【权威观点】吉尔吉斯前总理奥托尔巴耶夫：美国是对民主最大的威胁（中英文）
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吉尔吉斯共和国前总理卓奥玛尔特·奥托尔巴耶夫（Djoomart Otorbaev）对民主联盟基金会发布的《2021年民主见解》年度报告进行分析并撰文指出，多国受访者表示，在世界各地大肆宣扬捍卫民主原则的美国反而是民主最大的威胁。人们认为，民主最大的威胁不在于外部干预大选、中国或俄罗斯的影响或是大型科技实力，而在于本国经济不平等。新冠疫情期间的种种现象表明，政府抗疫举措的成效和社交媒体平台也会对民主产生影响。本文由作者授权本平台独家发布。
本文约2200字，读完约10分钟
卓奥玛尔特·奥托尔巴耶夫（Djoomart Otorbaev）
吉尔吉斯共和国前总理
5月5日，七国集团外长会议闭幕。同日，民主联盟基金会（Alliance of Democracies Foundation）发布年度报告《2021年民主见解》。该组织是一家非营利组织，由前丹麦总理、前北约秘书长安诺斯·福格·拉斯穆森（Anders Fogh Rasmussen）创建，旨在促进全球民主发展。
On May 5, the meeting of foreign ministers of the G7 countries has ended. On the same day, the Alliance of Democracies Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting democracy worldwide, published its annual report[1]. The organization has been founded by a former Danish Prime Minister and former NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen[2].
在这项全球调查中共有来自53个国家的5万名受访者参与了民主程度评估，因此对其结果进行比较分析具有重要意义。调查所获数据展示了世界各地人民对本国政府和外部势力的看法。
It is important to compare how this global survey in which 50,000 respondents from 53 countries took part in assessing the level of democracy. The data collected provides insight into how people around the world feel about their governments and foreign powers.
全球人民都希望生活在民主社会中，以及影响本国推行的政策。调查表明，人们对民主价值观的奉行程度普遍较高。全世界81%的受访者表示本国的民主对其至关重要，但仅有53%表示本国已经实现了民主。
The inhabitants of our planet want to live in democratic societies and influence the policies pursued by their states. The survey results showed a generally high level of adherence to democratic values. 81 percent of respondents worldwide said it was vital for them to have a democracy in their country. But only 53 percent claimed their country was already a democracy.
来自挪威、瑞士和瑞典的受访者对本国是民主国家最深信不疑，票数达到71%到77%。中国和越南相差无几，这两国受访者表示他们的国家确为民主国家。然而，俄罗斯的情况却截然不同。仅有33%的受访者认为本国是民主国家。少数东欧国家的民调结果也不乐观，例如，65%的波兰人和63%的匈牙利人认为本国缺乏民主。在尼日利亚、伊朗和委内瑞拉有相近比例的受访者称自己的国家是民主国家。
The respondents in Norway, Switzerland, and Sweden were the most convinced, with votes from 71 to 77 percent, that their countries are democratic. Similar numbers were expressed in China and Vietnam, where respondents said that their countries are democratic. However, the situation in Russia was different. Only 33 percent of respondents consider their country to be democratic. The results of this poll were quite unpleasant discoveries for a few Eastern European countries as well. For example, 65 percent of people in Poland and 63 percent of people in Hungary believe that their countries lack democracy. A similar percentage of those polled called their countries democracies in Nigeria, Iran, and Venezuela.
最令人吃惊的是，民调结果中显示，尽管美国在世界各地大肆宣扬捍卫民主原则，但人们却表示美国不仅不是民主的主要捍卫者，还是民主最大的威胁。44%的受访者担心美国对本国民主构成威胁。此外，只有50%的美国人相信自己生活在一个民主国家。
One of the most shocking poll results was that despite vociferous national rhetoric to defend democratic principles worldwide, the people said that the U.S. is not the primary defender but the greatest threat to democracy. A startling discovery was that 44 percent of respondents feared that the U.S. posed a threat to democracy in their countries. Another equally shocking fact was that only 50 percent of Americans believe they live in a democratic country.
同时，受访者中仅有38%的人称中国对本国民主构成威胁，仅有28%认为俄罗斯构成了威胁。
Meanwhile, only 38 percent of those surveyed reported a threat to democracy in their countries from China, and only 28 percent admitted the existence of such a threat from Russia.
俄罗斯和中国等受访国公民大多对美国造成的影响持消极态度，这一结果可以理解。然而，欧盟国家公民对美国持负面态度的比例竟也紧随其后。
Understandably, the list of countries whose citizens mostly have a negative attitude to the influence of the U.S. includes residents of Russia and China. However, in their negative attitude towards the U.S., the European Union countries are not far behind them.
可能美国需要少花力气对外输出“有瑕”民主，多花力气努力恢复自己国内的民主秩序。
Perhaps America needs to spend less energy to export its "imperfect" democracy abroad but try to restore order with the democracy at home.
民调显示，民主最大的威胁不在于外部干预大选、中国或俄罗斯的影响或是大型科技实力，而在于本国经济不平等。有64%的受访人提到了这一因素。对民主最大的威胁之一来自大型科技公司的消极影响（48%）。令人惊奇的是，尽管美国有许多科技巨头，但美国人也最担心这些公司会影响民主（62%）。
The poll showed that the biggest threat to democracy is not foreign interference in elections, the influence of China or Russia, or the power of big technology. Still, it is economic inequality in their own countries. This factor was named by 64 percent of the respondents. One of the most significant potential threats to democracy (48 percent) became the negative influence of large tech companies. Surprisingly, the impact of tech giants on democracy is of greatest concern to the population of the U.S. (62 percent), where these giants are located.
与去年相比，有更多人担心社交媒体平台会对民主产生消极影响。全世界内美国人对此持有最多的负面看法，47%的美国人认为不容乐观，仅有41%持乐观看法。匈牙利、奥地利、丹麦、德国和荷兰对社交网络的负面态度与美相近。显而易见，公众支持在这些国家实施更严格的社交网络管制。
Compared to last year, more people were concerned that social media platforms are negatively affecting democracy. The U.S. stands out as a country with the world's most negative view of the impact of social media on democracy. Among Americans, 47 percent expressed negatively about them, and only 41 percent were positive. There is a similar negative attitude towards social networks in Hungary, Austria, Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands. It is a clear sign that there is public support for the introduction of stricter regulation of social networks in those countries.
在本国抗击疫情举措是否得当方面，世界各地存在巨大分歧。在53个参与国中，平均58%的受访者表示本国应对得当，其中中国和越南受访者的满意度分别高达93%和 96%，而巴西、法国和意大利受访者的满意度仅分别为19%、27%和28%。
People around the world differ sharply about how well their country is responding to the coronavirus crisis. In all 53 countries of those surveyed, an average of 58 percent says their country responds well, ranging from 93 percent in China and 96 percent in Vietnam to 19 percent in Brazil and 27 percent in France, and 28 percent in Italy.
综上，亚洲受访者的平均满意度（75%）显著高于欧洲（45%）和拉丁美洲（42%）受访者。西方国家人民对政府施行的抗疫举措愈加不满，相关满意度从2020年春季的70%降至一年后的51%。
Overall, the average level of satisfaction in Asia (75 percent) was significantly higher than in Europe (45 percent) and Latin America (42 percent). People in Western countries are becoming increasingly unhappy with their government's response to the pandemic. Here, satisfaction fell from 70 percent in the spring of 2020 to 51 percent a year later.
民主联盟基金会创办人安诺斯·福格·拉斯穆森在评估调查结果时表示：“此次民调说明人民心中仍然有民主。我们需要走出新冠疫情阴霾，为那些希望本国更加民主的人们提供更多的民主和自由。”
Assessing the results of the survey, the founder of the Alliance for Democracy Foundation Anders Fogh Rasmussen said: "This poll shows that democracy is still alive in people's hearts and minds. We now need to come out of the Covid-19 pandemic by delivering more democracy and freedom to people who want to see their countries become more democratic."
然而，无论是否有意，他并未具体说明哪些国家应当作出更多努力来变得更加民主。
However, intentionally or not, he did not specify which countries should make more extensive efforts to become more democratic.
[1] https://f.hubspotusercontent00.net/hubfs/7049607/The%20Democracy%20Perception%20Index%202021.pdf.
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_of_Democracies
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