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容器技术｜Docker三剑客之docker-machine
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Docker-machine是什么？
ocker-machine就是docker公司官方提出的，用于在各种平台上快速创建具有docker服务的虚拟机的技术，甚至可以通过指定driver来定制虚拟机的实现原理（一般是virtualbox）。
Docker 与 Docker Machine 的区别
Docker 是一个 Client-Server 架构的应用，Docker是大家对Docker Engine简称。
Docker包括以下三个部分：
1、Docker daemon
2、一套与 Docker daemon 交互的 REST API
3、一个命令行客户端
下图很清晰的展示了它们之间的关系：
Docker Machine 是安装和管理 Docker 的工具。它有命令行工具：docker-machine。
docker-machine安装
[root@master ~]# curl -L https://github.com/docker/machine/releases/download/v0.14.0/docker-machine-`uname -s`-`uname -m` >/tmp/docker-machine
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 617 0 617 0 0 390 0 --:--:-- 0:00:01 --:--:-- 390
100 26.7M 100 26.7M 0 0 1618k 0 0:00:16 0:00:16 --:--:-- 3622k
[root@master ~]# chmod +x /tmp/docker-machine
[root@master ~]# cp /tmp/docker-machine /usr/local/bin/docker-machine
[root@master ~]# ll /usr/local/bin/docker-machine
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 28034848 6月 12 15:24 /usr/local/bin/docker-machine
[root@master ~]# docker-machine -v
docker-machine version 0.14.0, build 89b8332
docker-machine命令
[root@master ~]# docker-machine --help
Usage: docker-machine [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...]
Create and manage machines running Docker.
Version: 0.14.0, build 89b8332
Author:
Docker Machine Contributors - <https://github.com/docker/machine>
Options:
--debug, -D Enable debug mode
--storage-path, -s "/root/.docker/machine" Configures storage path [$MACHINE_STORAGE_PATH]
--tls-ca-cert CA to verify remotes against [$MACHINE_TLS_CA_CERT]
--tls-ca-key Private key to generate certificates [$MACHINE_TLS_CA_KEY]
--tls-client-cert Client cert to use for TLS [$MACHINE_TLS_CLIENT_CERT]
--tls-client-key Private key used in client TLS auth [$MACHINE_TLS_CLIENT_KEY]
--github-api-token Token to use for requests to the Github API [$MACHINE_GITHUB_API_TOKEN]
--native-ssh Use the native (Go-based) SSH implementation. [$MACHINE_NATIVE_SSH]
--bugsnag-api-token BugSnag API token for crash reporting [$MACHINE_BUGSNAG_API_TOKEN]
--help, -h show help
--version, -v print the version
Commands:
active Print which machine is active
config Print the connection config for machine
create Create a machine
env Display the commands to set up the environment for the Docker client
inspect Inspect information about a machine
ip Get the IP address of a machine
kill Kill a machine
ls List machines
provision Re-provision existing machines
regenerate-certs Regenerate TLS Certificates for a machine
restart Restart a machine
rm Remove a machine
ssh Log into or run a command on a machine with SSH.
scp Copy files between machines
mount Mount or unmount a directory from a machine with SSHFS.
start Start a machine
status Get the status of a machine
stop Stop a machine
upgrade Upgrade a machine to the latest version of Docker
url Get the URL of a machine
version Show the Docker Machine version or a machine docker version
help Shows a list of commands or help for one command
docker-machine active
#显示当前的活动主机
docker-machine config
#显示连接主机的配置
docker-machine create
#创建一个主机
docker-machine env
#设置当前的环境与哪个主机通信
docker-machine inspect
#查看主机的详细信息
docker-machine ip
#查看主机的IP
docker-machine kill
#强制关闭一个主机
docker-machine ls
#查看所有的主机信息
docker-machine provision
#重新配置现在主机
docker-machine regenerate-certs
#为主机重新生成证书
docker-machine restart
#重启主机
docker-machine rm
#删除主机
docker-machine ssh
#以SSH的方式连接到主机上
docker-machine scp
#远程复制
docker-machine status
#查看主机的状态
docker-machine stop
#停止一个正在运行的主机
docker-machine upgrade
#升级主机的docker服务到最新版本
docker-machine version
#查看docker-machine版本
常用实例操作
[root@master ~]
[root@master ~]
#两个命令的作用相同，创建一个名为testhost的主机，驱动方式是virtualbox
[root@master ~]
Creating CA: /root/.docker/machine/certs/ca.pem
Creating client certificate: /root/.docker/machine/certs/cert.pem
Running pre-create checks...
Error with pre-create check: "VBoxManage not found. Make sure VirtualBox is installed and VBoxManage is in the path"
#报错提示没有发现VBoxManage。因此，需要手工安装，具体安装操作如下。
安装Virtualbox驱动
1、配置Yum源
[root@master ~]
[virtualbox]
name=Oracle Linux / RHEL / CentOS-$releasever / $basearch - VirtualBox
baseurl=http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/rpm/el/$releasever/$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox.asc
2、查看可安装的版本
[root@master ~]# yum search VirtualBox #查找具体安装版本
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.163.com
* epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn
* updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn
============== N/S matched: VirtualBox ===================================
VirtualBox-4.3.x86_64 : Oracle VM VirtualBox
VirtualBox-5.0.x86_64 : Oracle VM VirtualBox
VirtualBox-5.1.x86_64 : Oracle VM VirtualBox
VirtualBox-5.2.x86_64 : Oracle VM VirtualBox
[root@master ~]# yum install -y VirtualBox-5.2 #安装
3、加载virtualbox
[root@master ~]# /sbin/vboxconfig #重新加载virtualbox服务
vboxdrv.sh: Stopping VirtualBox services.
vboxdrv.sh: Building VirtualBox kernel modules.
This system is currently not set up to build kernel modules.
Please install the Linux kernel "header" files matching the current kernel
for adding new hardware support to the system.
The distribution packages containing the headers are probably:
kernel-devel kernel-devel-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
This system is currently not set up to build kernel modules.
Please install the Linux kernel "header" files matching the current kernel
for adding new hardware support to the system.
The distribution packages containing the headers are probably:
kernel-devel kernel-devel-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
There were problems setting up VirtualBox. To re-start the set-up process, run
/sbin/vboxconfig
as root.
#如果内核版本不一致，会出现上面的报错，需要安装相同的内核版本
4、安装对应的内核版本
[root@master ~]# rpm -ivh kernel-devel-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64.rpm
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:kernel-devel-3.10.0-693.el7 ################################# [100%]
[root@slave1 ~]# yum install gcc make perl -y
[root@slave1 ~]# rpm -qa kernel\*
kernel-tools-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
kernel-devel-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
kernel-tools-libs-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
kernel-headers-3.10.0-862.3.2.el7.x86_64
[root@slave1 ~]# /sbin/vboxconfig
vboxdrv.sh: Stopping VirtualBox services.
vboxdrv.sh: Building VirtualBox kernel modules.
vboxdrv.sh: Starting VirtualBox services.
重新安装
[root@centos7 ~]
Running pre-create checks...
Error with pre-create check: "This computer doesn't have VT-X/AMD-v enabled. Enabling it in the BIOS is mandatory"
#这个报错不用解释了吧，没有开启虚拟化功能，直接打开
[root@centos7 ~]
Running pre-create checks...
(default) No default Boot2Docker ISO found locally, downloading the latest release...
(default) Latest release for github.com/boot2docker/boot2docker is v18.05.0-ce
(default) Downloading /root/.docker/machine/cache/boot2docker.iso from https://github.com/boot2docker/boot2docker/releases/download/v18.05.0-ce/boot2docker.iso...
(default) 0%....10%....20%....30%....40%....50%....60%....70%....80%....90%....100%
Creating machine...
(default) Copying /root/.docker/machine/cache/boot2docker.iso to /root/.docker/machine/machines/default/boot2docker.iso...
(default) Creating VirtualBox VM...
(default) Creating SSH key...
(default) Starting the VM...
(default) Check network to re-create if needed...
(default) Found a new host-only adapter: "vboxnet0"
(default) Waiting for an IP...
Waiting for machine to be running, this may take a few minutes...
Detecting operating system of created instance...
Waiting for SSH to be available...
Detecting the provisioner...
Provisioning with boot2docker...
Copying certs to the local machine directory...
Copying certs to the remote machine...
Setting Docker configuration on the remote daemon...
Checking connection to Docker...
Docker is up and running!
To see how to connect your Docker Client to the Docker Engine running on this virtual machine, run: docker-machine env default
#可以先安装个默认的虚拟机
[root@centos7 ~]# docker-machine ls
NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS
default - virtualbox Running tcp://192.168.99.100:2376 v18.05.0-ce
[root@centos7 ~]# docker-machine status
Running
接下来配置环境变量，方便后面直接操作主机
[root@centos7 ~]
export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY="1"
export DOCKER_HOST="tcp://192.168.99.100:2376"
export DOCKER_CERT_PATH="/root/.docker/machine/machines/default"
export DOCKER_MACHINE_NAME="default"
# Run this command to configure your shell:
# eval $(docker-machine env default)
[root@centos7 ~]# eval $(docker-machine env default)
#连接虚拟主机
[root@centos7 ~]# docker-machine ssh default
## .
## ## ## ==
## ## ## ## ## ===
/"""""""""""""""""\___/ ===
~~~ {~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~ / ===- ~~~
\______ o __/
\ \ __/
\____\_______/
_ _ ____ _ _
| |__ ___ ___ | |_|___ \ __| | ___ ___| | _____ _ __
| '_ \ / _ \ / _ \| __| __) / _` |/ _ \ / __| |/ / _ \ '__|
| |_) | (_) | (_) | |_ / __/ (_| | (_) | (__| < __/ |
|_.__/ \___/ \___/ \__|_____\__,_|\___/ \___|_|\_\___|_|
Boot2Docker version 18.05.0-ce, build HEAD : b5d6989 - Thu May 10 16:35:28 UTC 2018
Docker version 18.05.0-ce, build f150324
docker@default:~$ docker --version
Docker version 18.05.0-ce, build f150324
#正常进入虚拟机
实例
两台服务器
本地主机：192.168.22.177
远程主机：192.168.22.175
可能大家还是不太明白，这个docker-machine到底有什么用？docker容器的好处都知道了。而docker-machine可以在本地布署相应环境的同时完成远程docker主机相同环境的布署，减少重复的操作。
1、配置免密登录
[root@test001 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:7Ue0bc08pEs+PonJqy7/hyxUhNO4uEegVizX4EJC8J8 root@centos7.3
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| .oo ...o + |
| . o..= = o |
| . .=.o + . . |
| .oo. + o oo+ |
| .E S o ooo.+|
| . + .o.. .|
| o + =+. |
| . . B.+. |
| +++oo.. |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@centos7 ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.22.175
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.22.175 (192.168.22.175)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:p6+FPeTxTUx37cwJWJP8cUE9NhcUHSvAppVPyj4aj8c.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:89:6d:f7:46:11:45:2e:fd:21:87:42:bd:62:06:fe:fd.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.22.175's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.22.175'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@test001 ~]# ssh 192.168.22.175
Last login: Tue Apr 24 06:51:06 2018 from 192.168.22.170
[root@test002 ~]# ip add |grep 192.168.22
inet 192.168.22.175/24 brd 192.168.22.255 scope global ens32
2、创建远程主机
远程主机需要安装有docker环境
[root@test001 ~]# docker-machine create -d generic --generic-ip-address=192.168.22.175 --generic-ssh-user=root --engine-registry-mirror http://ef017c13.m.daocloud.io dockerhost
Running pre-create checks...
Creating machine...
(dockerhost) No SSH key specified. Assuming an existing key at the default location.
Waiting for machine to be running, this may take a few minutes...
Detecting operating system of created instance...
Waiting for SSH to be available...
Detecting the provisioner...
Provisioning with centos...
Copying certs to the local machine directory...
Copying certs to the remote machine...
Setting Docker configuration on the remote daemon...
Checking connection to Docker...
Docker is up and running!
To see how to connect your Docker Client to the Docker Engine running on this virtual machine, run: docker-machine env dockerhost
[root@test001 ~]# docker-machine ls
NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS
dockerhost - generic Running tcp://192.168.22.175:2376 v1.13.1
3、配置环境变量
[root@centos7 ~]# docker-machine env dockerhost
export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY="1"
export DOCKER_HOST="tcp://192.168.22.175:2376"
export DOCKER_CERT_PATH="/root/.docker/machine/machines/dockerhost"
export DOCKER_MACHINE_NAME="dockerhost"
# Run this command to configure your shell:
# eval $(docker-machine env dockerhost)
[root@test001 ~]# eval $(docker-machine env dockerhost)
[root@test001 ~]# docker-machine ssh dockerhost
Last login: Thu Jun 14 02:32:42 2018 from 192.168.22.177
[root@dockerhost ~]# docker --version
Docker version 1.13.1, build 94f4240/1.13.1
4、运行一个容器
[root@test001 ~]# docker run -d nginx:1.13
Unable to find image 'nginx:1.13' locally
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/nginx ...
sha256:b1d09e9718890e6ebbbd2bc319ef1611559e30ce1b6f56b2e3b479d9da51dc35: Pulling from docker.io/library/nginx
f2aa67a397c4: Pull complete
3c091c23e29d: Pull complete
4a99993b8636: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:b1d09e9718890e6ebbbd2bc319ef1611559e30ce1b6f56b2e3b479d9da51dc35
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/nginx:1.13
72efb659ec38d263519c894bf0b5eb3d5ca35af1e3d0e9522abbcc19d8739403
[root@test001 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/nginx 1.13 ae513a47849c 6 weeks ago 109 MB
[root@test001 ~]# docker-machine ssh dockerhost
Last login: Thu Jun 14 02:58:51 2018 from 192.168.22.177
[root@dockerhost ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/nginx 1.13 ae513a47849c 6 weeks ago 109 MB
#由此可以发现，利用docker-machine可以减少重复操作，便于环境的创建
关于Docker容器技术的基础知识点，可以阅读下面的文章 ：
推荐阅读
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