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Guest Editor
Weixiang Luo
Co-Guest Editors
Jia Yu and Chunni Zhang
2022 Issue 3 | Table of Contents
Sexuality in China: A review and new findings
Jia Yu, Weixiang Luo, and Yu Xie
293-329
Knowledge production and epistemic politics: A scientometric review of Chinese sexuality studies in English-language academia
Muyuan Luo, Gaoran Chen, Qing He, and Shaojie Qi
330-354
Social class differentials in marital sex in China (2000–2015)
Yueyun Zhang, Xin Wang, and Suiming Pan
355-373
Sexual infidelity among the married in China
Weixiang Luo and Jia Yu
374-397
The effect of parental divorce on the sexual life and marital well-being of offspring in China
Chunni Zhang
398-420
Sexual harassment experiences and their consequences for the private lives of Chinese women
Jiashu Xu and Chunni Zhang
421-449
图片来源: pixabay and pexels
1
Sexuality in China: A review and new findings
Jia Yu, Weixiang Luo, and Yu Xie
Abstract
In the past four decades, sexuality research in China has made considerable advancements. From historical and sociological perspectives, our study reviews the literature and provides a comprehensive overview of sexuality in contemporary China by drawing on recent survey data that we collected. First, we introduce sexuality in ancient and modern China and discuss the social contexts that gave rise to a sexual revolution in China. Second, we briefly review empirical research on sexuality in China. Finally, we present results on recent changes and socioeconomic patterns of sexual attitudes and behaviors based on our survey—the 2020 Chinese Private Life Survey. A cohort analysis reveals that sexual attitudes have become more liberal in China, with an earlier sex debut and more diverse sexual activities. Surprisingly, however, we find that sexuality seems to have diminished in its appeal among young cohorts, who have lower rates of sexual frequency than preceding cohorts. In addition, we find a reversal in educational gradient in relation to sexual activeness and diversity. Among those born before 1980, highly educated Chinese are more sexually active, while among those born after 1980 the lower educated are more sexually active—in terms of their sexual activity with their partners, seeking out sexual partners online, and engaging in commercial sex. Compared with women, men have higher levels of sexual well-being.
Keywords
Sexuality, China, review, cohort changes, socioeconomic differentials
2
Knowledge production and epistemic politics: A scientometric review of Chinese sexuality studies in English-language academia
Muyuan Luo, Gaoran Chen, Qing He, and Shaojie Qi
Abstract
In recent decades, sexuality studies has become an increasingly important field of social scientific research in and beyond China. This paper uses CiteSpace and VOSviewer to carry out a bibliometric analysis of 26,975 sexuality-related papers included in the Web of Science database in the past four decades through mapping knowledge domains. Situating the literature on Chinese sexuality studies in global English-language academia, this study adopts performance analysis, collaboration network analysis, and co-citation network analysis to identify the main bodies that produce knowledge in the field and their networks of collaboration. We also depict the research trends and the hotspots in the field of (Chinese) sexuality research. Drawing on insights from postcolonial sociology, we discuss the epistemic politics in the social scientific knowledge production of (Chinese) sexuality that emerges from the findings. Specifically, we recognize the importance of a global intellectual division of labor whereby Westerners theorize the world and the rest of the world serves as data. We argue that the early stage of Chinese sexuality research was largely conditioned and profoundly influenced by this Western-centric global intellectual division of labor in terms of research problematics and themes. Recent development in the field, by contrast, indicates a departure from this labor division by challenging the Western-centric notion of sexuality and opening up possibilities of theorizing sexuality from an Asian/Chinese perspective.
Keywords
Chinese sexuality, sexuality studies, postcolonial sociology, knowledge production, epistemic politics, scientometric review
图片来源：pexels
3
Social class differentials in marital sex in China (2000–2015)
Yueyun Zhang, Xin Wang, and Suiming Pan
Abstract
This study examines whether and how social class matters for marital sex in China since the beginning of the 21st century. We utilize data from a national sexuality survey that has been administered at four time points: 2000, 2006, 2010, and 2015. We use a composite socioeconomic status score deriving from education, occupation, and income to distinguish between the lower class (the bottom 25%), the middle class (the middle 50%), and the upper class (the top 25%). Marital sex aspects include sexual frequency, orgasm frequency, engagement in the woman-on-top and rear-entrance coital positions, and experience with oral and anal sex. Regression results with year-fixed effects reveal significant class differentials in all aspects but anal sex. Whereas the reported sexual frequency is highest in the middle class, the engagement in various coital positions and oral sex is characterized by a positive class gradient. Temporally, we observe an upward trend in all aspects but orgasm frequency. Results from the class–year interaction effects further show that most class differentials have remained stable over the period 2000– 2015. The temporal increase in sexual frequency, however, has been the greatest in the lower class but relatively negligible in the upper class.
Keywords
Marital sex, sexual frequency, orgasm frequency, coital positions, oral sex, anal sex, social class, China
图片来源：pixabay
4
Sexual infidelity among the married in China
Weixiang Luo and Jia Yu
Abstract
Sexual infidelity in China has undergone a rapid increase in recent decades. Despite much speculation, social forces that help to prompt such increase have yet to be identified. Drawing on data from the Chinese Private Life Survey, coupled with the perspectives of attitudinal and institutional changes, we examine social determinants of marital infidelity that may reveal potential mechanisms of its diffusion. We find that more liberal attitudes toward extramarital sex, greater sexual dissatisfaction, and lower marital satisfaction were all positively associated with the likelihood of marital infidelity. Results also show that institutional factors such as personal income, living apart from one’s spouse, and urbanity influenced the practice of extramarital sex. Taken as a whole, both attitudinal changes toward sex, love and marriage, and institutional changes as a result of social transformation may play a role in determining the rise of sexual infidelity in China.
Keywords
Infidelity, extramarital sex, social change, China
图片来源: pixabay and pexels
5
The effect of parental divorce on the sexual life and marital well-being of offspring in China
Chunni Zhang
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the increasing divorce rate has been one of the most prominent behavioral changes influencing Chinese families and the nurturing and socialization of children. Research has found that parental divorce exerts only a limited negative impact on children’s socioeconomic achievement in China relative to that in Western societies. However, few studies have explored the long-term consequences of parental divorce on children’s demographic outcomes in China. Therefore, how parental divorce influences the timing of offspring’s first sexual intercourse and marriage, as well as its impact on their sexual and marital well-being, were investigated in this study. Based on findings obtained using data from the Chinese Private Life Survey, children from divorced families were more likely to initiate sexual intercourse at younger ages than those from intact families, although the two groups entered their first marriage at similar ages. Regarding sexual and marital well-being, married men and women who experienced parental divorce during childhood were less satisfied with their current marriage and marital sex and exhibited a higher level of divorce proneness and more sexual dysfunction symptoms than those from intact families. The effect of parental divorce on marital well-being was also largely mediated by the onset of sexual intercourse at a younger age. Having more years of premarital sexual experience was associated with lower sexual satisfaction, more sexual dysfunction symptoms, and more liberal sexual attitudes and behaviors. The worsening of sexual life also further undermined marital well-being.
Keywords
Parental divorce, sexual debut, marital well-being, sexual well-being, Chinese Private Life Survey
图片来源：pexels
6
Sexual harassment experiences and their consequences for the private lives of Chinese women
Jiashu Xu and Chunni Zhang
Abstract
Sexual harassment is a global issue threatening individuals’ safety and rights, especially for women. Previous studies mainly focused on the negative impact of sexual harassment on women’s health, work, and education. Using data from the Chinese Private Life Survey, this article examines the effect of sexual harassment in both physical and non-physical forms and probes the effect of the perpetrator’s relationship to the victim on women’s sexual behaviors, sexual and marital well-being, and desires for marriage and childbearing. The results indicate that both physical and non-physical sexual harassment lowered married or cohabitating women’s sexual satisfaction and functioning. Sexual harassment by a family member/relative, an intimate partner or an acquaintance produced a larger negative effect on women’s sexual well-being than that by others. Married women’s marital satisfaction and stability were also undermined if they experienced sexual harassment. A family member/relative, an intimate partner and a stranger as the perpetrator had a larger effect on women’s marital well-being than other perpetrators. For unmarried women, sexual harassment was not associated with the desire for marriage. However, those who were physically harassed by an acquaintance were unlikely to have a desire for childbearing. Comparing with non-physical sexual harassment, physical sexual harassment was found to have a larger negative impact on women’s private lives.
Keywords
Sexual harassment, sexual well-being, marital well-being, desires for marriage and children, Chinese women
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