分布式文件系统FastDFS详解
01
序
FastDFS是一个开源的轻量级分布式文件系统，它对文件进行管理，功能包括：文件存储、文件同步、文件访问（文件上传、文件下载）等，解决了大容量存储和负载均衡的问题。特别适合以文件为载体的在线服务，如相册网站、视频网站等等。
FastDFS为互联网量身定制，充分考虑了冗余备份、负载均衡、线性扩容等机制，并注重高可用、高性能等指标，使用FastDFS很容易搭建一套高性能的文件服务器集群提供文件上传、下载等服务。
02
FastDFS介绍
是一款开源的轻量级分布式文件系统，纯C实现，支持linux、freeBSD等unix系统，这种分布式存储更适合4kb--500MB之间大小的文件存储。
三种角色：
1）客户端
2）tracker追踪服务器
3）storage存储服务器
客户端请求——追踪服务器——给客户端分配一个组——最终客户端将数据写入存储组中
追踪服务器：主要负责调度工作，在访问时起到负载均衡的作用，在内存中记录集群中group和storage服务器的状态信息，是连接客户端与group和storage枢纽
Storage server：存储服务器，文件和文件属性都保存在存储服务器上
FastDFS上传机制：
FastDFS下载机制：
03
FastDFS安装准备
利用两台虚拟机进行模拟环境
fastdfs-1-1 192.168.1.128
fastdfs-1-1 192.168.1.129
yum install git -y
下载官网：https://github.com/happyfish100
下载安装依赖包libfastcommon.git
[root@fastdfs-1-1 src]# git clone https://github.com/happyfish100/libfastcommon.git
[root@fastdfs-1-1 src]# cd libfastcommon/
[root@fastdfs-1-1libfastcommon]# ll
total 36
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 6 07:13 doc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7939 Mar 6 07:13 HISTORY
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 566 Mar 6 07:13 INSTALL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1494 Mar 6 07:13 libfastcommon.spec
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3099 Mar 6 07:13 make.sh
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 6 07:13 php-fastcommon
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2763 Mar 6 07:13 README
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Mar 6 07:13 src
[root@fastdfs-1-1 libfastcommon]# ./make.sh
[root@fastdfs-1-1 libfastcommon]# ./make.sh install
04
FastDFS安装布署
下载安装fastdfs服务
[root@fastdfs-1-1 src]# wget https://github.com/happyfish100/fastdfs/archive/V5.09.tar.gz
[root@fastdfs-1-1 src]# ll
total 336
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 335132 Mar 6 07:30 fastdfs-5.09.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Mar 6 07:23 libfastcommon
[root@fastdfs-1-1 src]# tar zxf fastdfs-5.09.tar.gz
[root@fastdfs-1-1 src]# cd fastdfs-5.09
[root@fastdfs-1-1 fastdfs-5.09]# ./make.sh
[root@fastdfs-1-1 fastdfs-5.09]# ./make.sh install
[root@fastdfs-1-1 src]# ll /etc/fdfs/
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1461 Mar 6 07:32 client.conf.sample
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7927 Mar 6 07:32 storage.conf.sample
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 105 Mar 6 07:32 storage_ids.conf.sample
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7318 Mar 6 07:32 tracker.conf.sample
[root@fastdfs-1-1 src]# ll /usr/bin/fdfs_
fdfs_appender_test fdfs_download_file fdfs_test1
fdfs_appender_test1 fdfs_file_info fdfs_trackerd
fdfs_append_file fdfs_monitor fdfs_upload_appender
fdfs_crc32 fdfs_storaged fdfs_upload_file
fdfs_delete_file fdfs_test
修改默认路径
[root@fastdfs-1-1 src]# sed -i 's#/usr/local/bin#/usr/bin#g' /etc/init.d/fdfs_storaged
[root@fastdfs-1-1 src]# sed -i 's#/usr/local/bin#/usr/bin#g' /etc/init.d/fdfs_trackerd
创建数据目录
[root@fastdfs-1-1 fdfs]# mkdir /fdfs/{tracker,storage} -p
[root@fastdfs-1-1 fdfs]# mkdir /fdfs/storage/base -p
[root@fastdfs-1-1 fdfs]# mkdir /fdfs/storage/store -p
[root@fastdfs-1-1 fdfs]# ll /fdfs/
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 6 07:42 storage
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 6 07:42 tracker
修改配置文件
[root@fastdfs-1-1 fdfs]# egrep -v "^#|^$" tracker.conf
disabled=false
bind_addr= #绑定的IP
port=22122 #端口
connect_timeout=30
network_timeout=60
base_path=/fdfs/tracker #存储路径
max_connections=256
accept_threads=1
work_threads=4
min_buff_size = 8KB
max_buff_size = 128KB
store_lookup=2 #存储的模式
store_group=group2 # which group to upload file
store_server=0 # which storage server to upload file
store_path=0
download_server=0 # which storage server to download file
reserved_storage_space = 10%
# a group <= reserved_storage_space,保留的空间大小
log_level=info
run_by_group=
run_by_user=
allow_hosts=*
sync_log_buff_interval = 10
check_active_interval = 120
thread_stack_size = 64KB
storage_ip_changed_auto_adjust = true
storage_sync_file_max_delay = 86400
storage_sync_file_max_time = 300
use_trunk_file = false
slot_min_size = 256
slot_max_size = 16MB
trunk_file_size = 64MB
trunk_create_file_advance = false
trunk_create_file_time_base = 02:00
trunk_create_file_interval = 86400
trunk_create_file_space_threshold = 20G
trunk_init_check_occupying = false
trunk_init_reload_from_binlog = false
trunk_compress_binlog_min_interval = 0
use_storage_id = false
storage_ids_filename = storage_ids.conf
id_type_in_filename = ip
store_slave_file_use_link = false
rotate_error_log = false
error_log_rotate_time=00:00
rotate_error_log_size = 0
log_file_keep_days = 0
use_connection_pool = false
connection_pool_max_idle_time = 3600
http.server_port=8080
http.check_alive_interval=30
http.check_alive_type=tcp
http.check_alive_uri=/status.html
[root@fastdfs-1-2 fdfs]# /etc/init.d/fdfs_trackerd start
Starting FastDFS tracker server:
[root@fastdfs-1-2 fdfs]# lsof -i :22122
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
fdfs_trac 5913 root 5u IPv4 30701 0t0 TCP *:22122 (LISTEN)
[root@fastdfs-1-1 fdfs]# egrep -v "^#|^$" storage.conf
disabled=false
group_name=group1
bind_addr=
client_bind=true
port=23000
connect_timeout=30
network_timeout=60
heart_beat_interval=30
stat_report_interval=60
base_path=/fdfs/storage/base
max_connections=256
buff_size = 256KB
accept_threads=1
work_threads=4
disk_rw_separated = true
disk_reader_threads = 1
disk_writer_threads = 1
sync_wait_msec=50
sync_interval=0
sync_start_time=00:00
sync_end_time=23:59
write_mark_file_freq=500
store_path_count=1
store_path0=/fdfs/storage/store
subdir_count_per_path=256
tracker_server=192.168.1.128:22122
tracker_server=192.168.1.129:22122
log_level=info
run_by_group=
run_by_user=
allow_hosts=*
file_distribute_path_mode=0
file_distribute_rotate_count=100
fsync_after_written_bytes=0
sync_log_buff_interval=10
sync_binlog_buff_interval=10
sync_stat_file_interval=300
thread_stack_size=512KB
upload_priority=10
if_alias_prefix=
check_file_duplicate=0
file_signature_method=hash
key_namespace=FastDFS
keep_alive=0
use_access_log = false
rotate_access_log = false
access_log_rotate_time=00:00
rotate_error_log = false
error_log_rotate_time=00:00
rotate_access_log_size = 0
rotate_error_log_size = 0
log_file_keep_days = 0
file_sync_skip_invalid_record=false
use_connection_pool = false
connection_pool_max_idle_time = 3600
http.domain_name=
http.server_port=8888
注：两台服务器保持一致即可
[root@fastdfs-1-1 fdfs]# /etc/init.d/fdfs_storaged start
Starting FastDFS storage server:
查看端口
[root@fastdfs-1-1 fdfs]# lsof -i :22122
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
fdfs_trac 3622 root 5u IPv4 32395 0t0 TCP *:22122 (LISTEN)
fdfs_trac 3622 root 18w IPv4 100079 0t0 TCP 192.168.1.128:38516->192.168.1.129:22122 (ESTABLISHED)
fdfs_trac 3622 root19u IPv4 87578 0t0 TCP 192.168.1.128:22122->192.168.1.129:40755 (ESTABLISHED)
fdfs_trac 3622 root 22u IPv4 100019 0t0 TCP 192.168.1.128:22122->192.168.1.128:46962 (ESTABLISHED)
fdfs_stor 3640 root 20u IPv4 100042 0t0 TCP 192.168.1.128:38511->192.168.1.129:22122 (ESTABLISHED)
fdfs_stor 3640 root 21u IPv4 100043 0t0 TCP 192.168.1.128:46962->192.168.1.128:22122 (ESTABLISHED)
[root@fastdfs-1-1 fdfs]# lsof -i :23000
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
fdfs_stor 3640 root 5u IPv4 100024 0t0 TCP *:inovaport1 (LISTEN)
fdfs_stor 3640 root 19u IPv4 100040 0t0 TCP 192.168.1.128:inovaport1->192.168.1.129:42800 (ESTABLISHED)
fdfs_stor 3640 root 23u IPv4 100076 0t0 TCP 192.168.1.128:50933->192.168.1.129:inovaport1 (ESTABLISHED)
05
FastDFS客户端配置
客户端配置文件修改后如下
[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/fdfs/client.conf
connect_timeout=30
network_timeout=60
base_path=/tmp
tracker_server=192.168.1.128:22122
tracker_server=192.168.1.129:22122
log_level=info
use_connection_pool = false
connection_pool_max_idle_time = 3600
load_fdfs_parameters_from_tracker=false
use_storage_id = false
storage_ids_filename = storage_ids.conf
http.tracker_server_port=80
测试上传文件
[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# fdfs_upload_file
Usage: fdfs_upload_file <config_file> <local_filename> [storage_ip:port] [store_path_index]
[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# fdfs_upload_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf /etc/passwd
group1/M00/00/00/wKgBgFi9Z2aAXQdkAAAHT15G9sc8427272
返回客户端一个fileid
[root@fastdfs-1-1 data]# pwd
/fdfs/storage/store/data
默认在数据存储目录下会创建256个目录,然后在每个目录中又创建256个目录,如下图
[root@fastdfs-1-1 00]# cd 00/
[root@fastdfs-1-1 00]# ls
wKgBgFi9Z2aAXQdkAAAHT15G9sc8427272
##刚刚上传的文件
[root@fastdfs-1-1 00]# md5sum wKgBgFi9Z2aAXQdkAAAHT15G9sc8427272
9ced869ca031da653ee8b3b708666a28 wKgBgFi9Z2aAXQdkAAAHT15G9sc8427272
将上传的文件下载下来
[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# fdfs_download_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf group1/M00/00/00/wKgBgFi9Z2aAXQdkAAAHT15G9sc8427272
通过检测MD5值来判断是否是同一文件
[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# md5sum wKgBgFi9Z2aAXQdkAAAHT15G9sc8427272
9ced869ca031da653ee8b3b708666a28 wKgBgFi9Z2aAXQdkAAAHT15G9sc8427272
[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# md5sum /etc/passwd
9ced869ca031da653ee8b3b708666a28 /etc/passwd
06
FastDFS常用命令介绍
fdfs_appender_test ：追加测试
fdfs_crc32
fdfs_file_info ：查看文件相关信息
fdfs_test ：文件测试
fdfs_upload_appender ：更新追加文件
fdfs_appender_test1 ：追加文件测试
fdfs_delete_file ：删除文件
fdfs_monitor ：监控客户端
fdfs_test1 ：测试
fdfs_upload_file ：上传文件
fdfs_append_file ：追加文件（先使用fdfs_upload_appender命令更新文件）
fdfs_download_file ：下载文件
fdfs_storaged ：存储系统启动命令
fdfs_trackerd ：追踪系统启动命令
实例操作
查看文件信息
[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# fdfs_file_info /etc/fdfs/client.conf group1/M00/00/00/wKgBgFi9Z2aAXQdkAAAHT15G9sc8427272
source storage id: 0
source ip address: 192.168.1.128
file create timestamp: 2017-03-06 08:43:02
file size: 1871
file crc32: 1581708999 (0x5E46F6C7)
删除文件
[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# fdfs_delete_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf +文件ID
追加文件内容
[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# echo "hello" >test01.txt
[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# echo "world" >test02.txt
[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# fdfs_upload_appender /etc/fdfs/client.conf test01.txt
group1/M00/00/00/wKgBgFi9bM6EcC2vAAAAAHcc3SA979.txt
[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# fdfs_download_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf group1/M00/00/00/wKgBgFi9bM6EcC2vAAAAAHcc3SA979.txt
[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# cat wKgBgFi9bM6EcC2vAAAAAHcc3SA979.txt
hello
[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# fdfs_append_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf group1/M00/00/00/wKgBgFi9bM6EcC2vAAAAAHcc3SA979.txt test02.txt
[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# fdfs_download_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf group1/M00/00/00/wKgBgFi9bM6EcC2vAAAAAHcc3SA979.txt
[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# cat wKgBgFi9bM6EcC2vAAAAAHcc3SA979.txt
hello
world
END