创业有多艰辛？连全球最牛CEO马斯克在回顾时，当场泪崩（附视频&对话稿）
英语演讲君按
2018年2月7日凌晨，马斯克的SpaceX公司旗下猎鹰重型火箭首飞成功。这成为自阿波罗时代土星五号火箭以来，人类能设计出来的威力最大的火箭。也让马斯克“使人们生活在其他星球”的愿景向前迈进了一大步。
马斯克作为特斯拉、SpaceX和Solar City三家硅谷超牛企业的创始人，硅谷“钢铁侠”，被称为继乔布斯后唯一能改变世界的人。这样一位伟大的创业者，却在回顾自己艰辛创业历程时几度哽咽。
华尔街曾把他的公司列为最不可能成功的企业，业内无数讽刺和百般阻挠，就连他心中的英雄，也表达了否定的态度！
全世界否定你，你就一定会失败吗？不是的！马斯克用挺过无数个濒临精神崩溃的瞬间告诉我们：坚持下去，你就赢了！这个视频，你一定要看，它绝对可以给正在煎熬着的你带来勇气和信心。
https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=n05214pouw5&width=500&height=375&auto=0
1
曾经，遭到无数人的反对
马斯克创造出了划时代的特斯拉电动车，太空探索公司SpaceX开启了私营航天的新时代，成为全球第一家有能力输送物资到空间站的航天民营企业。
在未成功前，马斯克几乎受到的是一边倒的反对。
他因为美国英雄的鼓舞，创立太空探索公司SpaceX，但是这些英雄却指责他的公司“碌碌无为”，要求撤销。
做特斯拉时，“因为他们害怕电动汽车带来的巨大冲击，害怕他们的耗油车失去光芒。”所以行业大佬拼命贬低，甚至说是“没有任何用处的”。
即使上市了，还是被看衰，主持人直接在节目上告诫观众别买特斯拉股票。
就连总统候选人都在讽刺他的公司。
2
回击质疑者的最好办法
就是用实际行动让他们闭嘴
面对如此大的阻力，马斯克精神崩溃过，但是他始终没有放弃，他说：“我不知道什么叫放弃！”
既然质疑，那就用实际行动让你闭嘴！
1、面对资金紧缺，马斯克选择让特斯拉上市，行业大佬们都认为没人会支持特斯拉，但是最后结果他们错了！
最终，特斯拉不仅还清了4亿美元的贷款加利息，还通过这笔贷款为纳税人赚了2千万美元，而福特和通用汽车的贷款却一直还在拖欠。
2、私营企业做航天工程，在很多人眼里是根本不可能的事，目前也只有美国、俄罗斯、中国三个国家级的技术才有能力把物资输送到太空，但马斯克就是这么疯狂。
2015年6月 ，猎鹰9号型发生首次爆炸，接着是一次又一次爆炸，每一次火箭爆炸，消费的资金都是巨额的，马斯克压力巨大。
接着，外界开始漫天攻击马斯克，他们说SpaceX太空计划绝不可能实现，但执着，有时可以让“绝无可能”的事发生。
2015年12月，SpaceX第一次成功回收。
今天的SpaceX，估值超过210亿美元，成全球估值最高私有公司。
今天的特斯拉，市值超过550亿人民币，成为美国市值最高的汽车公司。
今天的马斯克，身价已超过百亿美金，被称为继乔布斯后唯一能改变世界的人。
在面对质疑和挫折时，马斯克仍然说：“我不放弃”！
记者问他为什么，他的回答是：“因为我不知道什么叫放弃，除非我被困住或者死去。”
或许最懂马斯克的是他的第一位前妻、科幻作家贾斯汀最懂马斯克，她曾公开评价马斯克——
“极致的成功需要极致的个性，这样的成功以其他方面的牺牲为代价。极度的成功跟你认为的‘成功’是不一样的，你不必成为像理查德或者埃隆那样的人也能过上富裕和优质的生活。你获得幸福的概率比成为伟大人物的概率更高。
但如果你是一个极端的人物，你必须做你自己，幸福对你来说已经不是人生最重要的目标了。这些人常常是怪胎或者与社会格格不入，他们总是强迫自己以一种非同寻常的方式去体验这这个世界。
他们找到生存的策略，随着年龄的增长，他们想方设法把这些策略应用的其他的事情当中，为自己创造独特的、强有力的优势。他们的思维方式不同常人，他们总能以全新的角度看待事物，找到具有洞见的创意。但是，人们常常认为他们是疯子。”
谈到马斯克，人们总是将他形容为高配版贾跃亭，但两个人显然不是同一个世界的人，虽然俩人目前都在美国，但他们不是同一类人。
有时，你只需要看远一点，事情能变得更清楚——对马斯克的信仰不会破产。
接下来一起看看马斯克近几年来接受60 Minutes的专访，从更多角度了解这个超人企业家。
https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=r05476gjo34&width=500&height=375&auto=0
Entrepreneurially courageous hazarding of his own resources in pursuit of an exhilarating purpose
Elon Musk is best known for creating PayPal and Tesla Motors. Now he is off in pursuit of his boyhood dream — going into space aboard his own company’s rockets.
Elon Musk’s SpaceX has been the fourth entity to launch a capsule into orbit and recover it afterward. The other three are Russia, the United States, and the People’s Republic of China. SpaceX is the only privately financed one.
Mr. Musk’s vision, and his ability thus far to pull it off, is so remarkable that it is virtually off the scale.
What is even more impressive — given the powerful low-lifes who inhabit politics and most of capitalism — Elon Musk is a visionary kid in an intelligent adult’s body
The most moving part of Musk’s interview with 60 Minutes comes when Scott Pelley reminded him that the famous astronauts Neil Armstrong and Gene Cernan had testified to Congress in opposition to commercial space flight.
Musk teared up, just like a well-meaning child would when an adult defecates on his attempt to follow their example:
Until last week, only four entities had flown a space capsule to the International Space Station: the United States, Russia, Japan and the European Space Agency. Elon Musk is the fifth. Musk is the wealthy Internet entrepreneur we introduced you to last March who has vowed to revolutionize space exploration by bringing down the astronomical costs. Musk's company, called SpaceX, made history on Thursday when it became the first private company to make a roundtrip flight to the space station.
It's been hailed as the beginning of a new era of commercial space travel -- an era that can't get here fast enough for NASA, which retired the space shuttle last summer and now has to pay its old rival Russia to fly American astronauts into space. And Musk's ambition doesn't stop at the space station. He's one of the contenders vying for a NASA contract to build America's next manned spacecraft -- a contest he believes he has the right stuff to win.
When the final shuttle mission ended last July, for the first time in three decades, the United States had no way to launch astronauts into space. It was the end of one era and the beginning of another. Instead of NASA designing the next manned spacecraft, the White House decided that private industry should design, build and fly it -- opening space to commercial development. One of the companies vying for that contract is SpaceX. Elon Musk is the founder and CEO.
Scott Pelley: Is what we are experiencing, at this moment in time, the turning point in man's reach for space? Going from governments to private companies like yours?
Elon Musk: I think we're at the dawn of a new era and it's-- I think it's going to be very exciting. What we're hoping to do with Space X is to push the envelope and provide a reason for people to be excited and inspired to be human.
Musk is 40 years old, a naturalized American citizen, and reportedly worth nearly $2 billion. He isn't your typical corporate CEO. As a teenager, he wrote computer games in his native South Africa before immigrating to the U.S. - and to Silicon Valley where he was one of the most successful Internet entrepreneurs - the cofounder of PayPal.
Despite a chorus of skeptics, Musk built a car company called Tesla that turns out 5,000 high-end, all electric cars a year. Another Musk company sells solar power systems. But his lifelong passion is space. And when eBay bought PayPal in 2002, Musk started looking for ways to launch his new fortune into orbit.
Elon Musk: I went to Russia to look at buying a refurbished ICBM which is a very trippy experience. It was very bizarre. Yeah, when I tell people that-- they have to, like, what?
Musk made three trips to Russia trying to buy an intercontinental ballistic missile called the Dneiper. His plan was bizarre: put a greenhouse on the rocket, land it on Mars and beam back the pictures.
Elon Musk: It would get people really excited and that would recharge human space exploration. That was--
Scott Pelley: You just wanted to get people interested in space again?
Elon Musk: Yes. Yes.
Scott Pelley: Capture the imagination.
Elon Musk: Yes. That was the idea.
Turns out the Dneiper was so expensive his idea never flew. So, Musk decided that the only way to get an affordable rocket was to build it himself. And he started SpaceX.
Elon Musk: The odds of me coming into the rocket business, not knowing anything about rockets, not having ever built anything, I mean, I would have to be insane if I thought the odds are in my favor.
Scott Pelley: Why even begin?
Elon Musk: When something is important enough you do it even if the odds are not in your favor.
Scott Pelley: How much of your personal fortune have you poured into this?
Elon Musk: $100 million.
Scott Pelley: And $100 million into something that you did not believe would work at the beginning?
Elon Musk: Yes.
Musk truly believes - that low-cost space exploration is essential to the survival of mankind.
Elon Musk: I think it's important that humanity become a multi-planet species. I think most people would agree that a future where we are a space-faring civilization is inspiring and exciting compared with one where we are forever confined to Earth until some eventual extinction event. That's really why I started SpaceX.
SpaceX is housed in a sprawling factory near Los Angeles where fuselages for Boeing 747s used to be built. From its beginning -- 10 years ago -- its goal has been revolutionary change in rocket and spacecraft manufacturing.
Scott Pelley: Now tell me what's that big piece right up there?
Elon Musk: That's the second stage of a Falcon Nine rocket.
Instead of multiple companies building parts all across the country, SpaceX builds most of its rockets and spacecraft "in-house" - based on Musk's belief that it's more efficient and lowers costs. Fourteen-hundred engineers and skilled technicians work here --building engines, rockets, space capsules - creating, mostly from scratch, the thousands of components that are the guts of a rocket.
Elon Musk: So what that means is raw metal comes in and then we build the engines, the frame, the electronics and we integrate all of that together and that's all done more or less under one roof.
Scott Pelley: At SpaceX, metal comes in one end of this factory, spaceships come out the other?
Elon Musk: Yes.
Final assembly takes place at the Cape Canaveral launch pad.
[Elon Musk: If the margin is there and we don't have margin to the fourth power, then it's fine.]
Musk has college degrees in business and physics, but SpaceX is his first venture in aerospace. He bills himself as chief designer and chief technology officer.
Scott Pelley: How did you get the expertise to be the chief technology officer of a rocket ship company?
Elon Musk: Well, I do have a physics background. That's helpful as a foundation. And then I read a lot of books and talked to a lot of, a lot of smart people.
Scott Pelley: You're self-taught?
Elon Musk: Yeah. Well, I-- self-taught, yes, meaning I didn't, I don't have an aerospace degree.
Scott Pelley: So, how did you go about acquiring the knowledge?
Elon Musk: I read a lot of books, talked to a lot of people, and have a great team.
His "team" is a mixture: there are newcomers -- mostly 30-something engineers, some of them straight out of college -- and then there are the skilled technicians and aero space veterans. Former NASA astronaut Garrett Reisman spent three months aboard the space station and flew on one of the final shuttle missions. He was brought in to help oversee the company's manned space work.
Scott Pelley: You know, I'm curious. You have so much background in engineering, such a long and enviable career at NASA. You could have easily gotten a job at Boeing or at Lockheed, but you came here and I wonder why.
Garrett Reisman: If you had a chance to go back in time and work with Howard Hughes when he was creating TWA, if you had a chance to be there at that moment when it was the dawn of a brand new era, would-- wouldn't you want to do that? I mean, that's why I'm here.
And that's why most of the engineers we met are here. Building spaceships is the chance of a lifetime.
Scott Pelley: If you reach the point of having a successful manned flight, what will you have proven?
Kevin Brogan: We're not doing it to prove anything. You know, we know it can be done. I think, we're just trying to do it a little bit differently, a little bit faster, and to push the fence a little bit farther out.
Steve Davis: And--
Scott Pelley: And--
Steve Davis: And then we can all go-- I mean, I want to go into space. I assume most people here do as well. So, there's that as well.
Scott Pelley: How many want to ride? OK. Everybody wants to go--
Steve Davis: Caroline wants--
Caroline Conley: I-- I'm-- I'm not so sure.
Four years after starting, SpaceX rolled out its first rocket: an unmanned booster called the Falcon 1.
[Voice: Falcon has cleared the tower.]
But the first three test flights failed to reach orbit.
[Voice: We are hearing from the launch control center that there has been an anomaly on the vehicle.]
Scott Pelley: When you had that third failure in a row, did you think, "I need to pack this in"?
Elon Musk: Never.
Scott Pelley: Why not?
Elon Musk: I don't ever give up. I mean, I'd have to be dead or completely incapacitated.
It turned out that the third failure was caused by a two-second glitch in the timing. Eight weeks later, Musk bet the company on another flight.
[Voice: We have lift-off.]
And this time around, everything worked.
[Voice: Perfect]
Elon Musk: If that fourth launch hadn't worked, that would have been it. We would have not had the resources to mount a fifth.
Scott Pelley: You couldn't have gone on at that point?
ELON MUSK:
Yes. Death would have been, I think inevitable because we did not have the resources to mount a fifth launch."
Scott Pelley: This is a tricky business.
Elon Musk: Tricky. Yeah, the-- with-- yeah. I wish it wasn't so hard.
[Voice: M-VAC ignition confirmed. 3.2 kilometers per second]
In 2010, SpaceX tested a larger more powerful, nine-engine rocket called the Falcon 9 and an unmanned cargo capsule known as Dragon. It was the first privately developed rocket designed to carry cargo and eventually astronauts to the space station.
In its first test flight, the Dragon capsule performed flawlessly, orbiting the earth twice before splashdown in the Pacific -- the first time a private company had launched and recovered its own spacecraft.
Scott Pelley: And this is a historic spacecraft.
Elon Musk: It is, yeah.
We came across the Dragon capsule while Musk was showing us around.
Scott Pelley: You know, what I noticed about your cargo ship is that it has windows.
Elon Musk: The windows are there in case there's an astronaut onboard who wants to look up.
Scott Pelley: But people don't put windows in cargo ships.
Elon Musk: That's right. Exactly.
Scott Pelley: So what that tells me is that this was never intended to be only a cargo ship.
Elon Musk: No it-- no, the Dragon was always designed to carry astronauts.
Musk says that a manned version of the Dragon capsule will be safer than the space shuttle and a lot cheaper. Engineers are already designing escape rockets, life support equipment and computer guidance systems. They were studying seating for seven when we were there.
Scott Pelley: Do you believe that your rocket will be the next American rocket to take an astronaut into space?
Elon Musk: I believe that is the most likely outcome, yes.
That sort of confidence has not exactly endeared him to the space establishment or to his competitors.
Scott Pelley: There are people who've been in the rocketry business for decades who say about you that you don't know what you don't know.
Elon Musk: Well, if-- I suppose that's true of anyone. How can anyone know what they don't know?
Scott Pelley: But when critics say, "You can't do this," your answer to them is?
Elon Musk: We've done it.
He's done it -- in partnership with NASA -- which has given SpaceX technical advice and a contract worth up to $1.6 billion, mostly for 12 cargo flights to the space station. But SpaceX's lack of experience bothers some NASA legends like Apollo astronauts Neil Armstrong and Gene Cernan. They've testified to Congress that the Obama administration's drive to commercialize space could compromise safety and eventually cost the taxpayers.
[Gene Cernan: Now is the time to over rule this administration's pledge to mediocrity.]
Scott Pelley: You know, there are American heroes who don't like this idea?
Elon Musk: I--
Scott Pelley: Neil Armstrong--
Elon Musk: Yeah--
Scott Pelley: --Gene Cernan have both testified against commercial space flight and the way that you're developing it, and I wonder what you think of that.
Elon Musk: I was very sad to see that because those guys are-- yeah. You know, those guys are heroes of mine, so it's really tough. You know, I wish they would come and visit, and see the hard work that we're doing here. And I think that would change their mind.
Scott Pelley: They inspired you to do this, didn't they?
Elon Musk: Yes.
Scott Pelley: And to see them casting stones in your direction?
Elon Musk: Difficult.
Scott Pelley: Did you expect them to cheer you on?
Elon Musk: Certainly hoping they would.
Scott Pelley: What are you trying to prove to them?
Elon Musk: What I'm trying to do is to make a significant difference in space flight, and help make space flight accessible to almost anyone. And I would hope for as much support in that direction as we, as we can receive.
President Obama made his support clear when he visited SpaceX's launch site just before Falcon 9's first test flight. The rocket's third and most ambitious flight blasted off from Cape Canaveral 10 days ago, carrying a space capsule called "Dragon" loaded with cargo for a complicated rendezvous with the space station, moving 17,000-mph, 240 miles above the Earth. NASA controllers put the capsule through a series of maneuvers to guarantee that flight software was working and the capsule posed no threat to the multibillion dollar station before docking was finally allowed.
[Launch control: Looks like we got a dragon by the tail.]
The Dragon capsule was released last Thursday and splashed down safely in the Pacific off Baja California. If all goes well, SpaceX will begin routine cargo deliveries to the space station later this year. But the big prize is winning the NASA contract to build America's next manned spacecraft. And Elon Musk is facing stiff competition.
Elon Musk: I'm probably not the guy that most people would bet on. Usually--
Scott Pelley: Who wins?
Elon Musk: It's like a little kid fighting a bunch of sumo wrestlers. Usually, the sumo wrestlers win. We're a little scrappy company. Every now and again, the little scrappy company wins. And I think this'll be one of those times.
https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=n05486wid3y&width=500&height=375&auto=0
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