京领嘉宾 | 诺贝尔物理学奖得主、引力波之父：好奇心是创新的源泉

Original 京领京领新国际

2020年12月25日，

《2020中国国际学校竞争力排行榜》

《2020中国国际化学校品牌价值百强榜》

《2020中国国际学校创新竞争力百强榜》

（点击榜单名称可进入链接观看完整榜单），

并且共邀请了五位主旨演讲嘉宾：诺贝尔经济学奖得主、哈佛大学校级教授马斯金教授；北京一零一中（教育集团）校长、国家督学陆云泉；剑桥大学终身正教授、院士卡德维尔教授；诺贝尔物理学奖得主巴里什教授；诺贝尔诺贝尔生理或医学奖得主谢克曼教授参与京领榜单发布会暨诺奖创新论坛，并在与会嘉宾共同见证下重磅发布2020中国国际学校系列排行榜。

诺贝尔物理学奖得主、美国国家科学院院士、美国艺术与科学院院士

巴里·巴里什(Barry Clark Barish)

受邀在京领榜单发布会暨诺奖创新论坛上

发表了精彩演讲。

嘉宾介绍

巴里什教授

诺贝尔物理学奖得主

美国国家科学院院士

美国艺术与科学院院士

巴里什教授是世界最伟大的科学家之一，“引力波”之父，量子医学的划时代奠基人，美国加州理工学院荣休教授。他是引力波领域的专家，被“世界科学节”授予“站在巨人肩膀上的物理学泰斗”。2017年，“因对LIGO探测器及引力波探测的决定性贡献”而与莱纳·魏斯及基普·索恩共同获得诺贝尔物理学奖。他的远见卓识发挥了关键性领导作用，直接验证爱因斯坦对引力波的 100 年的预言，并开创了引力波天文学的新领域。巴里什教授还曾当选美国艺术与科学院、美国国家科学院、美国国家科学基金会理事会、美国物理学会以及美国科学促进会成员。他的代表性奖项还包括：克洛普斯特格奖、恩里科·费米奖、亨利·德雷伯奖章、欧洲物理学会颁发的朱塞佩与万那·科科尼奖。

巴里什教授作为诺贝尔物理学奖得主、美国国家科学院院士、美国艺术与科学院院士，在本次论坛中进行了深刻的发言。巴里什教授的发言发人深省，他以自己的亲身经历揭示了——“好奇心是创新的源泉”，生动阐释了创新人才培养的本质。

在此新年到来之际，京领独家放送巴里什教授的精彩演讲，以飨读者。（扫描文末二维码可观看完整发布会回放）

以下是巴里什教授的演讲内容：

巴里什教授在京领榜单发布会暨诺奖创新论坛上的精彩演讲

大家好，我是Barry Barrish。首先欢迎大家来到京领榜单发布会暨诺奖创新论坛。很高兴很可以见到那么多中国学生和家长。

我先介绍我自己，以及我从像你们这么大的青少年成长到现在的经历。

首先，我是谁呢？我是一名美国物理学家。我获得了2017年的诺贝尔物理学奖，因为我发现了引力波。

接下来的几分钟里，我会跟大家简单说一下什么是引力波。这要先从过去，从我像你们这么大甚至更小些的时候说起。

我出生在美国中部一个叫奥马哈的城市。奥马哈在内布拉斯卡州，是美国的一个农业乡村。我的父母和我弟弟还有我从那里搬到了加州。在我还是青少年之前，大概十岁的时候。

所以当我来到加州的时候，我就大概十岁左右。我们搬来这个地方就是加州的好莱坞，就是拍电影的好莱坞。所以当我还是个孩子的时候，我整天被这些事物包围，被这些所谓的故事叙述的事情包围。

好莱坞就是将故事变成电影的地方，还有很多和电影相关的事情。对于我来说，讲故事就是我真正的兴趣所在。

当我还是个孩子的时候，我喜欢写作和阅读。我去看电影、被这些相关的事情所包围。因此在我大概13岁的时候我以为将来我会写小说。

虽然我仍然还是喜欢阅读和写作等等的事情，但是等我再长大一些的时候，我发现我很擅长数学。

我还有另外一个特点，有一件事你必须要问你自己：你觉得有什么事情对你来说是重要的？

我很有好奇心，我也认为你们都应该有好奇心，这是你们应该追求的事情。

我会好奇事情是怎么运作的，我看东西的时候总是想弄明白它是怎么运作的。

为什么冰块也是用水做的却可以浮在水面上？当然对于物理学家来说这是一个很简单的问题。但因为我还是个孩子，所以对我来说这确实是一件令人好奇的事情。为什么天空是蓝色的而不是别的颜色？是什么让它有颜色的？还有其他的等等的疑问。

所以就是这些问题促使着我有兴趣去了解大自然，并了解物质世界是怎么样的以及它是怎么运作的。

在我上学的过程中，我非常擅长数学和科学研究所需要的工具。所以我去加州大学伯克利分校上学。在学校的时候，我很幸运的在大一的时候就上了物理课。

我为什么只上物理呢？

因为它可以回答很多很简单的问题。我说过我有很强的好奇心，所以我认为我应该学习这些事物是怎么运作的。

事实证明，在伯克利上学的时候正是个好时机。

他们在物理学上获得了很多重大发现。他们正在了解质子是由什么组成的、里面有什么、质子由几个部分组成。这是人们直到20、30年前才知道的。

我们知道有质子这个东西，也知道有电子这个东西，但我们并不知道质子是什么，质子是组成物质的最基本元素。因此了解木头是什么组成的也很重要，因为它们是组成建筑物的最基础的物质。

当我还是大学新生的那段时间，他们发现了质子的反粒子，说明了既有反粒子也有质子。这就让我感到很惊喜，这一切正好就发生在我所在的大学。

除此之外，他们开始了解更多其他构成物质的成分。这件事情吸引了我，因此我开始在学校学习，我决定学习这个内容。

我留在了伯克利并获得了我的物理学博士学位，之后我在位于加州帕萨迪纳的加州理工当了教授，就是我一直住的地方。

某一时刻我开始对引力产生了兴趣，引力非常有趣。我们从小就知道也能感受到，如果你跳起来，你的老师会告诉你是地吸引力把你拽下来了。

但我问了另一个问题：为什么它能让我下来？我的老师并不能回答这个问题。

我从小就记住了这个问题。所以我长大后，我就开始对地吸引力为什么能让我跳下来感兴趣，然后我意识到我们并没有一个好的答案解释它。

后来，爱因斯坦有了一个答案。

但我们不确定他关于地吸引力可以让人落地的解释是全部正确的，这些都与曲率，时空等等相关。

为了证明爱因斯坦的想法是否是正确的，就产生了另一个概念，也是很让我感兴趣的一个概念。因为我们都以另一种方式在感受着它，这就是引力波。

就像水波，电磁波一样无处不在。我们有光，也是一种波；我们有电波能使收音机工作；我们厨房里的微波炉也有波。

虽然我们知道这对电磁学来说是正确的。但这对引力来说也是吗？真的有引力波吗？我们不知道，也很难知道。

直到我希望能够破解这个秘密，而我共事的同事们也很有智慧，我们就一起工作。后来我们发明了一个叫LIGO的设备，LIGO证明了确实有引力波。

这被认为是一个重大发现，我也因此获得了诺贝尔奖。这对于我个人来说也是一项很好的成就。

但我是怎么做到的呢？是什么让我做到的呢？这也许可以让你也想想自己能做什么。

但最基本的是，每个孩子小的时候都有很强的好奇心，孩子们会问各种各样的问题。当他们问大人这些问题时，我们大部分人都不能回答出来。

我们每天都拿着手机，但有多少人知道手机是怎么工作的呢？信息是怎么传递的呢？又比如，我们回到家就会打开电视，但我们多少人明白电视是怎么有图像、有声音、电视里这些故事是怎么呈现到电视上的呢？

我们周围的一切现象也是如此：大家都会开车，但我们了解汽车是怎么运行的吗？这一系列的问题都很少有人知道。

但物理可以解释这一切。对我来说，物理满足了我的好奇心。

你可能对某些物质也有好奇心，比如物理学或者工程学，或者你的好奇心也可能在别的地方。

对于我来说，能够最基本地使我生活前进的方式就是有好奇心。但不仅仅是好奇，而是努力找到能满足你好奇心的办法。

你所好奇的可能正是你感兴趣的事情，也有可能是你一生都想要追求的事情。所以第一个要素就是有好奇心。

第二是要成为一个梦想家。

我们都会有梦想，但在我们有梦想后通常都不会想要去实现梦想。

有意识的梦想会告诉你：你自己想要做什么，或者你做什么事情能让你快乐，或者你想和其他人一起做什么事情。梦想和为实现梦想所做的努力都很重要。

所以我认为结合好奇心和梦想，还有其他对你个人来说的事情，就是你应该重视的、应该尝试探索的。

人要敢于尝试。尝试某件事情但不成功也不会有坏处，然后你会发现你的生活是非常丰富的，生活中也有很多你可以做的事情。

你也许可以像我一样，比如和我一样研究物理，或者你也可以学习一种乐器，或者成为一个演员，或者你们中的一些人也会做我从没做过的事情。

但是在你们这个年纪我就有了雄心壮志让我想去做一些事情，那就是写小说。

总之很高兴可以见到大家，希望你们喜欢这次发布会，也祝大家好运。

演讲原文

English Version

Hello. I'm Barry Barrish, and I want to welcome you to the KingLead Christmas conference. It's great to see so many Chinese students here and parents.

As I'm introducing it, let me tell you a little bit about myself, and kind of how I got to where I am from where you are as teenagers.

I… first, who am I? I'm basically an American physicist. I have won the Nobel prize in physics in 2017 for the Discovery of what are called gravitational waves.

I'll tell you just a little bit about what gravitational waves are in a few minutes, but let me first start back when I was maybe kind of your age or maybe a little younger.

I was born in the middle of the United States in a city called Omaha, Omaha, in this state of Nebraska. That's farming country in the United States. And my parents and my brother and myself, we moved from there to California when I was... before I was even teenager, I was 10 years old.

So, when I came to California, I was about 10 years old, and we moved to an area that's basically Hollywood California. Hollywood is where movies are made. So, as a kid, when I was surrounded by the most, was what I recall storytelling. That's where movies are about, instilling stories. And there's a lot connected with the movie industry. And for me, storytelling was my real interest.

As a…a young kid. I like to write; I love to read. I go to the movies and I was surrounded by all of that. So writing a novel was what I thought I would do when I was maybe 13 years old. And I still love to read and write and so forth. But as I got a little bit older, it turns out I'm pretty good at mathematics.

And I have another personal feature. One thing that you have to ask yourself is what do you what is it about you that matters?

I'm very curious. And I think all of you are really very curious and it's something you need to pursue. But I'm curious how things work. I can't kind of look at something without trying to understand how it works.

Why is it that an ice cube that's made of water floats on water? That's a simple question for a physicist. But as a kid, it was a real curiosity. Why is the sky blue? Isn't some other color? What do you think gives it a color and so forth.

So these kind of questions are what motivated me to be interested in understanding nature and how things were the physical world and how it works.

As I proceeded in school I was pretty good at mathematics and all the tools that you need to do science. So I went to school in Berkeley, California, University of California in Berkeley. And at the university, I had the fortune for me of taking a freshman course in physics.

Why did I take physics only? Because it answered some simple question, said I had a lot of curiosity about I thought I should learn about how things work.

But it turned out that in Berkeley at exactly that time they were making tremendous discoveries in physics. They were understanding what the proton is made out of, what's inside of, what are all the parts of proton.This is something people didn't know until 20, 30 years ago.

We knew there was a proton. We knew there was an electron. But we didn't have any idea what the proton is. That's the fundamental thing we're made out of. So it's pretty important to understand what we're made out of wood. It is a fundamental building blocks that makes up.

And during that period, while I was a beginner in the university, they discovered the anti-particle for the proton that there is an anti-proton as well as a proton. And that really excited me. And it was happening right there in the university I was at.

And beyond that, they started understanding more about other ingredients that make up matter. This captured me and I started studying in school. And then I decided to pursue exactly that I stays in Berkeley and got my PHD in Berkeley in physics. And then I came to become a professor at CalTech in Pasadena California, which is where I' ve been ever since.

I became interested in gravity at some point. Gravity is interesting. We all know and feel that as even kids and if you jump up, your teacher tells you the earth pulls you down.

But I ask the next question, why did it pull you down? And my teacher couldn't answer that.

I remember that as a kid. So when I got older, I could begin interested in why the earth pulls you down only to realize that we didn't have a good answer for that.

Finally, Einstein had an answer, but we weren't sure it was all right for why the earth pulls you down and had to do with these terms of curvature, space time and so forth.

Within Einstein's idea to see if it's right, there was another concept that came out. And it was very interesting to me because we all experience it in another way, and that gravity has waves.

So water waves, the electricity and magnetism waves are everywhere. We have light, which is waves. We have radios that work that are waves. We have a microwave in our kitchen that has waves, though, we know that's true for electromagnetism, but is it also true for gravity? There’s waves? We didn't know. And it's very difficult to tell.

And eventually I got ambitious enough and our colleagues that were smart enough, and we work together. We built a device called LIGO, which was it turns out good enough to see that actually gravity does have waves. That was considered a major Discovery, and I was awarded a Nobel prize for that. Is a very nice thing personally.

And so how did I get there? What is it that made me get there? What is it that's maybe a message that you can think about yourself and maybe do?

But the basic thing is that every kid, when they're young, is very curious. Kids asked questions about everything. And when we get to be adults, we don't ask those questions anymore, most of us.

So you walk around with a cell phone every day. But how many of why a cell phone works, and how it transmits messages? I would draw some little pictures. We go home and turn on the television set. But how many people understand how that image, that sound, that story got on to the television set?

And that's true of nature around us everywhere we drive an automobile. But do we understand how it works? And so forth and so on. Physics is understanding all that. And for me, it's satisfying my curiosity.

You may have a curiosity in something physical like physics or engineering, or maybe your curiosity go somewhere else.

But to me, one of the fundamental ingredients of being able to move ahead in life is to be curious and not just be curious, but try to figure out how you can satisfy that curiosity.

What you're curious about is likely to be exactly what you're interested in and which maybe you want to pursue in your life. And so the first ingredient is being curious.

The second is being a dreamer.

We all dream. But we dream and then we forget the dreams. But conscious dreams are often tell you what you'd like to do with yourself or what you wanna do to enjoy yourself or what you wanna do with other people. So dreaming, the act of dreaming is really important.

And I think the combination of curiosity, dreaming, and whatever else kind of is individual to you is what you should pay attention to and try to exploit it.

Be ambitious.There's no harm in trying something and not succeeding. And then you'll find that life is very rich and there's many things you can do with your life. And you might do something like me and do physics. Or you might play a musical instrument, or you might be an actor, or maybe some of you will do what I never managed to do, but at the ambition and want you to do at one time of my life near your age, which is write a novel.

So anyway, it's nice to meet you all. I hope you enjoy the conference. And best of luck in the future.