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每天学一个 Linux 命令（83）：yum
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命令简介
yum 命令是基于 RPM 的软件包管理器。
yum 可以自动执行系统更新，包括依赖关系分析和基于“存储库”元数据的过时处理。它还可以执行新软件包的安装，旧软件包的删除以及对已安装或可用软件包以及其他命令/服务的查询。yum 命令类似于 apt-get 和 smart 等其他高级软件包管理器。
语法格式
yum [options] [command] [package ...]
选项说明
-h #显示帮助信息
-y #对所有提示，都是“yes”确认
-c #指定配置文件
-q #安静模式
-v #详细模式
-d #设置调试等级（0-10）
-e #设置错误等级（0-10）
-R #设置yum处理一个命令的最大等待时间
-C #完全从缓存中运行，而不去下载或者更新任何头文件
install #安装rpm软件包
update #更新rpm软件包
check-update #检查是否有可用的更新rpm软件包
remove #删除指定的rpm软件包
list #显示软件包的信息
search #检查软件包的信息
info #显示指定的rpm软件包的描述信息和概要信息
clean #清理yum过期的缓存
shell #进入yum的shell提示符
resolvedep #显示rpm软件包的依赖关系
localinstall #安装本地的rpm软件包
localupdate #显示本地rpm软件包进行更新
deplist #显示rpm软件包的所有依赖关系
应用举例
安装
yum install #全部安装
yum install package1 #安装指定的安装包package1
yum groupinsall group1 #安装程序组group1
更新和升级
yum update #全部更新
yum update package1 #更新指定程序包package1
yum check-update #检查可更新的程序
yum upgrade package1 #升级指定程序包package1
yum groupupdate group1 #升级程序组group1
查找和显示
# 检查 MySQL 是否已安装
yum list installed | grep mysql
#显示安装包httpd的所有信息
[root@centos7 ~]# yum info httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Installed Packages
Name : httpd
Arch : x86_64
Version : 2.4.6
Release : 97.el7.centos
Size : 9.4 M
Repo : installed
From repo : updates
Summary : Apache HTTP Server
URL : http://httpd.apache.org/
License : ASL 2.0
Description : The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful, efficient, and extensible
: web server.
yum list #显示所有已经安装和可以安装的程序包
#显示httpd程序的安装情况
[root@centos7 ~]# yum list httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Installed Packages
httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-97.el7.centos @updates
yum search string #根据关键字string查找安装包
删除程序
yum remove | erase package1 #删除程序包package1
yum groupremove group1 #删除程序组group1
查看程序httpd安装包的依赖情况
[root@centos7 ~]# yum deplist httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
package: httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-97.el7.centos
dependency: /bin/sh
provider: bash.x86_64 4.2.46-34.el7
dependency: /etc/mime.types
provider: mailcap.noarch 2.1.41-2.el7
dependency: /usr/sbin/groupadd
provider: shadow-utils.x86_64 2:4.6-5.el7
.......................
dependency: rtld(GNU_HASH)
provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-323.el7_9
provider: glibc.i686 2.17-323.el7_9
dependency: system-logos >= 7.92.1-1
provider: centos-logos.noarch 70.0.6-3.el7.centos
dependency: systemd-units
provider: systemd.x86_64 219-78.el7_9.3
清除缓存
yum clean packages #清除缓存目录下的软件包
yum clean headers #清除缓存目录下的 headers
yum clean oldheaders #清除缓存目录下旧的 headers
查看可批量安装的组列表
[root@centos7 ~]# yum grouplist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Available Environment Groups:
Minimal Install
Compute Node
Infrastructure Server
File and Print Server
Cinnamon Desktop
MATE Desktop
Basic Web Server
Virtualization Host
Server with GUI
GNOME Desktop
KDE Plasma Workspaces
Development and Creative Workstation
Available Groups:
Cinnamon
Compatibility Libraries
Console Internet Tools
Development Tools
Educational Software
Electronic Lab
Fedora Packager
General Purpose Desktop
Graphical Administration Tools
Haskell
LXQt Desktop
Legacy UNIX Compatibility
MATE
Milkymist
Scientific Support
Security Tools
Smart Card Support
System Administration Tools
System Management
TurboGears application framework
Xfce
Done
查看组Xfce的所有信息
[root@centos7 ~]# yum groupinfo Xfce
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Group: Xfce
Group-Id: xfce-desktop
Description: A lightweight desktop environment that works well on low end machines.
Mandatory Packages:
+Thunar
+xfce4-panel
+xfce4-session
+xfce4-settings
+xfconf
+xfdesktop
+xfwm4
Default Packages:
+NetworkManager-gnome
+gdm
+leafpad
+openssh-askpass
+orage
+polkit-gnome
+thunar-archive-plugin
+thunar-volman
+tumbler
+xfce4-appfinder
+xfce4-icon-theme
+xfce4-power-manager
+xfce4-pulseaudio-plugin
+xfce4-session-engines
+xfce4-terminal
+xfwm4-theme-nodoka
Optional Packages:
xfwm4-themes
Conditional Packages:
+pinentry-gtk
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