TED:把天聊死有很多种死法,会聊天的人都有一个共同点(附视频&演讲稿)
最近我们办公室的姑娘正在准备谈恋爱,所以她发愁的找到我,说:我不知道怎么聊天,比如第一次见面怎么引起别人的注意,怎么不把天聊死了。
她平时非常爱说话,而且在办公室和我们的小伙伴聊天也是很愉快很开心的。但是可能作为一个北京姑娘,说话会比较“各色”和直来直去,特别像一个优秀扣球员,话头一到她手上就扣死了。
我也曾经是这样一个优秀的“扣球员”。
有一次一群人在聊天,一位男士特别兴致勃勃和大家讲他新买的一辆两厢车。我恰好刚刚加入,听到这辆车的型号,我突然想起刚刚看过这辆车的广告,小巧,很秀气,然后说:我很喜欢这辆车。于是这位男士很开心的看着我,我说:是呀,因为这辆车非常的Girly。
Girly 这个词直译起来可能有点困难,有点像是说,是女孩开的车。
这位男士身高190,运动型,听了我的话,脸色变了,很快就找了个借口离开了。
这位男士就是我老公。后来我们真正谈恋爱的时候,他对我说:你对一个男子气概的人说他刚买的车是小女孩开的车,简直是一种伤害啊。
我依然后知后觉,说,难道不是吗,没有后备箱,车型又比较家用……他说,所以我后来把它卖掉了。
好吧,这件事情上大家看到一个教训,就是第一次见面,不要太早说出你对一件事情最直接的判断。还有,千万别和一个男人谈车,除非你真的特别懂。
但是这次聊天也有一个所得,那就是,我成功的引起了未来老公的注意。他虽然很生气,但是他觉得我很有趣。
姑娘们,其实这是一个血泪的教训,如果我们不是同事,后来工作中还有很多交集,恐怕他是没有愿望再次和我聊天的。那一次他转身离开就是结局了。
那些把天聊死的姑娘
我们来总结一下那些把天聊死的姑娘常犯的错误:
1) 扣球手型的姑娘:就是我这样说话没轻没重,太直接而没有考虑到对方的感受;
2) 专家型姑娘:无论你说什么话题,她都会比你懂的多,无论你谈什么领域她都会告诉你有一个大佬是她的好朋友。
比如你说,你刚刚去了三里屯一个西班牙餐厅,她说,西班牙餐厅啊,你一定要去吃某某家,它家的海鲜饭可以是米其林级的……省略500字,他家大厨是我前男友的哥们;
或者你刚刚看了一部电影,是你最喜欢的Bradley Cooper 演的,她马上说,他在这部电影里的表现一般,你一定要看他在这部、这部、这部里的表演。
3) 记者型姑娘:我不是说记者这个职业有什么不好,而是在聊天的时候,发问太多,太直接,太单向会不是那么愉快。
比如总是发问型:你对中印边境怎么看?你在国外呆了那么久,信不信基督啊?
当然最让人头疼的还是财经类“记者姑娘”。她第一次见到你:你这个项目赚钱吗?赚多少钱啊?你这个地段的房租是多少啊?你和某某公司的老板是什么样的合作啊?
最主要的是,大家往往是一群人,你这样的咄咄逼人逮住一个人发问,很快让其他人没有聊天的兴趣,同时让也想找这个人聊天的其他人非常不悦。
所以,在人群中说话最多的人可能不是那个最会聊天的人,反而可能是一个话越多越让人讨厌的人。
发现对方的亮点
除非你是一个金句大王,人们往往会忘记你说过的话,也会忘记你做过的事,但是人们永远不会忘记你带给他们的感觉。
那么一次非公事聊天,尤其是第一次见面,你希望给对方的感觉无外是这几点 :
1)你对他很感兴趣,他如此特殊,怎能被忽略;
2)你是一个友好而让人开心的人;
3)让他对你产生兴趣。
我虽然在聊天上是一个“扣球手”,但是出席的场合够多,见过不少会聊天的人。
有一次我去参加港姐的“慧妍雅集”的年度聚会,因为飞机晚点,我迟到了。落座的时候,身边的一位女士非常友善的和我打招呼,并主动介绍自己。
她是这样说的,我还是先主动介绍一下自己吧,刚才桌上的各位我们都主动介绍过了,我叫Judy, 是这个协会的常任理事,平时在**学校做教授,其实好学校就是学生都很聪明我基本不用教他们什么。您呢,怎么称呼?
她如此介绍自己,显得非常优雅得体。我简单介绍自己之后,她举起了酒杯:欢迎你从北京远程来到这里。
放下酒杯之后,她又夸奖了我的礼服。她在这一连串的动作中非常温和,并不夸张,显示出她常常出席大场面的气场。
而我的朋友为我安排的邻座则是另外一种高明。
每当她看到周围有些冷场的时候,她就会主动站起来,祝福大家一下,以水带酒,带动情绪。后来她发现一位男士非常腼腆,不和其他人交流,她会特别的和他招呼一下。
她注意到这位男士的胸襟上别了一只胸针,而且是钻石的。于是她就发问:先生,我觉得您的审美超级好,我可以冒昧的问一下您的胸针是古董吗? 对方当然微微诧异,但是很高兴的说,是呀,你怎么看出来的呢?她回答:因为这些钻石很闪,但是我觉得切割工艺好像是古董的手工切面。
你觉得呢,后来这位非常腼腆的男士和我的邻座聊的非常开心,聊了对方的工作,甚至交换了电话号码。才知道这位男士是一位很著名的律师。
我后来问她,为什么会主动和这个男士聊天呢,她说,因为一个非常腼腆不和周围人打招呼的人,如果戴这样一个闪亮的胸针还是希望别人发现他的。
聊天的技巧之一,就是你要时时培养自己独特的观察力,发现对方的亮点。
大公司的夸奖文化
其实发现别人的亮点,然后再用独特观点来夸奖对方,是一门考验智商的技术活。我们应该时刻练习。
我在的加拿大公司,夸奖是一种文化。比如每周的周会,先到的同事一定是先把周围的人夸奖一番,比如:Ms. Lee 你今天的口红真好看,是不是秋天最流行的颜色啊?
还有Mr. Smith, 我昨天在公司门口看见你太太了,听说你儿子刚刚进了天才班,太优秀了,你们是怎么培养他的?
如果你觉得这是一种很虚伪的文化,其实是误会,因为每个人都需要感受到别人的善意,在一个时时有善意的团队里,你工作起来一定会更觉得愉悦和快乐。
我在异国他乡求学的第一年,有一次站在大风天气里等公共汽车,等了20分钟人都快冻僵了。突然一个路过的老先生,折回来对我说:“姑娘你的围巾真好看。”我当时愣了,支支吾吾的说:“是我母亲给我的。”他抬起眼睛来,让我看到他灰蓝色的眼睛,说:“你长得一定像你母亲一样吧”。然后他就走了。
很多年以后,我还记得在大风里那个老人夸奖我的围巾,从那个时候,我也学会给陌生人微笑,给更多人夸奖。
这样的善意不但很容易打开陌生人的距离,更容易在一个人同样有社交恐惧的时候,彼此温暖。
今天我们在文章的开头放了声音策略专家朱利安·崔杰的TED演讲中就列出了说话的七宗罪,并且也列出了声音的几种利器。
如果你希望成为一个说话有人聆听的人,说话有影响力的人,那么可以听听他在TED的演讲。
https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=h0131oi8s33&width=500&height=375&auto=0
「当你懂得了这些倾听的技巧,情商自然就不重要了」
这是TED最受欢迎的演讲之一。我们的语言可能是世界上最有力的声音,可以引起战争,也可以说出动听的话,类似“我爱你”。但绝大多数人会经历过,你所说的,并不是别人想听的。为什么?我们能怎么办?演讲者为我们整理出了语言的“七宗罪”,还有对付它们的方法。
人类的声音是我们都弹奏的乐器,可能是世界上最有力量的声音。但是可能很多人都有过这样的经验,当他们在说的时候,人们并不在听。为什么呢?怎样才能让我们的演讲,或者更大一点说我们的谈话,更有力量,从而让世界发生某种改变呢?
首先,我为大家总结了说话的七宗罪,我们在日常的谈话过程中非常容易犯的坏习惯。
第一宗罪:流言蜚语(gossip)。在背后说某些人的坏话,这不是一个好习惯,我们都很明白,那个说闲话的人五分钟之后,就会在别人面前说我的坏话。
第二宗罪:评判(judging)。你知道如果站在你对面的人在评判你,并且认为你不够格的话,你就很难再跟对方把对话继续下去。
第三宗罪:消极(negativity)。我妈妈在她生命的最后几年变得非常非常消极,很难让人听她说话。我记得有一天,我对她说,“今天是十月一号”,她回答说,“我知道,这不可怕吗?”当一个人消极到这种程度,你就很难再听下去。
第四宗罪:抱怨(complaining)。另外一种形式的消极就是抱怨,这是英国的全国性运动,我们抱怨天气,抱怨体育,抱怨政治,几乎抱怨每一件事情。但是抱怨是多悲催的一件事情,它不会在这个世界上传播太阳和光明。
第五宗罪:借口(excuses)。我们都遇上过这种人,或者曾经做过那样的人。有的人是指责爱好者,他们怪罪任何人,而不是对自己的行为负责任。这又是让人难以聆听的一种。
第六宗罪:撒谎(lying)。浮夸(embroidery),吹牛(exaggeration)。夸大慢慢就变成了说谎,彻头彻尾的说谎,我们就不想听这种我们知道会说谎的人说话。
第七宗罪:固执己见(dogmatism)。把事实和自己的意见混淆。你知道,有人用他们自己的意见来强迫你,我们就很难再听下去。
我认为以上这些是我们需要避免的。
有没有正面的谈话方式呢?如果我们想让我们的言语有力,并且让世界产生变化,我想建议四个强有力谈话的基础。幸运的是,这四个基础连起来是一个单词——HAIL。我认为如果我们坚持这四件事情,我们的言辞会更被接受。
第一,诚实:清晰、直接(Honesty:Be clear and straight)。
第二,真诚:做你自己,坚持真实的自己(Authenticity: be yourself)。
第三,守信:知行合一(Integrity:be your word.)。成为别人能信任的人。
第四,爱:愿所有人更好(Love: wish themwell)。
说真话,直截了当并且清楚明白。但是绝对的诚实未必是我们真正想要的。比如,天,你今天早上看起来真难看。嗯,这可能是不必要的。诚实是很重要的。当然,适当地带着爱和善意。同时,当你对人带着爱、带着善意,你就很难同时评判他们。我不觉得有人能一边爱着某人一遍评判他。
除此之外,上面提到的是关于你所说的内容,就好像老歌一样,你所说的很重要,同时你的表达方式也很重要。你有一个很神奇的工具盒,里面有难以置信的工具,然而这个工具盒只有不多的人打开过。我想在这里跟你们探查一下,你也许想拿来试一下,这些将增加你说话的力量。
1. 音域(Register)。假声大部分时候可能是没用的,但在真声和假声这两者之间会有一种是有用的。在座的可能有语音教练,我不会去到非常技术的层面。我只想简单地说,你能够定位你发音的位置。比如我把声音提到鼻子这里,你是可以听出来不不同的。如果我把声音降到嗓子这里,这是我们大部分人大多数时候所做的。但是如果你想要有分量,你需要降到胸腔。我们给声音低沉的政治家投票,那是真的。因为我们把深沉和权力、权威联系在一起。
2. 音色(Trimble),就是你的声音给你感觉如何。研究显示,我们喜欢那种丰厚、平滑、温暖的声音,就像热巧克力一样(玩笑)。当然,如果你没有那样的声音,也不是世界末日。因为你是可以得到训练的,去找一个教练吧。利用呼吸、姿势、还有锻炼,来改善你的音色。
3. 韵律(prosody)。我喜欢韵律。那是歌唱,我们用来传送意味,在谈话中是意思的根基。那种说话一个声调的人,如果他们没有一点韵律,很难让人听得进去。那就是“单调”(一个调子)这个词的来源。或者说枯燥无味,一成不变。还有的人用重复性的韵律。每个句子的结尾都语调上扬,即便是说陈述句的时候都像是说疑问句。如果你一遍又一遍的重复这个的话,它会限制你用韵律来交流的能力。我认为这是一件憾事。让我们努力打破那个习惯。
4. 语速(Pace)。我可以非常非常兴奋地、飞快地说着什么,或者我能慢下来强调。还有我们的老朋友——沉默。在讲话中,有一点儿沉默一点问题也没有。我们不需要用“嗯”和“啊”来填充。沉默本身可以是非常有力量的。
5. 音调(Pitch)。音调常常跟语速一起来指示兴奋度,但你也能仅仅用音调就显示出来。
6. 音量(Volume)。我能用非常大的声音表示极端的兴奋;或者,我能用很轻的声音让你认真地注意。有人全程一直都在说话,别那样做,那叫做“公放音乐”。把你的声音不假思索和草率地强加给别人。不好。
当然,这些工具真正发挥作用的地方,是当你有什么很重要的事情要做的时候,这可能是像我这样站在演讲台上,做一个演讲。可能是求婚,要求加薪,或者婚礼上的讲话。不管是什么,如果它非常重要,你应该看看这个工具盒,以及将要工作运行的发动机。没有预热的发动机不会好好工作。预热你自己的声音。放松嘴唇,放松舌头,让声音能从嗓子到胸腔到更深的位置走一下。
我们现在经常处在什么位置上呢?我们的谈话或者演讲也不是那么有力量,环境还是一个吵闹和喧哗的环境里面,所以人们也听不进去。如果我们的谈话能够强有力,并且在一个适宜的环境中,让人们能够专注听,这个世界会是怎么样呢?或者说的更广泛一些,如果我们有意识地创造声音,并且有意识地针对要传递的声音和目的设计环境,这个世界会什么样子呢?那会是一个听起来非常美丽的世界。而“理解”将成为常态。你说的话会被听进去,被理解。
We are losing our listening. We spend roughly 60 percent of our communication time listening, but we're not very good at it. We retain just 25 percent of what we hear. Now -- not you, not this talk, but that is generally true.
Let's define listening as making meaning from sound. It's a mental process, and it's a process of extraction.
We use some pretty cool techniques to do this. One of them is pattern recognition. (Crowd noises) So in a cocktail party like this, if I say, "David, Sara, pay attention" -- some of you just sat up. We recognize patterns to distinguish noise from signal, and especially our name. Differencing is another technique we use. If I left this pink noise on for more than a couple of minutes, (Pink noise) you would literally cease to hear it. We listen to differences; we discount sounds that remain the same.
And then there is a whole range of filters. These filters take us from all sound down to what we pay attention to. Most people are entirely unconscious of these filters. But they actually create our reality in a way, because they tell us what we're paying attention to right now. I'll give you one example of that. Intention is very important in sound, in listening. When I married my wife, I promised her I would listen to her every day as if for the first time. Now that's something I fall short of on a daily basis.
But it's a great intention to have in a relationship.
But that's not all. Sound places us in space and in time. If you close your eyes right now in this room,you're aware of the size of the room from the reverberation and the bouncing of the sound off the surfaces; you're aware of how many people are around you, because of the micro-noises you're receiving. And sound places us in time as well, because sound always has time embedded in it. In fact, I would suggest that our listening is the main way that we experience the flow of time from past to future. So, "Sonority is time and meaning" -- a great quote.
I said at the beginning, we're losing our listening. Why did I say that? Well, there are a lot of reasons for this. First of all, we invented ways of recording -- first writing, then audio recording and now video recording as well. The premium on accurate and careful listening has simply disappeared. Secondly, the world is now so noisy, (Noise) with this cacophony going on visually and auditorily, it's just hard to listen; it's tiring to listen. Many people take refuge in headphones, but they turn big, public spaces like this, shared soundscapes, into millions of tiny, little personal sound bubbles. In this scenario, nobody's listening to anybody.
We're becoming impatient. We don't want oratory anymore; we want sound bites. And the art of conversation is being replaced -- dangerously, I think -- by personal broadcasting. I don't know how much listening there is in this conversation, which is sadly very common, especially in the UK. We're becoming desensitized. Our media have to scream at us with these kinds of headlines in order to get our attention. And that means it's harder for us to pay attention to the quiet, the subtle, the understated.
This is a serious problem that we're losing our listening. This is not trivial, because listening is our access to understanding. Conscious listening always creates understanding, and only without conscious listening can these things happen. A world where we don't listen to each other at all is a very scary place indeed. So I'd like to share with you five simple exercises, tools you can take away with you, to improve your own conscious listening. Would you like that?
Audience: Yes!
Good. The first one is silence. Just three minutes a day of silence is a wonderful exercise to reset your ears and to recalibrate, so that you can hear the quiet again. If you can't get absolute silence, go for quiet, that's absolutely fine.
Second, I call this "the mixer." (Noise) So even if you're in a noisy environment like this -- and we all spend a lot of time in places like this -- listen in the coffee bar to how many channels of sound can I hear? How many individual channels in that mix am I listening to? You can do it in a beautiful place as well, like in a lake. How many birds am I hearing? Where are they? Where are those ripples? It's a great exercise for improving the quality of your listening.
Third, this exercise I call "savoring," and this is a beautiful exercise. It's about enjoying mundane sounds. This, for example, is my tumble dryer.
It's a waltz -- one, two, three; one, two, three; one, two, three. I love it! Or just try this one on for size.
Wow! So, mundane sounds can be really interesting -- if you pay attention. I call that the "hidden choir" -- it's around us all the time.
The next exercise is probably the most important of all of these, if you just take one thing away. This is listening positions -- the idea that you can move your listening position to what's appropriate to what you're listening to. This is playing with those filters. Remember I gave you those filters? It's starting to play with them as levers, to get conscious about them and to move to different places. These are just some of the listening positions, or scales of listening positions, that you can use. There are many.Have fun with that. It's very exciting.
And finally, an acronym. You can use this in listening, in communication. If you're in any one of those roles -- and I think that probably is everybody who's listening to this talk -- the acronym is RASA,which is the Sanskrit word for "juice" or "essence." And RASA stands for "Receive," which means pay attention to the person; "Appreciate," making little noises like "hmm," "oh," "OK"; "Summarize" -- the word "so" is very important in communication; and "Ask," ask questions afterwards.
Now sound is my passion, it's my life. I wrote a whole book about it. So I live to listen. That's too much to ask for most people. But I believe that every human being needs to listen consciously in order to live fully -- connected in space and in time to the physical world around us, connected in understanding to each other, not to mention spiritually connected, because every spiritual path I know of has listening and contemplation at its heart.
That's why we need to teach listening in our schools as a skill. Why is it not taught? It's crazy. And if we can teach listening in our schools, we can take our listening off that slippery slope to that dangerous, scary world that I talked about, and move it to a place where everybody is consciously listening all the time, or at least capable of doing it.
Now, I don't know how to do that, but this is TED, and I think the TED community is capable of anything. So I invite you to connect with me, connect with each other, take this mission out. And let's get listening taught in schools, and transform the world in one generation to a conscious, listening world -- a world of connection, a world of understanding and a world of peace.
Thank you for listening to me today.
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