【中美关系】驻美大使秦刚：我们从不对别国说我们的制度是世界上最好的（中英对照）
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小i导读
2021年9月22日，中国驻美国大使秦刚应邀出席卡特中心和乔治·布什美中关系基金会联合举办的线上对话会并发表演讲。小i为读者将秦刚大使的中英文对照版演讲内容整理如下。
尊敬的尼尔·布什先生，
Dear Mr. Neil Bush,
芭芭拉·史密斯女士，
Ms. Barbara Smith,
方大为先生，
Mr. David J. Firestein,
女士们，先生们，朋友们：
Ladies and Gentlemen,
感谢卡特中心和乔治·布什美中关系基金会共同举办这场活动。很高兴以视频方式同朋友们见面。
I want to thank The Carter Center and The George H.W. Bush Foundation for US-China Relations for hosting this event. It's my great pleasure to meet with you online.
感谢卡特总统发来热情洋溢的来信和尼尔·布什先生的致辞。我们不会忘记，42年前，卡特总统同邓小平先生共同作出中美建交的历史性决定。老布什总统面对冷战后中美关系的困难，始终坚持通过接触对话增进理解和信任。正是在中美几代领导人和各界人士共同努力下，中美关系才取得了长足的发展。
I wish to thank President Carter for his warm letter and thank Mr. Neil Bush for his kind remarks. We will never forget that 42 years ago, President Carter and Mr. Deng Xiaoping made the historic decision of establishing diplomatic relations between China and the United States. Facing the difficulties in China-US relations after the Cold War, President George H.W. Bush stayed committed to engagement and dialogue with China to increase mutual understanding and trust. Thanks to generations of Chinese and American leaders and people, China-US relations have made remarkable progress.
但是当前，美国一些人对中国的误解、误判却在加深，其中最根本的一条就是把美中关系定义为民主与威权的对决，挑动意识形态对立。这是当前中美关系面临严重困难的症结所在。我想就此和大家谈谈我的看法。
However, today, some Americans' misunderstanding and misjudgment about China is building up. A fundamental one is to define America's relations with China as democracy versus authoritarianism, and to stoke up ideological confrontation, which has led to serious difficulties in China-US relations. Let me share with you my view here.
秦刚演讲。图自中国驻美国大使馆网站
什么是民主？
What is democracy?
作为一种政治体制，民主一词发源于古希腊，本意是“人民统治”、“主权在民”。由此可见，对民主最基本的判断标准，就是人民是否有广泛参与国家治理的权利，人民的诉求能否得到回应和满足，人民有没有获得感和幸福感。人民是民主的核心。正如林肯总统说的，“民有、民治、民享”。世界上不管什么政治体制，目的是选出合适的人治理好国家，为人民谋福祉。
As a political system, the word "democracy" originated in ancient Greece. It means "rule by the people", or "sovereignty of the people". So a basic criterion of democracy should be whether the people have the right to govern their country, whether their needs are met, and whether they have a sense of fulfillment and happiness. At the center of democracy is people. President Lincoln defines democracy as "of the people, by the people, for the people". Whatever political system a country chooses, its purpose is to select appropriate persons to govern the country and create a better life for the people.
古希腊的柏拉图主张公民在小的时候要接受各种教育，到他们长大后，通过测试，选出适合从政的青年，把他们放到社会底层经历磨练。经过了漫长的岁月，人到中年时，那些经受住多重考验的人不再夸夸其谈，而是富有坚强的意志和丰富的经验。他们被放到治理国家的岗位上，但他们只能过简朴的生活，防止权力被腐化。
In ancient Greece, Plato believed that citizens need to receive various kinds of education at early ages. When they grow up, they would be evaluated to see if they are qualified to be politicians in the future, and those selected would be put to the bottom of society to get prepared for ruling the state. After a long time, the middle-aged candidates, who have survived all the trials and tribulations, no longer engage in empty talk, and they become determined and experienced. When they are ready, they would undertake governing positions, but they can only lead simple lives to prevent corruption.
中国是不是民主国家？
Is China a democracy?
——中国自古以来有深厚的民本的基因。基辛格博士对我说，中国是共产主义加儒家思想的国家。儒家的代表、与古希腊同时期的中国思想家孔子提出“民本”思想。孔子的再传弟子孟子说，“民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻。”历史上，中国的皇帝将老百姓和君王的关系比作水和舟，告诫统治者“水能载舟，亦能覆舟。”100年前，中国共产党作为穷人的党创立，初心和使命就是为人民谋幸福。中国共产党喊出的口号就是反独裁、反专制、反压迫，人民当家做主，得了民心、夺了政权，但初心不改，始终以人民为中心，全心全意为人民服务。
The idea of people first has been deep in the genes of the Chinese since ancient times. Dr. Henry Kissinger said to me, China is a communist and Confucian country. Confucius, an ancient Chinese thinker who lived in the same time as ancient Greece, raised the idea that people are the foundation of a country. Mencius, Confucius' follower, said, "To a state, the people are the most important thing. The state comes second. The ruler is the least important." An ancient Chinese ruler believed that the people are to the monarch what water is to boat, and he cautioned that the water can carry the boat; it can also overturn the boat. 100 years ago, the Communist Party of China (CPC) was established as a political party for the poor, and its founding mission is to pursue happiness for the people. With the slogans of anti-dictatorship, anti-autocracy and anti-oppression, it enabled the people to become master of their own country and won the people's hearts. As the governing party, it has remained faithful to its founding mission: people-centered, and serving the people whole-heartedly.
——今天中国的人民民主是全过程的民主。中国宪法规定，一切权力属于人民。人民既有选举权，又有依法广泛参与国家治理的权利。在中国，人民行使国家权力的机关是中国全国人大和地方各级人民代表大会，相当于美国的国会和地方议会。目前，中国县乡两级人大代表实行直接选举，县级以上是间接选举。人民可以选举出他们的代表参政议政，并选出领导人。人大代表密切联系群众，所有重大立法决策都是依照程序，经过民主酝酿，通过科学决策、民主决策产生。中国还有独特的政治协商制度和机构，这是人民民主的重要实现形式。任何重大决策、任何涉及人民切身利益的问题，都要经过人大、政府、政协机构、社会团体、行业组织的广泛充分协商讨论，在各方形成共识的基础上制定出体现人民意志、符合人民利益的政策和措施。中国的会议多，官员下基层多，开会就是协商，研究问题，下基层就是调研，了解实情。在此过程中，各方讨论的广度和辩论的激烈程度不亚于美国国会。例如新中国第一部以法典命名、被称为“社会生活百科全书”的《民法典》编纂过程中，政府先后10次向社会公开征求意见，共收到42万多人提出的100多万条意见。再比如，中国每五年制定一份经济社会发展的规划。今年开始执行第十四个五年规划。在起草过程中，进行了充分协商并公开征求社会意见，并从100多万条网民留言中整理出1000余条建议，作出366处调整，又吸收全国人大和政协代表的意见、建议，对草案作出55处修改才最后通过。在中国的人大机构很少出现面红耳赤的争吵、久拖不决的议案，因为大量的矛盾和诉求在协商过程中已经化解或吸纳了。出台的政策在落实过程中也往往比较顺利。
What China has today is whole-process democracy. China's Constitution prescribes that all power belongs to the people. The people have the right to election, and they can be broadly involved in national governance according to law. They exercise state power through the National People's Congress and local people's congresses at different levels, equivalent to America's Congress and state legislatures. Deputies to the people's congresses at the county and township levels are directly elected. Those above the county level are indirectly elected. People elect deputies, who will politically represent them and elect leaders. Deputies maintain close contact with the people, and all major legislations and decisions are made through scientific and democratic processes and extensive consultations. China also has a unique political consultation system and corresponding institutions, which are important ways for the people to exercise democracy. Any matters that concern people's keen interests are broadly discussed by people's congress, the government, political consultative conference, social organizations and industry associations, before major decisions are made, to make sure what the people want are reflected in the final decisions. In China, government officials have many meetings to attend, and they do many field visits. Meetings are for discussing problems and exploring solutions, and field visits are for getting firsthand knowledge of things on the ground. Decisions are made through discussions and debates, which are extensive and intense, just like those on the Capitol Hill. Let me give you an example. The Civil Code is the first law of China with "code" in its name, and is regarded as "an encyclopedia of social life". When drafting it, there had been ten rounds of collection of public opinions, and over one million opinions were gathered from more than 420,000 people. Another example is the five-year plans on economic and social development. When formulating the current 14th Five-Year Plan, there were also full public consultations. Over 1,000 suggestions were summarized from more than one million online posts, and 366 edits were made to the draft on the basis of them. After the deliberations by the national-level people's congress and political consultation conference, another 55 adjustments were made before the adoption of the Plan. There are seldom fierce arguments or long-pending bills in people's congresses in China, because most of the problems and conflicts of interests have been resolved and suggestions accepted in consultations, which also make implementation of the policies easier.
——中国自古就注重选贤任能。与柏拉图同一时代的中国另一位伟大的思想家说，“宰相必起于州部，猛将必发于卒伍”。早在1400多年前，中国就发明了科举制。通过考试，任何人不分年龄、贫富，都可以选拔为官，先在基层任职，根据政绩逐步提拔或被淘汰。中国的科举制是今天西方公务员制的鼻祖。如今，中国人一生要经历各种考试，参加工作后还要经历各种实践历练和严格的层层考核、选拔以及上级、同事、社会、舆论的监督。如果是中共党员，还要接受严于法律的党纪约束，触犯了党纪国法，严惩不怠。以驻美使馆为例，上级考核下级，一个季度一次；下级监督上级，随时可以；下级集中给上级打分，一年1次。能力不强、业绩平庸、自身不干净、群众不认可，官员是不会被层层筛选提拔上来的。目前的中国最高领导层中央政治局常委，都曾长期在基层和地方任职。习近平主席16岁到中国西北一个贫穷的农村当一名普通农民，54岁到国际大都市上海任市委书记，其间在不同的地方和岗位工作，服务的人口从几百到几十万、几百万、上千万，从层层历练中体察到了民间疾苦声，深怀了爱民为民之心，具备了驾驭复杂局面、解决实际问题的丰富经验和卓越能力。他也得到了人民的爱戴、信任和拥护。这就是为什么中国高级官员能高票甚至全票当选的原因。
In China, talents were chosen based on their abilities and merit since ancient times. Another Chinese philosopher, who was a contemporary of Plato, once said, "Prime ministers must have served as local officials; great generals must have risen from the ranks." China had an imperial examination system over 1,400 years ago. Whoever passed the exams, regardless of their age and wealth, could be appointed as officials. They usually started from positions at the lowest level of government, and then got promoted or deposed based on their performance. This is the original form of the civil service system in the West today. Nowadays, a Chinese has to pass all kinds of exams in his or her lifetime. At work, there are additional trainings, assessments and selections, as well as oversight from superiors, colleagues, the public and the media. CPC members are also subject to Party disciplines, which are stricter than the law. Any violation will result in serious punishment. Take the Chinese Embassy in the US for example. There is a quarterly assessment of each diplomat from his or her supervisor. Lower-level diplomats can exercise their right of oversight of their supervisors at any time, and once a year, they can grade their supervisors' performances. In such a system, officials who are incompetent, or not clean, or disapproved by the people have no chance to be promoted. The incumbent members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, the top leadership of China, have all had long years of work experience from grassroots up to higher levels in different localities. President Xi Jinping became a farmer in a poor village in Northwestern China at the age of 16. He was appointed Party Secretary of Shanghai, the biggest city in China, at 54. The decades in between saw him work on various posts and in different places, and the populations he served varied from several hundred to several hundred thousand, millions and to tens of millions. As he rose through the ranks, he has got to know the people's kitchen table concerns. He deeply loves the people, cares about the people, and has become capable of managing complexities and getting things done for the people. At the same time, he is loved, trusted and supported by the people. This is why you often find China's senior officials elected with an overwhelming majority of votes or even unanimously.
如何衡量一个制度是不是民主？
How to evaluate if a system is democratic?
世界上有不同的制度。一个制度是不是民主，要看其能不能代表人民的整体利益、人民满意不满意。民主不是摆设，更要管用。塞缪尔·亨廷顿说，各国之间最重要的政治分野，不在于治理的形式，而在于治理的程度。根据哈佛大学肯尼迪学院连续10年在中国开展的民调，中国民众对共产党执政的满意度每年都保持在90%以上。有些人不理解为什么？答案很长，我来尝试简短回答这个问题。中国东北一个省会城市长春连续22年开通市长热线电话，一年365天、一天24小时从未间断，及时回应解决群众反映的急难愁盼问题累计900多万件，市民给予的满意率始终保持在90%以上。这样的热线、这样高的满意度在中国各级地方有很多。如果大家了解了市民对市长热线电话的满意度，还难理解哈佛大学的民调结果吗？
There are many political systems in the world. Whether a system is democratic depends on whether it can represent the overall interests of the people and whether the people are satisfied. Democracy is not for embellishment; it should deliver. Samuel Huntington writes, "The most important political distinction among countries concerns not their form of government, but their degree of government." According to a survey done by Harvard Kennedy School for 10 years in a row, the Chinese people's satisfaction of the CPC has been over 90% for each of the 10 years. Some people wonder why. The answer can be long, but I try to provide a brief explanation. Changchun, a provincial city in Northeastern China, has had a Mayor's Hotline for 22 years, which citizens can use to report problems that need the government's attention, and that Hotline works 24/7. Over the years, more than nine million problems have been reported and then resolved through the Hotline, and people's satisfaction rating has remained above 90%. There are many similar hotlines and high satisfaction ratings across China. If you know about them, is it still hard to understand the results of Harvard surveys?
朋友们，两岸猿声啼不住，轻舟已过万重山。当有些人还在制造“民主与威权”之争、满世界拼凑针对中国的“民主国家同盟”时，中华大地在发生着什么呢？14亿中国人彻底摆脱了绝对贫困，正迈步奔向共同富裕；中国已成为世界第二大经济体、第一大贸易国，每年为世界经济增长贡献率超过30%；每天，1.6万户企业在中国诞生，每天，120多家新的外商企业赶往中国这个世界最大消费市场和第一大投资目的地；几乎每个中国人都享有基本医疗保险、基本养老保险；偏远地区的产品通过网络直播带货销往全国各地；大山里的农民、城市中的青年乘坐高铁外出务工，追逐人生梦想；绿色低碳成为新时尚，中国人驾驶着全球50%的新能源汽车奔驰在全世界里程最长的高速公路网上；1/10的中国人走出国门看遍大千世界；中国航天员在空间站驻留数月后成功返回地球；中国人的权利和自由受到宪法的充分保护；中国人民正赶往投票站行使宪法赋予的选举权；新疆等地的穆斯林信众每天就近去清真寺；十亿中国网民通过网络了解天下信息，进行交流，表达观点；中国已签署26项国际人权公约和文书；中国有效控制住新冠疫情，超过11亿中国人完成疫苗接种，中国已向100多个国家和组织提供了疫苗，今年全年将对外提供20亿剂；“一带一路”倡议正本着共商、共建、共享原则推进，将使沿线国几千万人摆脱贫困；2400多名中国维和人员正在全球各地执行任务；习近平主席刚刚提出了全球发展倡议。中国正与各国携手构建人类命运共同体。
My Friends, when some people are busy fanning up the battle between democracy and authoritarianism, and putting together an alliance of democracies, what is happening on the land of China? Well, absolute poverty has become a thing of the past, and 1.4 billion people are striving towards common prosperity. China has become the world's second largest economy and biggest trading nation, and contributes over 30% to global economic growth annually. Every day, 16,000 companies are created in China. Every day, over 120 foreign enterprises are rushing to China, one of the biggest consumer markets and the top investment destination in the world. Almost every Chinese has basic medical insurance and old-age pension insurance. Products from remote areas are sold across the country through live streaming. Farmers in deep mountains and young people in cities take high-speed trains to look for jobs elsewhere and pursue their dreams. Green and low-carbon living has become a new fashion. The Chinese are driving 50% of the world's new-energy vehicles, on the biggest network of expressways in the world. 10% of the Chinese population have visited other countries to open up their eyes. Chinese astronauts have safely returned to Earth after several months' stay in our space station. The rights and freedoms of the Chinese are fully protected by the Constitution, and they are on their way to ballot stations. Muslims in Xinjiang and other places go to mosques nearby. One billion Chinese netizens get connected with the world for information and engagement at the click of a mouse. China has signed 26 international instruments on human rights. COVID-19 has been basically put under control in China, with 1.1 billion people fully vaccinated. China has provided vaccines to over 100 countries and international organizations, and will supply altogether two billion doses by the end of this year. The Belt and Road Initiative, guided by the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, will take tens of millions of people of other countries out of poverty. Over 2,400 Chinese peacekeepers are on duty worldwide. President Xi Jinping yesterday proposed a Global Development Initiative. China is working with other countries to build a community with a shared future for mankind.
当然，中国并不完美，前进的征程上还面临许多困难和挑战，比如如何在发展市场经济中解决发展不平衡不充分和社会公平公正等问题。但我们在不断深化改革，建设社会主义民主政治，实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，更好地满足人民对美好生活的向往，为全人类进步作出更大贡献。
I'm not saying China is perfect. There are many difficulties and challenges on our way ahead, such as how to make our development more balanced and adequate, and ensure fairness and justice in a market economy. We are deepening reform, improving socialist democracy, and modernizing national governance. These efforts are to meet the people's aspiration for a better life and make greater contribution to mankind.
朋友们，难道中国不是在追求和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值吗？难道中国践行的以人民为中心的理念与林肯总统所说的“民有、民治、民享”的思想不都是为了人民吗？我们可不可以这样理解中国的社会主义全过程民主：从人民中来、到人民中去、同人民在一起、一切为了人民。
My friends, isn't it obvious that China is just pursuing peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy and freedom, which are common values of mankind? Isn't it obvious that both China's people-center philosophy and President Lincoln's "of the people, by the people, for the people" are for the sake of the people? Shall we understand China's socialist whole-process democracy as this: from the people, to the people, with the people, for the people?
朋友们，中美历史、文化、体制不同，但正如卡特总统所说，两国人民都渴望和平与繁荣，两国领导人都希望为本国人民追求幸福创造和平稳定的环境，这就是中美之间的“大同”。我们从不对别国说我们的制度是世界上最好的，因为我们懂得合适的才是最好的。好不好，不看广告，看疗效。中美既不应也无法改变对方，而是应该打破意识形态的藩篱，摈弃零和博弈的逻辑，各美其美、美美与共、相互尊重、和平共处。
My friends, China and the US are different in history, culture and political system. But just as President Carter said, both the American and Chinese people desire peace and prosperity, and leaders in Washington and Beijing share one common goal: to create peaceful and stable conditions for their people to pursue happiness. This is the biggest commonality between China and the US. We never say that our system is the best, because we know only the suited is the best. Whether it is good or not should not be judged by what we say, but what we do. Our two countries should not and cannot change each other. Instead, we should break ideological barriers, discard zero-sum mentality, respect other countries, and accommodate each other without losing our own distinctions, so as to get along with each other in peace.
习近平主席强调，“中美应该展现大格局、肩负大担当，坚持向前看、往前走，推动中美关系尽快回到稳定发展的正确轨道，更好造福两国人民和世界人民。”让我们拿出战略胆识和政治魄力，开辟中美关系的新未来。
President Xi stressed, "China and the United States need to show broad vision and shoulder great responsibilities. The two countries should look ahead and press forward, and bring China-US relations back to the right track of stable development as soon as possible, for the good of the people in both countries and around the world". Let's demonstrate strategic courage and political resolve to chart a new course in China-US relations.
谢谢大家。
Thank you.
秦大使在线上对话会上还回答了与会人员的有关问题。答问内容如下：
1、问：外界应如何解读和处理美中相互公开批评和指责？
答：中美之间很重要的一点是要相互尊重。中国是开放包容的。外界对中国的建议或批评，只要是客观、真实、善意和建设性的，我们都欢迎并且接受，不断改进我们的工作。我在美国当大使，重要的就是沟通、倾听。但是我们绝不接受毫无根据的诋毁和虚假消息，不接受居高临下、颐指气使的教师爷做派，不接受损害中国主权、统一和领土完整的言行。公民要遵守法律，国家要遵守国际关系基本准则。美国法律禁止分裂国家和种族仇视行为，但为什么美国一些人要对中国这样呢？
2、问：中方对美英澳开展核潜艇合作有何反应？
答：中方已向美方表达关切，外交部发言人已就此表明态度。事实上，不光是中方，连日来许多地区国家都对美、英帮助澳大利亚获得核潜艇表达关切甚至反对。此举加剧军备竞赛，破坏地区和平稳定，损害国际核不扩散努力，有关做法极不负责任。因此，我们敦促相关国家摒弃冷战零和思维和狭隘的地缘政治观念，不要搞封闭、排他的“小圈子 ”。亚太地区的安全事务应由亚太地区人民共同决定，而不是由盎格鲁－萨克逊说了算。中方将密切关注事态进展。
3、问：中方将在亚太区域经济融合中发挥什么作用？
答：首先，中国作为世界第二大经济体和120多个国家特别是亚洲国家的最大贸易伙伴经济继续保持稳定增长，本身就是亚洲乃至世界经济和贸易增长的动力源、信心源，是世界供应链中坚实的一环。
第二，中国奔向共同富裕，坚定不移扩大高水平对外开放，将为亚洲地区国家提供更广阔市场和发展机遇。
第三，中国坚定推进经济全球化和区域经济一体化，中方已经加入《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》（RCEP），并申请加入《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》（CPTPP）。我们还将进一步升级中韩、中新（加坡）等现有的自贸协定，加快中日韩自贸协定等新的自贸协定谈判步伐，这些将为亚太区域经济一体化进程注入强劲动力，推动区域内产业链、供应链和价值链进一步融合发展，进一步推动贸易和投资增长，促进亚太地区的发展与繁荣。
4、问：美中双方可以采取哪些实质性举措来增进互信，特别是恢复在教育、科技等领域的有效合作？
答：中美关系在上届美国政府任内遭到严重破坏，双方教育、科技、人文等领域交流也未能幸免。美国国内一些人鼓噪“中国留学生都是间谍”，诬蔑“孔子学院”是在搞文化渗透，不少中国学生学者无端遭遇遣返、拒签、盘查、滋扰，双方科技交流几乎中断。教育、科技、文化交流对增进两国相互了解与信任具有重要作用，符合双方共同利益。我到任后，10多所美国高校及教育机构负责人纷纷向我致信，表示希望继续开展美中教育交流合作。我们期待拜登政府能尽快扭转这一局面。我注意到美方近来为85,000名中国学生发放了签证，但同时也发生了一些中国学生遭拒的情况。我们希望美方采取更多实际行动抬起阻隔两国交流的铁幕，让两国的学生、学者、科学家、艺术家能够不受恐惧、没有障碍地交流合作。比如，在防控重大传染性疾病、应对气候变化等问题上，两国科学家可以开展更多合作。中国也继续欢迎美国学生到中国留学。
前不久，习近平主席同拜登总统通电话，两国元首进行了坦诚、深入、战略性的沟通交流，释放出积极信号。两国元首一致同意继续通过多种方式保持经常性联系，双方工作层广泛接触对话，挖掘合作潜力，有效管控分歧，避免冲突，为中美关系进一步发展创造条件。习近平主席特别强调，要在尊重彼此核心关切，妥善管控分歧的基础上开展协调合作。坦率地讲，我担心的是，美方以竞争定义中美关系，而美方竞争的方式往往是对抗，特别是在涉及中国核心利益的重大问题上。如果这一点不改变，将损害中方为促进中美互信与合作的努力。从国际关系史中我找不出一个例子来，即国与国的政治关系处在竞争甚至对抗状态，但其他方面毫发无损。
5、问：目前，非中国公民因紧急人道主义情况申请赴华签证须耗时数周甚至数月。中国驻美使馆是否会考虑将此类签证的受理时间缩短至数个工作日？美中是否开始协商重开成都和休斯敦总领馆？
答：因疫情形势发展，普通签证申请由疫情前的窗口受理模式调整为电子邮件初审后进行邮寄办理。这给签证申请人带来一些不便，也影响了受理速度。去年7月，美方突然单方面要求中方关闭驻休斯敦总领馆，违反中美领事条约有关规定以及国际法和国际关系基本准则，对中美关系造成严重破坏。原来由中国驻休斯敦总领馆受理的签证申请转到中国驻美使馆，导致使馆工作量激增，某种程度上延长了处理时间。我馆工作人员将尽全力加快进度。我们也希望签证申请人按要求提供完整、准确材料，以免周折，耽误时间。
面对美方悍然关闭中国驻休斯敦总领馆，中方不得不对等反制，关闭了美国驻成都总领馆。解铃还需系铃人。这个问题是美方单方面挑起的，要解决也需要美方首先采取行动。
6、问：未来数十年美中在气候变化、核扩散、网络安全、新技术挑战等全球性问题上的合作将更加突出，面临的形势也将更加复杂。您认为应采取哪些措施确保下一代美中两国外交官能够共同解决好上述问题？
答：习近平主席在同拜登总统通话时强调，当前国际社会面临许多共同难题。中美应展现大格局、肩负大担当，双方应在尊重彼此核心关切、妥善管控分歧的基础上，继续接触对话，推进在重大国际和地区问题上的协调合作。
在应对气候变化问题上，中美首先要把自己的事情做好。双方各自都已宣布了国家自主贡献目标（NDC），那就言必信、 行必果。国际社会对美国能否兑现承诺、会不会再翻烙饼存有疑虑。
中美都要践行多边主义，维护以联合国为核心的国际体系和以国际法为基础的国际秩序。比如在核不扩散问题上，美国宣布帮助澳大利亚获得核潜艇让人们怀疑他们承担的国际责任和义务，包括核不扩散承诺。如果一个国家总说要维护以规则为基础的国际秩序，却连它自己制定的规则都不遵守，或有选择地遵守，或朝令夕改地遵守，怎么让别人相信它？
网络、新技术的出现推动了世界进步，同时也带来风险和挑战，国际社会应该制定新的规划、标准加以规范，趋利避害，中美之间也可以进行商谈、协调。例如，中国已经提出全球数字安全倡议，欢迎美方响应，共同维护全球数字和网络安全。
7、问：当前美中关系面临走向冲突的危险，中方可以单方面采取哪些举措缓和紧张局势，避免两国冲突对抗？
答：中方抱着极大诚意同美方开展对话沟通，缓和中美关系紧张。只要存在机会，我们愿继续同美方开展合作，但中美双方合作必须基于相互尊重的原则。美方不要指望中方在美方有需求、只符合美方利益的领域予以配合，同时却忽视甚至是损害中方利益，特别是在涉及中方主权和领土完整的核心问题上。
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文章来源：观察者网、中华人民共和国驻美利坚合众国大使馆官网
编辑：钱美利
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