导读
本文是袁岚峰就超导量子计算原型机“祖冲之号”接受《环球时报》英文版采访的原文与中文翻译。
原文于 2021年05月09日发表于《环球时报》英文版Global Times，原文链接：http://enapp.globaltimes.cn/#/article/1222944
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A Chinese research team has successfully designed a 62-qubit programmable superconducting quantum processor, naming it Zu Chongzhi after the noted 5th century Chinese mathematician and astronomer. The computer contains the largest number of superconducting qubits so far in the world, and achieved two-dimensional programmable quantum walks on the system, a major milestone in the field.
中国研究团队成功研制出62量子比特可编程超导量子处理器，以5世纪中国著名数学家和天文学家祖冲之的名字命名。这是迄今为止世界上超导量子比特数目最多的一台计算机。并在该系统上成功进行了二维可编程量子行走的演示，是该领域的重大里程碑。Experts said the study pushes the possibility of universal quantum computing through a two-dimensional quantum walk a big step forward. 专家们表示，这一研究成果将实现通用量子计算的可能性向前推进了一大步，基于二维可编程量子行走。The study was conducted by a research team from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), and was published Friday in Science magazine, one of the top academic journals in the world.这项研究由中国科学技术大学（USTC）的一个研究团队进行。并于周五（2021年5月7日）发表在世界顶级学术期刊之一的《科学》杂志上。
The team designed and produced an 8x8 two-dimensional square superconducting qubit array composed of 62 functional qubits in the study, and used this device to demonstrate high fidelity single and two particle quantum walks, according to the team.
据悉，该团队研制出了由62个基础量子比特组成的 8 × 8 二维正方形超导量子比特阵列。并利用这一装置演示了高保真的单粒子和双粒子量子行走。
Such a device can achieve universal quantum computing, which means that any computing task can be done in this manner, Yuan Lanfeng, a research fellow at the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale of the USTC, told the Global Times on Sunday.这样的设备可以实现通用的量子计算，这意味着任何计算任务都可以通过这种方式完成，周日（2021年5月9日），中国科学技术大学合肥微尺度物质科学国家研究中心副研究员袁岚峰告诉《环球时报》。
"It is just like one or two particles randomly moving on an 8x8 chess board. Such random quantum walks can achieve anything that quantum computing can do, which is amazing," he said. “它就像一个或两个粒子在 8 x 8 的棋盘上随机移动。这样的随机量子行走可以实现量子计算所能做到的任何事情，令人惊叹。”袁岚峰说。
The work was an essential milestone, bringing future larger scale quantum applications closer to realization on noisy intermediate-scale quantum processors, said the team in the article.
这项工作是一个重要的里程碑，使未来更大规模的量子应用更接近在有噪声的中间规模量子处理器上实现，该团队在文章中说。
The development of quantum computers, one of the major challenges in the forefront of science and technology in the world, has become the focus of competition among countries globally. 量子计算机的发展是当今世界科技前沿的重大挑战之一，已成为全球各国竞争的焦点。
US technology giant Google announced a 53-qubit programmable superconducting processor, named Sycamore, in October 2019, and claimed "quantum supremacy," a term to describe the point at which quantum computers solve problems beyond the ability of non-quantum, or classical computers.美国科技巨头谷歌于2019年10月宣布了一款53位可编程超导处理器，名为“悬铃木”（Sycamore），并声称“量子至上”，这一术语描述了量子计算机解决问题的能力超越了非量子计算机或传统计算机。
Yuan said the 62-qubit Zu Chongzhi processor at least showed that China is at the same level as its US counterparts in the field of superconducting quantum computing. 袁岚峰表示，62比特可编程超导量子计算原型机“祖冲之号”至少表明，中国在超导量子计算领域与美国处于同一水平。
Pan Jianwei, a renowned Chinese quantum physicist who led the research team for Zu Chongzhi, also developed Jiuzhang, a new light-based quantum computer prototype with his team, and they demonstrated "quantum advantage," the second time a quantum algorithm claimed to achieve this feat in the world, after the first claimed by Google's Sycamore in 2019. 潘建伟，中国著名量子物理学家，他带领他的团队研制出了“祖冲之号”，同时，这一团队也是成功研制出“九章”，一个新型的基于光的量子计算机原型，的团队。该团队展示了“量子优势”，这是继2019年谷歌的Sycamore首次宣称实现量子算法后的全球第二次公开声明。
Unlike the Jiuzhang processor, which conducts only one task - finding solutions to the boson-sampling problem - the new Zu Chongzhi processor has the potential to do "everything," even though it may not excel quantum computers for any specific task, Yuan said, adding that the photonic technology that the Jiuzhang processor uses and the superconducting technology that Zu Chongzhi uses are two mainstream technical routes that quantum processors employ.
与只执行一项任务——寻找玻色子采样问题的解决方案的“九章”处理器不同，新型“祖冲之号”处理器具有实现“一切”的潜力，虽然在任何特定的任务中，它不见得能优于经典计算机，袁岚峰说，此外，“九章”处理器采用的光子技术和“祖冲之号”采用的超导技术是量子处理器采用的两种主流技术路线。
Quantum computers have superfast parallel computing power, and hold the promise of exponentially accelerating the ability of classical computers in solving important social and economic problems, such as cryptography, big data optimization, material design and drug analysis, through specific algorithms.
量子计算机拥有超快的并行计算能力，并有望使经典计算机在解决重要的社会和经济问题方面的能力得到指数级的提升，如密码学、大数据优化、材料设计和药物分析等。
Superconducting quantum computing is among the most promising candidates for scalable quantum computing. Its core objective is to synchronously increase the number of integrated qubits and improve the performance of superconducting qubits, so as to achieve exponential acceleration in the processing speed of specific problems, and finally apply it in practice. 超导量子计算是可扩展量子计算最有前途的候选方案之一。它的核心目标是同步增加集成量子位的数量，提高超导量子位的性能，从而实现对具体问题处理速度的指数级加速，并最终应用于实际。
The new Zu Chongzhi superconducting quantum computer can be applied to transportation planning, allowing for major optimization of traffic flows in a city, Yuan said. 袁岚峰说，新型超导量子计算机原理上将来可以用于交通规划，可以使城市交通流得到极大的优化。
It can also be used in the field of pharmaceuticals, quickly selecting the most promising combination of drug molecules from all available drug molecule candidates, he added, noting that people have high hopes for putting superconducting quantum computers into use in the pharmaceutical sector in five years.
它还可以应用于医药领域，从所有可用的药物分子候选物中迅速挑选出最有前景的药物分子组合，袁岚峰补充说道，人们对5年内将量子计算机应用于医药领域寄予厚望。
The two-dimensional programmable quantum walks based on quantum computing have potential applications in quantum search algorithms, general quantum computing and other fields, and will be an important direction of subsequent development, according to a statement from the USTC on Saturday.
基于量子计算的二维可编程量子行走在量子搜索算法、通用量子计算等领域具有潜在的应用价值，并将是后续发展的重要方向，中国科学技术大学周六的一份声明表示。背景简介：本文2021年5月9日发表于 环球时报 ，原标题：Chinese team designs 62-qubit quantum processor with world's largest number of superconducting qubits（http://enapp.globaltimes.cn/#/article/1222944），风云之声获授权转载。