特斯拉CEO马斯克南加大演讲：年轻是用来冒险的！（附视频&演讲稿）
伊隆马斯克在南非长大，毕业于沃顿商学院，来到加州开了一家公司，被合并到另一家公司，之后他有出售了PayPal公司，然后他成为了特斯拉汽车公司和SpaceX的CEO。在2014年南加州大学毕业演讲中，他给了同学们四点建议，分别是：努力工作、专注、不要随大流、趁着年轻，用于冒险。
https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=r0148ax9wys&width=500&height=375&auto=0
英文无字幕版本视频
https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=r0375fmelnl&width=500&height=375&auto=0
Alright, thank you.
So, I’ve got about apparently I’ve got about five to six minutes to say the most useful things I can think of.
I’m gonna do my best.
It was suggested that I distill things down to 3 items.
I think I’ll go with four.
And I’ll try, I think, I think these are pretty important ones.
Some of it may kinda sound like, well you’ve heard them before.
But, you know, worth reemphasizing.
I think the first is, you need to work, if you, depending on how well you want to do,
particularly if you want to start a company, you need to work super hard.
So what is super hard mean?
Well, when my brother and I were starting our first company, instead of getting an apartment,
we just rented a small office and we slept on the couch and we showered in the YMCA.
We’re so hard up that we had just one computer.
So the website was up during the day, and I was coding at night.
7 days a week, all the time.
And I, sort of briefly had a girlfriend in that period and in order to be with me,
she had to sleep in the office.
So, work hard, like, every waking hour.
That’s the thing I would say, particularly if you’re starting a company.
And I mean, if you do the simple math, you say like somebody else is working 50 hours a week and
you’re working 100, you’ll get twice as done, as much done, in the course of the year as the other company.
The other thing I’d say is that if you’re creating a company, or if you’re joining a company,
the most important thing is to attract great people.
So either be with, join a group that’s amazing, that you really respect.
Or, if you’re building a company, you’ve got to gather great people.
I mean, all a company is is a group of people that have gathered together to create a product or service.
So depending upon how talented and hard working that group is,
and to the degree in which they are focused cohesively in a good direction,
that will determine the success of the company.
So, do everything you can to gather great people, if you’re creating a company.
Then, I’d say focus on signal over noise.
A lot of companies get confused.
They spend a lot of money on things that don’t actually make the product better.
So, for example, at Tesla, we’ve never spent any money on advertising.
We’ve put all the money into R and D and manufacturing and design to try and make the car as good as possible.
And, I think that’s the way to go. For any given company, keep thinking about,
“Are, these efforts that people are expending, are they resulting in a better product or service?"
And if they’re not, stop those efforts.
And then the final thing is, is to sort of, don’t just follow the trend.
So, you may have heard me say that it’s good to thinking terms of the physics approach, the first principles.
With is, rather than reasoning by analogy,
you boil things down to the most fundamental truths you can imagine, and then you reason up from there.
And this is a good way to figure out if something really makes sense, or is it just what everybody else is doing.
It’s hard to think that way, you can’t think that way about everything.
It takes a lot of effort. But if you’re trying to do something new, it’s the best way to thing.
And that framework was developed by physicists to figure out counter intuitive things, like quantum mechanics.
It’s really a powerful, powerful method.
And anyways, so that’s, and then the final thing I would encourage you to do is now is the time to take risks.
You don’t have kids, you’re obligations, well! Some of you… Hahaha, you probably don’t have kids.
But as you get older, your obligations start to increase.
So, and, once you have a family, you start taking risks not just for yourself, but for your family as well.
It gets harder to do things that might not work out. So now is the time to do that.
Before you have those obligations. So I would encourage you to take risks now, and to do something bold.
You won’t regret it. Thank you....
...I don’t know if it was helpful. Great.
谢谢大家，我只有很短的几分钟，我会努力利用好这仅有的时间。在这里我想与大家分享四件重要的事情。其中一些听起来可能像名言警句，但是经历告诉我，它们确实实用。
第一点对于要创业的年轻人非常重要，你需要非常努力地去工作。努力工作意味着什么?当我弟弟和我一起创立Zip2的时候，我们没有购置任何房产作为工作的地方，反而在一间又小又普通的办公室里开始我们的事业，我们大部分时间都花费在那个小小的沙发上。我们互相讨论想法，当时我们只有一台电脑，白天需要用电脑运营网页，编码只能在晚上进行。我们每周7天每天24个小时几乎都在工作。当时我有一个女朋友，她为了跟我在一起不得不睡在办公室的沙发上。如果你要快速成立自己的公司，努力工作是必须的。你自己做一个很简单的数学计算，别人工作50个小时，但是你工作100个小时，你会比别人多干掉两倍的工作。
另外一点我想讲的是，如果你成立了自己的公司或正在管理一个公司，吸引优秀的人和你一起工作也是非常重要的。一个人要不就是加入一个精英汇聚尊重人才的公司，要不就是和一群乌合之众工作。企业的成功大部分情况下都是一群优秀的人汇聚到一起做成了一个伟大的产品。不论这群人多么有才，他们必须同心协力专注在一个正确的产品方向上，才能造就巨大的成功。因此，创业者需要用尽一切手段去吸引优秀的人才。
然后，我想将话题转向如何去判断企业是否走在正确的道路上。很多人感到困惑，他们花的钱并没有让他们的产品变得更好，举一个例子，在特斯拉，我们从不在广告上花钱，我们把所有的钱都投在了产品研发及更好的产品设计上，我们尽全力把我们的车做的尽可能的好。我认为这是最好的出路。所以，如果你想建立一个公司，你要不断地思考，你们作出的这些努力是否使得你们的产品或者服务变得更好。如果没有, 就不要再做这些事情了。
除此之外我还想说，不要单一地跟着所谓的大趋势走。从物理学第一原理的角度来讲，并不是通过类比去论证，而是通过所有你认为最本质的元素去推论。这样一来你可以分辨出哪些是你应该做的，哪些只是你跟随别人的脚步在做的。当然，你不可能面面俱到，你要付出很多努力。但是，如果你想尝试新的事物，这是最好的办法。就象物理学家研究量子力学那样去思考问题，这是一个很强大的方法。
最后我想说的是，是时候去冒个险了。你现在没有孩子或者你可能没有孩子，随着你变老，你的职责在增多。一旦你有了家庭，你就不是单单在拿自己冒险，而是拿你的家庭去冒险，去尝试那些可能失败的事情会变得越来越难。所以，现在就去冒险吧，在你拥有那些义务之前，我非常提倡你们去冒个险。
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