[COP27专题] 气候变化 | Science Bulletin
2022年11月6日至18日,第27届联合国气候变化大会(COP27)将在埃及海滨城市沙姆沙伊赫举办。本届气候大会将有近200个国家的政府部门、工商业界、智库机构、新闻媒体及国际组织的代表三万多人参会,围绕300多个全球应对气候变化的重要问题展开讨论。
2022年世界经历了更多的、破纪录的或前所未有的极端天气和次生自然灾害。因此,极端天气气候及其灾害和影响的应对问题,预期将会受到高度关注。
科学是决策的基础。这里,汇集了Science Bulletin近年来发表的与气候变化相关的文章,以飨读者。
Editor’s Choice: Climate Change
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Zhou Shijie, Huang Ping, Xie Shang-Ping, et al. Varying contributions of fast and slow responses cause asymmetric tropical rainfall change between CO2 ramp-up and ramp-down. Science Bulletin, 2022, 67(16): 1702-1711
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095927322002948
Hu Dan, Jiang Dabang, Tian Zhiping, Lang Xianmei. How skillful was the projected temperature over China during 2002–2018? Science Bulletin, 2022, 67(10): 1077-1085
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095927322000639
Li Tim, Wang Yuhao, Wang Bin, et al. Distinctive South and East Asian monsoon circulation responses to global warming. Science Bulletin, 2022, 67(7): 762-770
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2095927321007453
Song Se-Yong, Yeh Sang-Wook, An Soon-Il, et al. Asymmetrical response of summer rainfall in East Asia to CO2 forcing. Science Bulletin, 2022, 67(2): 213-222
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209592732100596X
Zhu Huanhuan, Jiang Zhihong, Li Laurent. Projection of climate extremes in China, an incremental exercise from CMIP5 to CMIP6. Science Bulletin, 2021, 66(24): 2528-2537
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095927321005077
Nikolaos Christidis, Peter A. Stott. The influence of anthropogenic climate change on wet and dry summers in Europe. Science Bulletin, 2021, 66(8): 813-823
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095927321000566
Chen Huopo, Sun Jianqi. Anthropogenic influence has increased climate extreme occurrence over China. Science Bulletin, 2021, 66(8): 749-752
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095927320307246
Jiao Nianzhi, Chen Fahu, Hou Zengqian. Combating climate change in a post-COVID-19 era. Science Bulletin, 2020, 65 (23): 1958-1960
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095927320305387
Li Qingxiang, Sun Wenbin, Huang Boyin, et al. Consistency of global warming trends strengthened since 1880s. Science Bulletin, 2020, 65 (20): 1709-1712
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095927320303881
Xia Yan, Hu Yongyun, Liu Jiping. Comparison of trends in the Hadley circulation between CMIP6 and CMIP5. Science Bulletin, 2020, 65 (19): 1667-1674
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209592732030390X
Chen Huopo, Sun Jianqi, Lin Wenqing, Xu Huiwen. Comparison of CMIP6 and CMIP5 models in simulating climate extremes. Science Bulletin, 2020, 65 (17) : 1415-1418
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095927320303169
Yu Yang, Chen Xi, Disse Markus, et al. Climate change in Central Asia: Sino-German cooperative research findings. Science Bulletin, 2020, 65(9): 689-692
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095927320300700
Zhang Da-Lin. Rapid urbanization and more extreme rainfall events. Science Bulletin, 2020, 65(7): 516-518
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095927320300633
Yang Fan, Huang Jianping, Zhou Chenglong, et al. Taklimakan desert carbon-sink decreases under climate change. Science Bulletin, 2020, 65(6): 431-433
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095927319307212
Zhang Wenxia, Zhou Tianjun. Increasing impacts from extreme precipitation on population over China with global warming. Science Bulletin, 2020, 65(3): 243-252
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095927319306899
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联合国气候变化大会简称COP(Conference of the Parties),是《联合国气候变化框架公约》(UNFCCC,全称是The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)缔约方会议的缩写。
1992年里约联合国环境与发展大会通过了《联合国气候变化框架公约》,该公约是国际社会在应对全球气候变化问题上进行国际合作的基本框架,具有法律效力。
从1995年起,全球各国每年举行一次缔约方会议(即COP会议),以公约为基础,讨论如何共同应对气候变化问题。COP是全球进行气候变化谈判的多边谈判场合。
COP27即第27届缔约方会议。COP27是在联合国领导下为实现具有里程碑意义的《巴黎协定》目标而举行的年度大会,关系到全人类的共同未来。
《巴黎协定》
为了应对全球气候变化,197个国家于2015年12月12日在巴黎召开的COP21会议上通过《巴黎协定》, 旨在大幅减少全球温室气体排放,将本世纪全球气温升幅限制在2℃以内,同时寻求将气温升幅进一步限制在1.5℃以内的措施。
《巴黎协定》已经于2016年11月4日正式生效,是具有法律约束力的国际条约。目前共有193个缔约方(192个国家加上欧盟)正式加入了《巴黎协定》。
《巴黎协定》是一个以气候变化科学为基础的国际协议,但影响到能源、金融、环保、产业等经济问题,涉及到国际关系和现实政治问题,因此每年的COP会议的关注点会有不同的侧重。