败");
}
@Test
public void testCreateUser() {
String jsonText = ResourceHelper.getResourceAsString(getClass(), "createUser.json");
UserCreateVO userCreate = JSON.parseObject(jsonText, UserCreateVO.class);
Long userId = userService.createUser(OPERATOR, userCreate);
Assert.assertNotNull(userId, "创建用户失败");
}
5.7.简化算法实现
int totalSize = valueList.size();
List<List<Integer>> partitionList = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < totalSize; i += PARTITION_SIZE) {
partitionList.add(valueList.subList(i, Math.min(i + PARTITION_SIZE, totalSize)));
}
精简:
List<List<Integer>> partitionList = ListUtils.partition(valueList, PARTITION_SIZE);
// 设置参数值
if (Objects.nonNull(user.getId())) {
statement.setLong(1, user.getId());
} else {
statement.setNull(1, Types.BIGINT);
}
...
/** SQL辅助类 */
public final class SqlHelper {
/** 设置长整数值 */
public static void setLong(PreparedStatement statement, int index, Long value) throws SQLException {
if (Objects.nonNull(value)) {
statement.setLong(index, value.longValue());
} else {
statement.setNull(index, Types.BIGINT);
}
}
...
}
// 设置参数值
SqlHelper.setLong(statement, 1, user.getId());
6.利用数据结构
6.1.利用数组简化
public static int getGrade(double score) {
if (score >= 90.0D) {
return 1;
}
if (score >= 80.0D) {
return 2;
}
if (score >= 60.0D) {
return 3;
}
if (score >= 30.0D) {
return 4;
}
return 5;
}
private static final double[] SCORE_RANGES = new double[] {90.0D, 80.0D, 60.0D, 30.0D};
public static int getGrade(double score) {
for (int i = 0; i < SCORE_RANGES.length; i++) {
if (score >= SCORE_RANGES[i]) {
return i + 1;
}
}
return SCORE_RANGES.length + 1;
}
6.2.利用 Map 简化
public static String getBiologyClass(String name) {
switch (name) {
case "dog" :
return "animal";
case "cat" :
return "animal";
case "lavender" :
return "plant";
...
default :
return null;
}
}
private static final Map<String, String> BIOLOGY_CLASS_MAP
= ImmutableMap.<String, String>builder()
.put("dog", "animal")
.put("cat", "animal")
.put("lavender", "plant")
...
.build();
public static String getBiologyClass(String name) {
return BIOLOGY_CLASS_MAP.get(name);
}
6.3.利用容器类简化
@Setter
@Getter
@ToString
@AllArgsConstructor
public static class PointAndDistance {
private Point point;
private Double distance;
}
public static PointAndDistance getNearest(Point point, Point[] points) {
// 计算最近点和距离
...
// 返回最近点和距离
return new PointAndDistance(nearestPoint, nearestDistance);
}
public static Pair<Point, Double> getNearest(Point point, Point[] points) {
// 计算最近点和距离
...
// 返回最近点和距离
return ImmutablePair.of(nearestPoint, nearestDistance);
}
6.4.利用 ThreadLocal 简化
public static String formatDate(Date date, DateFormat format) {
return format.format(date);
}
public static List<String> getDateList(Date minDate, Date maxDate, DateFormat format) {
List<String> dateList = new ArrayList<>();
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
calendar.setTime(minDate);
String currDate = formatDate(calendar.getTime(), format);
String maxsDate = formatDate(maxDate, format);
while (currDate.compareTo(maxsDate) <= 0) {
dateList.add(currDate);
calendar.add(Calendar.DATE, 1);
currDate = formatDate(calendar.getTime(), format);
}
return dateList;
}
private static final ThreadLocal<DateFormat> LOCAL_DATE_FORMAT = new ThreadLocal<DateFormat>() {
@Override
protected DateFormat initialValue() {
return new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd");
}
};
public static String formatDate(Date date) {
return LOCAL_DATE_FORMAT.get().format(date);
}
public static List<String> getDateList(Date minDate, Date maxDate) {
List<String> dateList = new ArrayList<>();
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
calendar.setTime(minDate);
String currDate = formatDate(calendar.getTime());
String maxsDate = formatDate(maxDate);
while (currDate.compareTo(maxsDate) <= 0) {
dateList.add(currDate);
calendar.add(Calendar.DATE, 1);
currDate = formatDate(calendar.getTime());
}
return dateList;
}
7.利用 Optional
7.1.保证值存在
Integer thisValue;
if (Objects.nonNull(value)) {
thisValue = value;
} else {
thisValue = DEFAULT_VALUE;
}
Integer thisValue = Optional.ofNullable(value).orElse(DEFAULT_VALUE);
7.2.保证值合法
Integer thisValue;
if (Objects.nonNull(value) && value.compareTo(MAX_VALUE) <= 0) {
thisValue = value;
} else {
thisValue = MAX_VALUE;
}
Integer thisValue = Optional.ofNullable(value)
.filter(tempValue -> tempValue.compareTo(MAX_VALUE) <= 0).orElse(MAX_VALUE);
7.3.避免空判断
String zipcode = null;
if (Objects.nonNull(user)) {
Address address = user.getAddress();
if (Objects.nonNull(address)) {
Country country = address.getCountry();
if (Objects.nonNull(country)) {
zipcode = country.getZipcode();
}
}
}
tring zipcode = Optional.ofNullable(user).map(User::getAddress)
.map(Address::getCountry).map(Country::getZipcode).orElse(null);
8.利用 Stream
流(Stream)是Java 8的新成员,允许你以声明式处理数据集合,可以看成为一个遍历数据集的高级迭代器。流主要有三部分构成:获取一个数据源→数据转换→执行操作获取想要的结果。每次转换原有 Stream 对象不改变,返回一个新的 Stream 对象,这就允许对其操作可以像链条一样排列,形成了一个管道。流(Stream)提供的功能非常有用,主要包括匹配、过滤、汇总、转化、分组、分组汇总等功能。
8.1.匹配集合数据
普通:
boolean isFound = false;
for (UserDO user : userList) {
if (Objects.equals(user.getId(), userId)) {
isFound = true;
break;
}
}
boolean isFound = userList.stream()
.anyMatch(user -> Objects.equals(user.getId(), userId));
普通:
List<UserDO> resultList = new ArrayList<>();
for (UserDO user : userList) {
if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(user.getIsSuper())) {
resultList.add(user);
}
}
List<UserDO> resultList = userList.stream()
.filter(user -> Boolean.TRUE.equals(user.getIsSuper()))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
double total = 0.0D;
for (Account account : accountList) {
total += account.getBalance();
}
double total = accountList.stream().mapToDouble(Account::getBalance).sum();
8.4.转化集合数据
普通:
List<UserVO> userVOList = new ArrayList<>();
for (UserDO userDO : userDOList) {
userVOList.add(transUser(userDO));
}
List<UserVO> userVOList = userDOList.stream()
.map(this::transUser).collect(Collectors.toList());
8.5.分组集合数据
Map<Long, List<UserDO>> roleUserMap = new HashMap<>();
for (UserDO userDO : userDOList) {
roleUserMap.computeIfAbsent(userDO.getRoleId(), key -> new ArrayList<>())
.add(userDO);
}
Map<Long, List<UserDO>> roleUserMap = userDOList.stream()
.collect(Collectors.groupingBy(UserDO::getRoleId));
Map<Long, Double> roleTotalMap = new HashMap<>();
for (Account account : accountList) {
Long roleId = account.getRoleId();
Double total = Optional.ofNullable(roleTotalMap.get(roleId)).orElse(0.0D);
roleTotalMap.put(roleId, total + account.getBalance());
}
roleTotalMap = accountList.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Account::getRoleId, Collectors.summingDouble(Account::getBalance)));
8.7.生成范围集合
int[] array1 = new int[N];
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
array1[i] = i + 1;
}
int[] array2 = new int[N];
array2[0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < N; i++) {
array2[i] = array2[i - 1] * 2;
}
int[] array1 = IntStream.rangeClosed(1, N).toArray();
int[] array2 = IntStream.iterate(1, n -> n * 2).limit(N).toArray();
9.利用程序结构
9.1.返回条件表达式
public boolean isSuper(Long userId)
UserDO user = userDAO.get(userId);
if (Objects.nonNull(user) && Boolean.TRUE.equals(user.getIsSuper())) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
public boolean isSuper(Long userId)
UserDO user = userDAO.get(userId);
return Objects.nonNull(user) && Boolean.TRUE.equals(user.getIsSuper());
}
9.2.最小化条件作用域
最小化条件作用域,尽量提出公共处理代码。
Result result = summaryService.reportWorkDaily(workDaily);
if (result.isSuccess()) {
String message = "上报工作日报成功";
dingtalkService.sendMessage(user.getPhone(), message);
} else {
String message = "上报工作日报失败:" + result.getMessage();
log.warn(message);
dingtalkService.sendMessage(user.getPhone(), message);
}
String message;
Result result = summaryService.reportWorkDaily(workDaily);
if (result.isSuccess()) {
message = "上报工作日报成功";
} else {
message = "上报工作日报失败:" + result.getMessage();
log.warn(message);
}
dingtalkService.sendMessage(user.getPhone(), message);
9.3.调整表达式位置
String line = readLine();
while (Objects.nonNull(line)) {
... // 处理逻辑代码
line = readLine();
}
for (String line = readLine(); Objects.nonNull(line); line = readLine()) {
... // 处理逻辑代码
}
String line;
while (Objects.nonNull(line = readLine())) {
... // 处理逻辑代码
}
9.4.利用非空对象
private static final int MAX_VALUE = 1000;
boolean isMax = (value != null && value.equals(MAX_VALUE));
boolean isTrue = (result != null && result.equals(Boolean.TRUE));
private static final Integer MAX_VALUE = 1000;
boolean isMax = MAX_VALUE.equals(value);
boolean isTrue = Boolean.TRUE.equals(result);
10.利用设计模式
10.1.模板方法模式
模板方法模式(Template Method Pattern)定义一个固定的算法框架,而将算法的一些步骤放到子类中实现,使得子类可以在不改变算法框架的情况下重定义该算法的某些步骤。
@Repository
public class UserValue {
/** 值操作 */
@Resource(name = "stringRedisTemplate")
private ValueOperations<String, String> valueOperations;
/** 值模式 */
private static final String KEY_FORMAT = "Value:User:%s";
/** 设置值 */
public void set(Long id, UserDO value) {
String key = String.format(KEY_FORMAT, id);
valueOperations.set(key, JSON.toJSONString(value));
}
/** 获取值 */
public UserDO get(Long id) {
String key = String.format(KEY_FORMAT, id);
String value = valueOperations.get(key);
return JSON.parseObject(value, UserDO.class);
}
...
}
@Repository
public class RoleValue {
/** 值操作 */
@Resource(name = "stringRedisTemplate")
private ValueOperations<String, String> valueOperations;
/** 值模式 */
private static final String KEY_FORMAT = "Value:Role:%s";
/** 设置值 */
public void set(Long id, RoleDO value) {
String key = String.format(KEY_FORMAT, id);
valueOperations.set(key, JSON.toJSONString(value));
}
/** 获取值 */
public RoleDO get(Long id) {
String key = String.format(KEY_FORMAT, id);
String value = valueOperations.get(key);
return JSON.parseObject(value, RoleDO.class);
}
...
}
public abstract class AbstractDynamicValue<I, V> {
/** 值操作 */
@Resource(name = "stringRedisTemplate")
private ValueOperations<String, String> valueOperations;
/** 设置值 */
public void set(I id, V value) {
valueOperations.set(getKey(id), JSON.toJSONString(value));
}
/** 获取值 */
public V get(I id) {
return JSON.parseObject(valueOperations.get(getKey(id)), getValueClass());
}
...
/** 获取主键 */
protected abstract String getKey(I id);
/** 获取值类 */
protected abstract Class<V> getValueClass();
}
@Repository
public class UserValue extends AbstractValue<Long, UserDO> {
/** 获取主键 */
@Override
protected String getKey(Long id) {
return String.format("Value:User:%s", id);
}
/** 获取值类 */
@Override
protected Class<UserDO> getValueClass() {
return UserDO.class;
}
}
@Repository
public class RoleValue extends AbstractValue<Long, RoleDO> {
/** 获取主键 */
@Override
protected String getKey(Long id) {
return String.format("Value:Role:%s", id);
}
/** 获取值类 */
@Override
protected Class<RoleDO> getValueClass() {
return RoleDO.class;
}
}
10.2.建造者模式
public interface DataHandler<T> {
/** 解析数据 */
public T parseData(Record record);
/** 存储数据 */
public boolean storeData(List<T> dataList);
}
public <T> long executeFetch(String tableName, int batchSize, DataHandler<T> dataHandler) throws Exception {
// 构建下载会话
DownloadSession session = buildSession(tableName);
// 获取数据数量
long recordCount = session.getRecordCount();
if (recordCount == 0) {
return 0;
}
// 进行数据读取
long fetchCount = 0L;
try (RecordReader reader = session.openRecordReader(0L, recordCount, true)) {
// 依次读取数据
Record record;
List<T> dataList = new ArrayList<>(batchSize);
while ((record = reader.read()) != null) {
// 解析添加数据
T data = dataHandler.parseData(record);
if (Objects.nonNull(data)) {
dataList.add(data);
}
// 批量存储数据
if (dataList.size() == batchSize) {
boolean isContinue = dataHandler.storeData(dataList);
fetchCount += batchSize;
dataList.clear();
if (!isContinue) {
break;
}
}
}
// 存储剩余数据
if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(dataList)) {
dataHandler.storeData(dataList);
fetchCount += dataList.size();
dataList.clear();
}
}
// 返回获取数量
return fetchCount;
}
// 使用案例
long fetchCount = odpsService.executeFetch("user", 5000, new DataHandler() {
/** 解析数据 */
@Override
public T parseData(Record record) {
UserDO user = new UserDO();
user.setId(record.getBigint("id"));
user.setName(record.getString("name"));
return user;
}
/** 存储数据 */
@Override
public boolean storeData(List<T> dataList) {
userDAO.batchInsert(dataList);
return true;
}
});
public <T> long executeFetch(String tableName, int batchSize, Function<Record, T> dataParser, Function<List<T>, Boolean> dataStorage) throws Exception {
// 构建下载会话
DownloadSession session = buildSession(tableName);
// 获取数据数量
long recordCount = session.getRecordCount();
if (recordCount == 0) {
return 0;
}
// 进行数据读取
long fetchCount = 0L;
try (RecordReader reader = session.openRecordReader(0L, recordCount, true)) {
// 依次读取数据
Record record;
List<T> dataList = new ArrayList<>(batchSize);
while ((record = reader.read()) != null) {
// 解析添加数据
T data = dataParser.apply(record);
if (Objects.nonNull(data)) {
dataList.add(data);
}
// 批量存储数据
if (dataList.size() == batchSize) {
Boolean isContinue = dataStorage.apply(dataList);
fetchCount += batchSize;
dataList.clear();
if (!Boolean.TRUE.equals(isContinue)) {
break;
}
}
}
// 存储剩余数据
if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(dataList)) {
dataStorage.apply(dataList);
fetchCount += dataList.size();
dataList.clear();
}
}
// 返回获取数量
return fetchCount;
}
// 使用案例
long fetchCount = odpsService.executeFetch("user", 5000, record -> {
UserDO user = new UserDO();
user.setId(record.getBigint("id"));
user.setName(record.getString("name"));
return user;
}, dataList -> {
userDAO.batchInsert(dataList);
return true;
});
普通的建造者模式,实现时需要定义 DataHandler 接口,调用时需要实现 DataHandler 匿名内部类,代码较多较繁琐。而精简后的建造者模式,充分利用了函数式编程,实现时无需定义接口,直接使用 Function 接口;调用时无需实现匿名内部类,直接采用 lambda 表达式,代码较少较简洁。
10.3.代理模式
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
/** 用户服务 */
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
/** 查询用户 */
@PostMapping("/queryUser")
public Result<?> queryUser(@RequestBody @Valid UserQueryVO query) {
try {
PageDataVO<UserVO> pageData = userService.queryUser(query);
return Result.success(pageData);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
return Result.failure(e.getMessage());
}
}
...
}
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
/** 用户服务 */
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
/** 查询用户 */
@PostMapping("/queryUser")
public Result<PageDataVO<UserVO>> queryUser(@RequestBody @Valid UserQueryVO query) {
PageDataVO<UserVO> pageData = userService.queryUser(query);
return Result.success(pageData);
}
...
}
@Slf4j
@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalControllerAdvice {
/** 处理异常 */
@ResponseBody
@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
public Result<Void> handleException(Exception e) {
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
return Result.failure(e.getMessage());
}
}
// UserController代码同"精简1"
@Slf4j
@Aspect
public class WebExceptionAspect {
/** 点切面 */
@Pointcut("@annotation(org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping)")
private void webPointcut() {}
/** 处理异常 */
@AfterThrowing(pointcut = "webPointcut()", throwing = "e")
public void handleException(Exception e) {
Result<Void> result = Result.failure(e.getMessage());
writeContent(JSON.toJSONString(result));
}
...
}
11.利用删除代码
“少即是多”,“少”不是空白而是精简,“多”不是拥挤而是完美。删除多余的代码,才能使代码更精简更完美。
11.1.删除已废弃的代码
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
@Service
public class ProductService {
@Value("discardRate")
private double discardRate;
...
private ProductVO transProductDO(ProductDO productDO) {
ProductVO productVO = new ProductVO();
BeanUtils.copyProperties(productDO, productVO);
// productVO.setPrice(getDiscardPrice(productDO.getPrice()));
return productVO;
}
private BigDecimal getDiscardPrice(BigDecimal originalPrice) {
...
}
}
@Service
public class ProductService {
...
private ProductVO transProductDO(ProductDO productDO) {
ProductVO productVO = new ProductVO();
BeanUtils.copyProperties(productDO, productVO);
return productVO;
}
}
11.2.删除接口方法的public
public interface UserDAO {
public Long countUser(@Param("query") UserQuery query);
public List<UserDO> queryUser(@Param("query") UserQuery query);
}
public interface UserDAO {
Long countUser(@Param("query") UserQuery query);
List<UserDO> queryUser(@Param("query") UserQuery query);
}
11.3.删除枚举构造方法的 private
对于枚举(menu),构造方法都是 private 的,可以不用显式声明为 private 。
public enum UserStatus {
DISABLED(0, "禁用"),
ENABLED(1, "启用");
private final Integer value;
private final String desc;
private UserStatus(Integer value, String desc) {
this.value = value;
this.desc = desc;
}
...
}
public enum UserStatus {
DISABLED(0, "禁用"),
ENABLED(1, "启用");
private final Integer value;
private final String desc;
UserStatus(Integer value, String desc) {
this.value = value;
this.desc = desc;
}
...
}
11.4.删除 final 类方法的 final
对于 final 类,不能被子类继承,所以其方法不会被覆盖,没有必要添加 final 修饰。
public final Rectangle implements Shape {
...
@Override
public final double getArea() {
return width * height;
}
}
public final Rectangle implements Shape {
...
@Override
public double getArea() {
return width * height;
}
}
11.5.删除基类 implements 的接口
如果基类已 implements 某接口,子类没有必要再 implements 该接口,只需要直接实现接口方法即可。
public interface Shape {
...
double getArea();
}
public abstract AbstractShape implements Shape {
...
}
public final Rectangle extends AbstractShape implements Shape {
...
@Override
public double getArea() {
return width * height;
}
}
...
public final Rectangle extends AbstractShape {
...
@Override
public double getArea() {
return width * height;
}
}
11.6.删除不必要的变量
public Boolean existsUser(Long userId) {
Boolean exists = userDAO.exists(userId);
return exists;
}
public Boolean existsUser(Long userId) {
return userDAO.exists(userId);
}
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