BBC · 6分钟 | Will robots take our jobs?

BBC · 6 Minute Englishh 

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Will robots take our jobs?

If you are sitting at a desk, driving a taxi or answering the phone, stop for a moment and ask: could a robot or machine do this job better? The answer, unfortunately for you, might well be yes. These days more and more jobs are done more efficiently by a machine. Listen to Neil and Finn's conversation and learn new vocabulary.

This week's question

What makes a job more likely to be done by robots? Is it if a job involves…

a) manipulating small objects?

b) working in open spaces?

c) social and emotional skills?

You can hear the right answer at the end of the programme.

Vocabulary

• automation
  the use of machines to do work that people do or used to do

• susceptible to
  likely to be affected by

• manual dexterity
  good with your hands

• cognitive labour
  using your mind to perform a task

• noggin
  head (informal)

• white collar
  a job you do at an office rather than a factory

• artificial intelligence (AI)
  a computer’s ability to copy intelligent human behaviour

• keeping your fingers crossed
  hoping that things are going to turn out the way you want them to

Transcript

Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript.

Neil
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil…

Finn
… and I'm Finn. Hello.

Neil
Hello there, Finn. Now, what do you know about robots?

Finn
Robots? Well, (Finn does an impression of a robot voice) they talk in a funny way… like that!

Neil
Yes. You sound quite convincing there actually, Finn. 

Finn
Do you like it?

Neil
Yes, I do. Is there anything else you know about robots?

Finn
Well, there are… there are a couple of good ones in the Star Wars, aren't there?

Neil
Oh, yes. R2-D2 and C-3PO. C-3PO talks in quite a human voice.

Finn
He does. But of course that's science fiction not real life.

Neil
No. But things have moved on in real life. The use of machines to do work that people do or used to do is called automation and that's the subject of today's show.

Finn  
But before we talk more about this, l'd like you, Neil, to answer today's quiz question. What makes a job more likely to be done by robots? Is it if a job involves…

a) manipulating small objects?

b) working in open spaces?

Or c) social and emotional skills?

Neil
Hmm… OK. Well, I'm going to guess. Manipulating small objects, I think.

Finn
Interesting. OK, we'll find out if you're right or wrong later on. Now, two UK academics have calculated how susceptible to – that means likely to be affected by – how susceptible to automation each job is based on some key skills. And these include negotiation, persuasion, caring for others, originality, and manual dexterity – now that means being good with your hands.

Neil
So do you think intelligent machines could replace us?

Finn
Well, maybe you, Neil. Not me, no. I have all the key skills you know – I'm original… persuasive… of course very caring and very good with my hands as well, I think.

Neil
Well I'm very glad that you're safe, Finn! 

Finn
Thank you.

Neil
However, a study from Oxford University has suggested that 35% of existing UK jobs are being automated in the next 20 years. Let’s listen to Michael Osborne from Oxford University talking about this.

INSERT
Michael Osborne, University of Oxford
Computers are increasingly able to learn in a way that in short has been a reserve of human beings. So in their ability to learn, computers are able to perform a much wider range of tasks than they've been able to do in the past. So as a result it's not just manual labour that's coming under threat of automation. It's increasingly cognitive labour – the labour of the mind.

Finn
Michael Osborne. And cognitive labour means using your noggin – that's using or head!So computers and machines are using their noggins and getting smarter. And office workers who do repetitive jobs such as drawing up spreadsheets could be replaced with software. But surely jobs like being a doctor or a lawyer are safe, Neil?

Neil
Well, some white-collar jobs may be less safe than you think. At one city law firm junior staff have to read through contracts, assessing them for risks. But now an artificial intelligence programme can do that faster and better.

Finn
So white collar refers to a job that you do at an office rather than a factory. And artificial intelligence refers to a computer's ability to copy intelligent human behaviour. Now let’s listen to Matthew Whalley from a city law firm to find out what he thinks.

INSERT
Matthew Whalley, Berwin Leigton Paisner
What you're seeing the robot do now, the robot can do in three seconds what would take a group of lawyers days to do. And the advantage is that it can do huge volumes, incredibly reliably in unbelievable times. There is a huge amount of this work to do and lawyers have far better higher-value legal analysis to worry about. 

Neil
Well he thinks that there is work for the lawyers and the computers. In fact it sounds like a good division of labour – the computers do the boring stuff and the lawyers do the more interesting work!

Finn
Yes. Well, let's keep our fingers crossed that we've got good prospects. You know, I don't want our listeners to (robot voice) start listening to robot presenters any time soon!

Neil
Indeed, we need! We talk about keeping our fingers crossed when we hope that things are going to turn out in the way we want them to in the future.

Finn
That's right. So shall we hear the answer to today's quiz question? Neil, I asked you: What makes a job more likely to be done by robots? Is it if a job involves… a) manipulating small objects? b) working in open spaces? Or c) social and emotional skills?

Neil
Well, I said a) manipulating small objects ... and I'm keeping my fingers crossed that I've got the right answer.

Finn
OK. You’re keeping them crossed?

Neil
Yes, I am.

Finn
You've got the answer right! Well done!

Neil
Brilliant! I'm glad my cognitive skills are still functioning. Now, how about hearing those words again?

Finn
OK, the words we heard today were:

automation

susceptible to

manual dexterity

cognitive labour

noggin

white collar

artificial intelligence (AI)

and … keeping your fingers crossed

Neil
Well, that brings us to the end of this 6 Minute English. We hope you enjoyed the programme. Please join us again soon.

Both
Bye.