2019年6月大学英语六级真题及答案详解（卷一)
今日推文目录
1、《人类简史》作者新作《冠状病毒之后的世界》（中英双语）
2、定了！这些高校已公布开学（返校）时间
3、可怕！美国流感患者竟检测出新冠抗体！特朗普真的要瞒不住了
4、2019年6月大学英语六级真题及答案详解（卷一)
5、英文动画片《西游记》ll49-51集
6、打卡•日常语法视频版llLinking Verbs(53)
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Part ⅠWriting
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of team spirit and communication in the workplace. You should write at least 160 words but no more than 200 words.
Part ⅡListening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1.
A six-month-long negotiation.
B. Preparations for the party.
C. A project with a troublesome client.
D. Gift wrapping for the colleagues.
2. A. Take wedding photos.
B. Advertise her company.
C. Start a small business.
D. Throw a celebration party.
3.
A. Hesitant. B. Nervous.
C. Flattered. D. Surprised.
4.
A. Start her own bakery.
B. Improve her baking skill.
C. Share her cooking experience.
D. Prepare food for the wedding.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5.
A. They have to spend more time studying.
B. They have to participate in club activities.
C. They have to be more responsible for what they do.
D. They have to choose a specific academic discipline.
6.
A. Get ready for a career.
B. Make a lot of friends.
C. Set a long-term goal.
D. Behave like adults.
7.
A. Those who share her academic interests.
B. Those who respect her student commitments.
C. Those who can help her when she is in need.
D. Those who go to the same clubs as she does.
8.
A. Those helpful for tapping their potential.
B. Those conducive to improving their social skills.
C. Those helpful for cultivating individual interests.
D. Those conducive to their academic studies.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. Atthe end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9.
A. They break away from traditional ways of thinking.
B. They are prepared to work harder than anyone else.
C. They are good at refining old formulas.
D. They bring their potential into full play.
10.
A. They contributed to the popularity of skiing worldwide.
B. They resulted in a brandnew style of skiing technique.
C. They promoted the scientific use of skiing poles.
D. They made explosive news in the sports world.
11.
A. He was recognized as a genius in the world of sports.
B. He competed in all major skiing events in the world.
C. He won three gold medals in one Winter Olympics.
D. He broke three world skiing records in three years.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have justheard.
12.
A. They appear restless.
B. They become upset.
C. They lose consciousness.
D. They die almost instantly.
13.
A. It has an instant effect on your body chemistry.
B. It keepsreturning to you every now and then.
C. It leavesyou with a long-lasting impression.
D. It contributes to the shaping of your mind.
14.
A. To succeed while feeling irritated.
B. To feel happy without good health.
C. To be free from frustration and failure.
D. To enjoy good health while in dark moods.
15.
A. They are closely connected.
B. They function in a similar way.
C. They are too complex to understand.
D. They reinforce each other constantly.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings willbe played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16.
A. They differ in their appreciation of music.
B. They focus their attention on different things.
C. They finger the piano keys in different ways.
D. They choose different pieces of music to play.
17.
A. They manage to cooperate well with their teammates.
B. They use effective tactics to defeat their competitors.
C. They try hard to meet the spectators' expectations.
D. They attach great importance to high performance.
18.
A. It marks a breakthrough in behavioral science.
B. It adopts a conventional approach to research.
C. It supports a piece of conventional wisdom.
D. It gives rise to controversy among experts.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19.
A. People's envy of slim models.
B. People's craze for good health.
C. The increasing range of fancy products.
D. The great variety of slimming products.
20.
A. They appear vigorous.
B. They appear strange.
C. They look charming.
D. They look unhealthy.
21.
A. Culture and upbringing.
B. Wealth and social status.
C. Peer pressure.
D. Media influence.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
22.
A. The relation between hair and skin.
B. The growing interest in skin studies.
C. The color of human skin.
D. The need of skin protection.
23.
A. The necessity to save energy.
B. Adaptation to the hot environment.
C. The need to breathe with ease.
D. Dramatic climate changes on earth.
24.
A. Leaves and grass.
B. Man-made shelter.
C. Their skin coloring.
D. Hair on their skin.
25.
A. Their genetic makeup began to change.
B. Their communities began to grow steadily.
C. Their children began to mix with each other.
D. Their pace of evolution began to quicken.
Part ⅢReading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. Youare required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given ina word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Pasta is no longer off the menu, after a new review ofstudies suggested that the carbohydrate can form part of a healthy diet, andeven help people lose weight. For years, nutritionists have recommended that pasta be kept to a 26 ,to cut calories, prevent fat build-up and stop blood sugar 27 up.
The low-carbohydrate food movement gave birth to such dietsas the Atkins, Paleo and Keto, which advised swapping foods like bread, pastaand potatoes for vegetables, fish and meat. More recently the trend of swapping spaghetti for vegetables has been 28 by clean-eating experts.
But now a 29 review and analysis of 30 studies by Canadian researchers found that not only does pasta not cause weight gain, but three meals a week can help people drop more than half a kilogram over four months. The reviewers found that pasta had been unfairly demonized (妖魔化) because it had been 30 in with other, more fat-promoting carbohydrates.
"The study found that pasta didn't 31 to weight gain or increasein body fat," said lead author Dr John Sievenpiper. "In 32 the evidence, we can nowsay with some confidence that pasta does not have an 33 effect on body weightoutcomes when it is consumed as part of a healthy dietary pattern." Infact, analysis actually showed a small weight loss. So 34 to concerns, perhaps pasta can be part of a healthy diet.
Those involved in the 35 trials on average ate 3.3 servings of pasta a week instead of other carbohydrates, one serving equaling around half a cup. They lost around half a kilogram over an average follow-upof 12 weeks.
A. adverse B. Championed C. Clinical D. Contrary E. Contribute F. Intimate G. Lumped H. Magnified I. Minimum J. Radiating K. Ration L. Shooting M. Subscribe N. Systematic O. weighing
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The Best Retailers Combine Bricks and Clicks
A. Retail profits are falling sharply. Stores are closing. Malls are emptying. The depressing stories just keep coming. Reading theearnings announcements of large retail stores like Macy's, Nordstrom, andTarget is about as uplifting as a tour of an intensive care unit. The internet is apparently taking down yet another industry. Brick and mortar stores (实体店) seem to be going the way of the yellow pages. Sure enough, the Census Bureau just released data showing that online retail sales surged 15.2 percent between the first quarter of 2015 and the first quarter of 2016.
B. But before you dump all of your retail stocks, there are more facts you should consider. Looking only at that 15.2 percent"surge" would be misleading. It was an increase that was on a small base of 6.9 percent. Even when a tiny number grows by a large percentage terms, it is often still tiny.
C. More than 20 years after the internet was opened to commerce, the Census Bureau tells us that brick and mortar sales accounted for92.3 percent of retail sales in the first quarter of 2016. Their data show thatonly 0.8 percent of retail sales shifted from offline to online between the beginning of 2015 and 2016.
D. So, despite all the talk about drone (无人机) deliveries to your doorstep, all the retail executives expressing anxiety over consumers going online, and even a Presidential candidate exclaiming that Amazon has a "huge antitrust problem," theCensus data suggest that physical retail is thriving. Of course, the closed stores, depressed executives, and sinking stocks suggest otherwise. What's the real story?
E. Many firms operating brick and mortar stores are introuble. The retail industry is getting "reinvented," as we describein our new book Matchmakers. It's standing in the path of what Schumpeter called a gale (大风) of creative destruction. That storm has been brewing for some time, and as it has reached gale force, mostlarge retailers are searching for a response. As the CFO of Macy's put itrecently, "We're frankly scratching our heads."
F. But it's not happening as experts predicted. In the peak of the dot.com bubble, brick and mortar retail was one of those industries theinternet was going to kill—and quickly. The dot.com bust discredited most predictions of that sort and in the years that followed, conventional retailers' confidence in the future increased as Census continued to report weak online sales. And then the gale hit.
G. It is becoming increasingly clear that retail reinvention isn't a simple battle to the death between bricks and clicks. It is about devising retail models that work for people who are making increasing use of agrowing array of internet-connected tools to change how they search, shop, and buy. Creative retailers are using the new technologies to innovate just about everything stores do from managing inventory, to marketing, to getting paid.
H. More than drones dropping a new supply of underwear onyour doorstep, Apple's massively successful brick-and-mortar-and-glass retail stores and Amazon's small steps in the same direction are what should keepold-fashioned retailers awake at night. Not to mention the large number ofcreative new retailers, like Bonobos, that are blending online and offline experiences in creative ways.
I. Retail reinvention is not a simple process, and it's alsonot happening on what used to be called "Internet Time." Some internet-driven changes have happened quickly, of course. Craigslist quickly overtook newspaper classified ads and turned newspaper economics upside down.But many widely anticipated changes weren't quick, and some haven't really started. With the benefit of hindsight (后见之明), it looks like the internet will transform the economy at something like the pace of other great inventions like electricity. B2B commerce, for example, didn't move mainly online by 2005 as many had predictedin 2000, nor even by 2016, but that doesn't mean it won't do so over the next few decades.
J. But the gale is still blowing. The sudden decline in foot traffic in recent years, even though it hasn't been accompanied by a massive decline in physical sales, is a critical warning. People can shop moreefficiently online and therefore don't need to go to as many stores to findwhat they want. There's a surplus of physical shopping space for the crowds, which is one reason why stores are downsizing and closing.
K. The rise of the mobile phone has recently added a newlevel of complexity to the process of retail reinvention. Even five years ago most people faced a choice. Sit at your computer, probably at home or at the office, search and browse, and buy. Or head out to the mall, or Main Street,look and shop, and buy. Now, just about everyone has a smartphone, connected tothe internet almost everywhere almost all the time. Even when a retailer gets acustomer to walk in the store, she can easily see if there's a better deal online or at another store nearby.
L. So far, the main thing many large retailers have done inresponse to all this is to open online stores, so people will come to them directly rather than to Amazon and its smaller online rivals. Many are havingthe same problem that newspapers have had. Even if they get online traffic,they struggle to make enough money online to compensate for what they are losing off line.
M. A few seem to be making this work. Among large traditional retailers, Walmart recently reported the best results, leading its stock priceto surge, while Macy's, Target, and Nordstrom's dropped. Yet Walmart'syear-over-year online sales only grew 7 percent, leading its CEO to lament (哀叹), "Growth here is too slow." Part of the problemis that almost two decades after Amazon filed the one- click patent, the online retail shopping and buying experience is filled with frictions. A recent study graded more than 600 internet retailers on how easy it was for consumers toshop, buy, and pay. Almost half of the sites didn't get a passing grade andonly 18 percent got an A or B.
N. The turmoil on the ground in physical retail is hard to square with the Census data. Unfortunately, part of the explanation is that theCensus retail data are unreliable. Our deep look into those data and their preparation revealed serious problems. It seems likely that Census simply misclassifies a large chunk of online sales. It is certain that the Census procedures, which lump the online sales of major traditional retailers like Walmart with "non-store retailers" like food trucks, can mask major changes in individual retail categories. The bureau could easily present theirdata in more useful ways, but they have chosen not to.
O. Despite the turmoil, brick and mortar won't disappear anytime soon. The big questions are which, if any, of the large traditionalretailers will still be on the scene in a decade or two because they have successfully reinvented themselves, which new players will operate busy stores on Main Streets and maybe even in shopping malls, and how the shopping andbuying experience will have changed in each retail category. Investors shouldn't write off brick and mortar. Whether they should bet on the traditional players who run those stores now is another matter.
36. Although online retailing has existed for some twenty years, nearly half of the internet retailers still fail to receive satisfactory feedback from consumers, according to a recent survey.
37. Innovative retailers integrate internet technologies with conventional retailing to create new retail models.
38. Despite what the Census data suggest, the value of physical retail's stocks has been dropping.
39. Internet-driven changes in the retail industry didn'ttake place as quickly as widely anticipated.
40. Statistics indicate that brick and mortar sales still made up the lion's share of the retail business.
41. Companies that successfully combine online and offline business models may prove to be a big concern for traditional retailers.
42. Brick and mortar retailers' faith in their business was strengthened when the dot. corn bubble burst.
43. Despite the tremendous challenges from online retailing,traditional retailing will be here to stay for quite some time.
44. With the rise of online commerce, physical retail storesare likely to suffer the same fate as the yellow pages.
45. The wide use of smartphones has made it more complex for traditional retailers to reinvent their business.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Professor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artificial intelligence (AI) will be "either the best, or theworst thing, ever to happen to humanity", and praised the creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching the future of intelligence as"crucial to the future of our civilisation and our species".
Hawking was speaking at the opening of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence (LCFI) at Cambridge University, amulti-disciplinary institute that will attempt to tackle some of the open-endedquestions raised by the rapid pace of development in AI research. "Wespend a great deal of time studying history," Hawking said, "which,let's face it, is mostly the history of stupidity. So it's a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence."
While the world-renowned physicist has often been cautious about AI, raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own, he was also quick to highlight the positives that AI research can bring. "The potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge," he said. "We cannot predict what we might achieve when our own minds are amplified by AI. Perhaps with the tools of this new technological revolution, we will be able toundo some of the damage done to the natural world by the last one—industrialisation. And surely we will aim to finally eradicate disease and poverty. And every aspect of our lives will be transformed. In short, successin creating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our civilisation."
Huw Price, the centre's academic director and the Bertrand Russell professor of philosophy at Cambridge University, where Hawking is also an academic, said that the centre came about partially as a result of the university's Centre for Existential Risk. That institute examined a wider rangeof potential problems for humanity, while the LCFI has a narrow focus.
AI pioneer Margaret Boden, professor of cognitive science at the University of Sussex, praised the progress of such discussions. As recently as 2009, she said, the topic wasn't taken seriously, even among AI researchers."AI is hugely exciting," she said, "but it has limitations, which present grave dangers given uncritical use."
The academic community is not alone in warning about the potential dangers of AI as well as the potential benefits. A number of pioneers from the technology industry, most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk, have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity.
46. What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence?______
A. It would be vital to the progress of human civilisation.
B. It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.
C. It might present challenges as well as opportunities.
D. It would be a significant expansion of human intelligence.
47. What did Hawking say about the creation of theLCFI?______
A. It would accelerate the progress of AI research.
B. It would mark a step forward in the AI industry.
C. It was extremely important to the destiny of humankind.
D. It was an achievement of multi-disciplinary collaboration.
48. What did Hawking say was a welcome change in AI research?______
A. The shift of research focus from the past to the future.
B. The shift of research from theory to implementation.
C. The greater emphasis on the negative impact of AI.
D. The increasing awareness of mankind's past stupidity.
49. What concerns did Hawking raise about AI?______
A. It may exceed human intelligence sooner or later.
B. It may ultimately over-amplify the human mind.
C. Super-intelligence may cause its own destruction.
D. Super-intelligence may eventually ruin mankind.
50. What do we learn about some entrepreneurs from the technology industry?______
A. They are much influenced by the academic community.
B. They are most likely to benefit from AI development.
C. They share the same concerns about AI as academics.
D. They believe they can keep AI under human control.
Passage Two
The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach $30 billion by next year, and startups (初创公司) want in on the action. What they sometimes lack is feedback from the people who they hope will use their products. So Brookdale, the country's largest owner of retirement communities, has been inviting a few select entrepreneurs just to move in for a few days, show off their products and hear what the residents have to say.
That's what brought Dayle Rodriguez, 28, all the way from England to the dining room of Brookdale South Bay in Torrance, California. Rodriguez is the community and marketing manager for a company called Sentab.The startup's product, SentabTV, enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email, video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control.
"It's nothing new, it's nothing too complicated and it's natural because lots of people have TV remotes," says Rodriguez.
But none of that is the topic of conversation in the Brookdale dining room. Instead, Rodriguez solicits residents' advice on what he should get on his cheese burger and how he should spend the afternoon. Playing cards was on the agenda, as well as learning to play mahjong (麻将).
Rodriguez says it's important that residents here don't feellike he's selling them something. "I've had more feedback in a passive approach," he says. "Playing pool, playing cards, having dinner, having lunch," all work better "than going through a survey of questions. When they get to know me and to trust me, knowing for sure I'm notselling them something—there'll be more honest feedback from them."
Rodriguez is just the seventh entrepreneur to move into oneof Brookdale's 1,100 senior living communities. Other new products in theprogram have included a kind of full-body blow dryer and specially designedclothing that allows people with disabilities to dress and undress themselves.
Mary Lou Busch, 93, agreed to try the Sentab system. Shetells Rodriguez that it might be good for someone, but not for her.
"I have the computer and FaceTime, which I talk with my family on," she explains. She also has an iPad and a smartphone. "SoI do pretty much everything I need to do."
To be fair, if Rodriguez had wanted feedback from some more technophobic (害怕技术的) seniors, he might have ended up in the wrong Brookdale community. This one is located in theheart of Southern California's aerospace corridor. Many residents have backgrounds in engineering, business and academic circles.
But Rodriguez says he's still learning something important by moving into this Brookdale community: "People are more tech-proficient than we thought."
And besides, where else would he learn to play mahjong?
51. What does the passage say about the startups?______
A. They never lose time in upgrading products for seniors.
B. They want to have a share of the seniors' goods market.
C. They invite seniors to their companies to try their products.
D. They try to profit from promoting digital products to seniors.
52. Some entrepreneurs have been invited to Brookdale to______.
A. have an interview with potential customers
B. conduct a survey of retirement communities
C. collect residents' feedback on their products
D. show senior residents how to use IT products
53. What do we know about SentabTV?______
A. It is a TV program catering to the interest of theelderly.
B. It is a digital TV which enjoys popularity among seniors.
C. It is a TV specially designed for seniors to view programs.
D. It is a communication system via TV instead of a computer.
54. What does Rodriguez say is important in promoting products?______
A. Winning trust from prospective customers.
B. Knowing the likes and dislikes of customers.
C. Demonstrating their superiority on the spot.
D. Responding promptly to customer feedback.
55. What do we learn about the seniors in the Brookdale community?______
A. Most of them are interested in using the Sentab.
B. They are quite at ease with high-tech products.
C. They have much in common with seniors elsewhere.
D. Most of them enjoy a longer life than average people.
Part ⅣTranslation
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate apassage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.
中国幅员辽阔，人口众多，很多地方人们都说自己的方言。方言在发音上差别最大，词汇和语法差别较小。有些方言，特别是北方和南方的方言，差异很大，以至于说不同方言的人常常很难听懂彼此的讲话。方言被认为是当地文化的一个组成部分，但近年来能说方言的人数不断减少。为了鼓励人们更多说本地方言，一些地方政府已经采取措施，如在学校开设方言课，在广播和电视上播放方言节目，以期保存本地的文化遗产。
答案:
Part ⅠWriting
1、[范文]
TheImportance of Team Spirit and Communication in the Workplace
As thesaying goes, "When teamwork kicks in, nobody can bea! you." Ithighlights the critical role that team spirit plays in completing a task. In myview, team spirit and communication are especially important in the workplace.
First ofall, with the increasingly fierce competition among enterprises, in order toachieve the desired results, cooperation and communication among colleagueswhich can maximize work efficiency are particularly important. Secondly,promoting team spirit and communication at work can ensure that everyoneunderstands where the company is going and get them all actively involved inthe development of the company. Thirdly, cooperation and communication at workcan enhance the interaction among coworkers and form good interpersonalrelationships in a company, which is essential to build a friendly,cooperative, and harmonious working atmosphere in the enterprise.
Toconclude, we cannot deny that almost always, it is the joint efforts of a wholeteam that decides the success of a project. Therefore, we should learn tocooperate and communicate effectively with team members, so as to achieve awin-win situation.
[解析]http://www.yfzxmn.cn/newyfB12/tu/1908/yyl/dy/lj1018.82F479.jpg
Part ⅡListening Comprehension
Section A
1、C
[听力原文]
W: Hi, myname is Kathy. Nice to meet you!
M: Niceto meet you, too, Kathy. My name is John. I'm a university friend of the bride.What about you? Who do you know at this party?
W: I am acolleague of Brenda. I was a little surprised to be invited, to be honest. We'veonly been working together the last six months, but we quickly became goodfriends. We just wrapped up a project with a difficult client last week. Ibet Brenda is glad it's clone with, and she can focus on wedding preparations.
M: Oh,yes. So you're Kathy from the office. Actually, I've heard a lot about you andthat project. The client sounded like a real nightmare!
W: Oh, hewas. I mean we deal with all kinds of people on a regular basis. It's part ofthe job, but he was especially particular, enough about that. What line of workare you in?
M: Well,right out of college, I worked in advertising for a while. Recently, though, Iturn my photography hobby into a small business. I'll actually be takingphotos during the big event as a wedding gift.
W: Thatsounds wonderful and very thoughtful of you. I bake, just as a hobby. ButBrenda has asked me to do the cake for the wedding. I was a bit nervous saying yes, because I'm far from a professional.
M: Didyou bake the cookies here at the party tonight?
W: Yes, Igot the idea from a magazine.
M:They're delicious! You've got nothing to worry about. You're a natural.
W: Youreally think so?
M: If youhadn't told me that, I would have guessed they were baked by the restaurant. You know, with your event-planning experience, you could very well open your ownshop.
W: Ha, ha! One step at a time. First, I'll see how baking the wedding cake goes. Ifit's not a disaster, maybe I'll give it some more thought.
What didKathy and Brenda finish doing last week?
[解析] 事实细节题。Kathy说她跟新娘Brenda在一起工作才六个月，但很快就成了好朋友。上周，她们刚和一个难缠的客户完成了一个项目。
2、A
[听力原文]
What isJohn going to do for Brenda?
[解析] 事实细节题。对话中男士说，他会在婚礼期间拍摄照片，并把这些照片当成新婚礼物送给新人。
3、B
[听力原文]
How didKathy feel when asked to bake the cake?
[解析] 事实细节题。对话中Kathy提到了nervous这个词，虽然她答应为Brenda的婚礼制作蛋糕，但她还是有点紧张，她认为自己离专业人士还差得很远。
4、A
[听力原文]
What doesthe man suggest the woman do?
[解析] 细节推断题。对话中，男士说女士烤的饼干很美味，并说凭她的活动策划经验，她完全可以开一家自己的店。由此可知，男士建议女士开一家蛋糕店。
5、C
[听力原文]
M: Youare heading for a completely different world now that you are about to graduatefrom high school.
W: I knowit's the end of high school, but many of my classmates are going on to the sameuniversity and we are still required to study hard. So what's the difference?
M: Manyaspects are different here at university. The most important one is that youhave to take more individual responsibility for your actions. It's up toyour own self-discipline how much effort you put into study. Living in collegedormitories, there are no parents to tell you to study harder or stop wastingtime. Lecturers have hundreds of students, and they are not going to follow youup or question you if you miss their lectures.
W: Nobodycares, you mean?
M: It'snot that nobody is concerned about you. It's just that suddenly atuniversity you are expected to behave like an adult. That means concentratingon the direction of your life in general and your own academic performancespecifically.
W: Forexample?
M: Well,like you need to manage your daily, weekly and monthly schedules so that youwill study regularly. Be sure to attend all classes and leave enough time tofinish assignments and prepare well for examinations.
W. Okay,and what else is different?
M: Well,in college, there are lots of distractions and you need to control yourself. Youwill make interesting friends, but you need only keep the friends who respectyour student commitments. Also, there are a lot of wonderful clubs, butyou shouldn't allocate too much time to club activities, unless they aredirectly related to your study. It's also your choice if you want to go outat night, but you will be foolish to let that affect your class performanceduring the day.
W: Well,I'm determined to do well in university and I guess I am going to have to growup fast.
What doesthe man say about college students as compared with high schoolers?
[解析] 事实细节题。对话中男士说，大学与高中有很多方面都不一样，与高中生相比，最重要的一点就是大学生必须对自己的行为担负起更多的责任。
6、D
[听力原文]
What arecollege students expected to do according to the man?
[解析] 事实细节题。对话中男士说，一上大学，学生就应该让自己的言行更贴近一个成年人。
7、B
[听力原文]
What kindof friends does the man suggest the woman make as a college student?
[解析] 事实细节题。对话中男士明确指出，女士会交到有趣的朋友，但是她只需要结交那些能够尊重她在学业上坚守的朋友。
8、D
[听力原文]
What kindof club activities should college students engage in according to the man?
[解析] 事实细节题。对话中男士提到，大学里还有很多很棒的俱乐部，但是男士认为，除非这些俱乐部活动与学习直接相关，否则不应该在这些活动上花费太多时间。由此可知，男士认为，大学生应该参加那些对他们的学业有帮助的俱乐部活动。
Section B
9、A
[听力原文]
Mostsuccessful people are unorthodox persons whose minds wander outside traditionalways of thinking. Instead of trying to refine old formulas, they invent newones. When Jean-Claude Killy made the French National Ski Team in the early1960s he was prepared to work harder than anyone else to be the best. At thecrack of dawn he would run up the slopes with his skis on, an unbelievablybackbreaking activity. In the evening, he would do weightlifting and running.But the other team members were working as hard and long as he was. He realizedinstinctively that simply training harder would never be enough. Killy thenbegan challenging the basic theories of racing technique. Each week he wouldtry something different to see if he could find a better, faster way down themountain. His experiments resulted in a new style that was almost exactlyopposite the accepted technique of the time. It involved skiing with hislegs apart for better balance and sitting back on the skis when he came to aturn. He also used ski poles in an unorthodox way to propel himself as heskied. The explosive new style helped cut Killy's racing time dramatically. In1966 and 1967, he captured virtually every major skiing trophy. The nextyear, he won three gold medals in the Winter Olympics, a record in ski racingthat has never been topped. Killy learned an important secret shared bymany creative people: innovations don't require genius, just a willingness toquestion the way things have always been done.
What doesthe speaker say about most successful people?
[解析] 细节推断题。短文一开头就提到，绝大多数成功人士都不怎么传统，他们的思想游离于传统的思维方式之外。他们没有去尝试改善旧的方法，反而愿意去创造新的方式。
10、B
[听力原文]
What doesthe speaker say about Killy's experiments?
[解析] 事实细节题。短文中提到，Killy的实验产生了一套全新的滑雪技巧，而这些技巧与当时公认的滑雪技巧几乎完全相反。
11、C
[听力原文]
What issaid to be Killy's biggest honor in his skiing career?
[解析] 事实细节题。短文中提到，在1966年和1967年，Killy几乎赢得了所有重大滑雪赛事的奖杯。第二年，他在冬季奥运会上获得了三枚金牌，创下了滑雪比赛的最高纪录。
12、D
[听力原文]
Scientific experiments have demonstrated incredible ways to kill a guineapig, a small furry animal. Emotional upsets generate powerful and deadly toxicsubstances. Blood samples taken from persons experiencing intense fear oranger when injected into guinea pigs have killed them in less than two minutes.Imagine what these poisonous substances can do to your own body. Everythought that you have affects your body chemistry within a split second.Remember how you feel when you're speeding down the highway and a big trucksuddenly brakes twenty meters in front of you. A shock wave shoots through yourwhole system. Your mind produces instant reactions in your body. Thetoxic substances that fear, anger, frustration and stress produce not only killguinea pigs hut kill us off in a similar manner. It is impossible to befearful, anxious, irritated and healthy at the same time. It is not justdifficult; it is impossible. Simply put, your body's health is a reflection ofyour mental health. Sickness will often then be a result of unresolvedinner conflicts which in time show up in the body. It is also fascinatinghow our subconscious mind shapes our health. Do you recall falling sick ona day when you didn't want to go to school? Headaches brought on by fear? Themind- body connection is such that if, for example, we want to avoid something,very often our subconscious mind will arrange it. Once we recognize that thesethings happen to us, we are halfway to doing something about them.
Whathappens to guinea pigs when blood samples of angry people are injected intothem?
[解析] 事实细节题。短文中提到，当把从极度愤怒或恐惧的人身上提取的血液样本注射到豚鼠体内时，它们不到两分钟就死亡了。
13、A
[听力原文]
What doesthe speaker say about every thought you have?
[解析] 事实细节题。短文中提到，我们的每一个想法都会在一瞬间对我们体内的化学物质产生影响。
14、D
[听力原文]
What doesthe speaker say is impossible?
[解析] 事实推断题。短文中提到，恐惧、焦虑、愤怒和健康是不可能同时并存的。简单来说，你的身体健康是你的心理健康的反映。由此可知，人们在情绪不好时依然能保持身体健康是不可能的。
15、A
[听力原文]
What doesthe passage say about our mind and body?
[解析] 推理判断题。短文中提到，我们的大脑会在你的身体里产生即时的反应，同样，我们的潜意识也会影响我们的健康，由此判断，我们的思维和健康是紧密联系在一起的。
Section C
16、B
[听力原文]
Teachersand students alike have experienced the curious paradox that beginners, as arule, tend to think too little about what they are doing because they think toomuch about what they are doing. Take, for example, people who are learning toplay basketball or the piano. They have to give so much thought andattention to the low-level mechanics of handling the ball or fingering the keysor reading the music, that they are unable to give any thought to the thingthat matters—the game, or the music, respectively.
Withexperts, it's just the other way around. They're open to the tacticalpossibilities and the musical challenges precisely because they're freed,through skill, from the need to pay attention to the low-level details of howto play. Indeed, when the expert pays attention to the mechanics, this isliable to disrupt performance. This has led some to say that the expertoperates in a zone "beyond thought," in a state of flow. But this ismisleading. Expert performance is not beyond thought. Smart basketballplayers or skilled musicians need to pay close attention to the demands of highperformance, to the challenges to be overcome. What they don't need todo—what would be a distraction—is to have to think about where their fingersare, or how to control the ball while running. It's not mechanics, but the playitself, that absorbs the expert's intelligence.
A nicevideo published online last month sheds light on expertise and the consciousmind. The video reports a new study using an eye-tracking device. It turns outthat the less-skilled pianist spends more time looking at her fingers than doesthe expert who, in contrast, is more likely to be looking at the sheet music,or looking ahead at keys he's not yet playing. In general, the expert's gazewas calmer and more stable.
This isnot a surprising finding. It supports what we might almost think of asconventional wisdom. But it's remarkable for all that, nonetheless. The eyetracker gives expert and learning performers a glimpse into what they do withoutthinking about it. The topic of the nature of skill—and the differences betweenbeginners and experts—has been one of considerable discussion in cognitivescience and philosophy.
What doesthe speaker say about beginners and expert pianists?
[解析] 细节归纳题。讲座中提到，初学钢琴或者刚刚学会打篮球的人关注的是低层次的技巧，而达到大师或专家级的演奏者或者球员则已经不受基本技术的限制，而能够拥有许多战术上的可能性，或是能够进行音乐方面的更多挑战。由此可知，钢琴初学者和钢琴演奏大师的关注点不同。
17、D
[听力原文]
What dosmart basketball players do according to the speaker?
[解析] 事实细节题。讲座中提到，聪明的篮球运动员和钢琴演奏大师都会时刻关注对高水平演奏或表现的要求，努力去克服困难，完成挑战。由此可知，聪明的篮球运动员十分重视高水平的表现。
18、C
[听力原文]
What dowe learn about the new study published in an online video?
[解析] 事实细节题。讲座中提到，录像所展示的内容与我们一直以来就知道的信息是相符的，是对我们某种传统智慧的又一次证明。
19、D
[听力原文]
Everysummer, when I top up my selection of summer outfits from the departmentstores, my eyes would nearly pop out of my head. I'm overwhelmed with a widerange of different slimming products each year. And more shockingly, theseproducts are often advocated by very slim models. Having lived in Asia foralmost 10 years now, I've seen various dieting tips come and go. I remember inJapan, people heading directly to the fruit section in the supermarket when thebanana diet was at its peak. Then there was the black tea and oolong tea diet,followed by the soybean diet and the tomato juice diet. The list goes on andon.
Apartfrom what people eat, I've also seen many interesting slimming products. InHong Kong, I've seen girls wrapping their whole body or both legs up with aspecial type of slimming tape which is supposed to help make them thinner. Butit just reminded me of the roasted ham my mother usually puts on the dinnertable at Christmas. Then there were the face slimming rollers that weresaid to improve your blood circulation and make your face smaller. Personally,I do not believe in any of these slimming gadgets and I think I have a verydifferent perspective when it comes to the definition of what is beautiful.
Asianwomen prefer to avoid the sun, because being pale or white is consideredbeautiful, whereas a tanned complexion is considered much more beautiful andsexy in the West. It is most certainly shaped by a person's culture as wellas how they were raised in their childhood.
As eachsummer season approaches, there's no escape from it. But it's not only womenwho are affected by this pressure to look good. Men aspire to be able to showoff their six packs or their V-shaped backs, and there's a growing market ofslimming pills aimed at men too.
I thinkno matter what diets we follow or what slimming products we obsess ourselveswith, at the end of the day there's no magic trick to shape up for the summer.Eat in a balanced way and incorporate the right level of physical activity. Forme, this still seems to be the best plan.
Whatoverwhelms the speaker when she buys her summer outfits each year?
[解析] 事实细节题。讲话者提到，每年夏天她去商店买衣服，都会被各种系列的减肥产品搞得应接不暇。
20、B
[听力原文]
What doesthe speaker think of girls wrapping their legs up with slimming tape?
[解析] 细节推断题。讲话者提到，她曾经在香港看到有很多女孩把自己用一种特殊的减肥胶带裹起来，目的是能让自己更瘦一点。但在讲话者眼中，她们就像她的妈妈通常在圣诞节时放在餐桌上的烤火腿。也就是说，这些女孩子的样子在讲话者看来很奇怪。
21、A
[听力原文]
What doesthe speaker think affects people's interpretation of beauty?
[解析] 事实细节题。讲座中提到，人们对美的理解与人所处的文化环境有关，也受人们幼时成长经历的影响。
22、C
[听力原文]
Skin mayseem like a superficial human attribute, but it's the first thing we noticeabout anyone we meet. As a zoologist focusing on the studies of apes andmonkeys, I've been studying why humans evolved to become the naked ape, and whyskin comes in so many different shades around the world. We can make a verygood estimate from the fossil record that humans probably evolved naked skinaround 1.5 million years ago, and meanwhile they mostly lost their coat of fur.
Today wehave a few patches of hair remaining on various parts of our bodies. Butcompared with apes and monkeys, we have very little. Basically, we turnedour skin darker to serve as a natural sun protector in the place of the hair welost. We think we lost this hair because of the need to keep ourselvescool when we were moving around vigorously in a hot environment. We can'treally lose heat by breathing quickly and loudly like dogs. We have to do it bysweating. So we evolved the ability to sweat plentifully and lost most of ourfur. Most animals protect themselves from the sun with fur. What we didin our ancestry was to produce more permanent natural coloring in our skincells. This was really an important revolution in human history because itallowed us to continue to evolve in equatorial environments. It really made itpossible for us to continue along the path toward modern humans in Africa.
For mostof human history, we all had dark skin. What we see today is the product ofevolutionary events resulting from the dispersal of a few human populations outof Africa around 60,000 to 70,000 years ago. Our species originated around200,000 years ago and underwent tremendous diversification—culturally,technologically, linguistically, artistically—for 130,000 years. After that,a few small populations left Africa to populate the rest of the world. Theseearly ancestors of modern Eurasians dispersed into parts of the world that hadmore seasonal sunshine and much lower levels of sun radiation. It's in thesepopulations that we begin to see real changes in the genetic makeup of naturalcoloring.
Today,skin color is evolving in the new mixtures of people coming together and havingchildren with new mixtures of skin color genes. We can see this in almost everylarge city worldwide. Not only the coloring genes but lots of other genes aregetting mixed up, too.
What doesthe speaker mainly talk about?
[解析] 主旨大意题。讲座开头提到，皮肤是人体的一个属性，讲话者一直在研究为什么人类进化成裸猿，以及为什么人类的皮肤在世界各地表现出不同的颜色。接着讲话者在第二段提到，由于人类缺少毛发，皮肤变成了深色，以此来作为预防日晒的天然屏障；第三段提到，在人类进化历史的大多数时间，人类的皮肤一直是深色的，但是随着人类迁徙到太阳辐射水平较低的地方，他们的皮肤颜色又发生了变化；最后一段提到，当今，不同肤色的人聚集在一起又进化出了新的混合肤色，由此来解释第一段提到的为什么人类的皮肤在世界各地表现出不同的颜色。因此本文大意为人类皮肤的颜色。
23、B
[听力原文]
What hadprobably caused humans to lose most of their hair 1.5 million years ago?
[解析] 细节归纳题。讲座中提到，讲话者认为，150万年前，人类失去了大量的毛发，原因是人们需要在炎热的环境中保持身体的凉爽。人们没办法像狗那样通过急促、粗重的呼吸来散发热量，必须通过流汗来散热。因此，人们进化出大量出汗的能力，并失去了大部分的毛发。
24、C
[听力原文]
What doesthe speaker say protected early humans from the sun?
[解析] 事实细节题。讲座中提到，跟猿类和猴子相比，我们的毛发非常少。大多数动物用毛发保护自己不受日晒，而我们的祖先所做的是在我们的皮肤细胞中产生永久的天然色素。我们的皮肤颜色会变深，加深的肤色是对日晒的天然防护。
25、A
[听力原文]
Whathappened after humans migrated from Africa to other parts of the world?
[解析] 事实细节题。讲座中提到，人类离开非洲来到了世界各地。当他们到达那些有了四季变化、日晒也不那么强烈的地方，他们的天然色素的基因构成开始发生真正变化。
Part ⅢReading Comprehension
Section A
26、
[考点] 名词辨析题。
[解析] 本文选自2018年4月3日发表在www.telegraph.co.uk(《电讯报》官网)上的一篇标题为“Scrap the spiraliser.Pasta can help you lose weight, major review finds”(《回顾研究的重要发现，意大利面能帮助你减肥》)的文章。
http://www.yfzxmn.cn/newyfB12/tu/1908/yyl/dy/lj1018.A7928F.jpg
空格前面是不定冠词a，空格处作to的宾语，因此空格处应填入可数名词的单数形式。
空格前的冠词之前是动词短语kept to，可知空格中填入的名词可能表示程度，再结合之后的tocut calories，推断该词与“少量”之类的意义相关，由此确定名词I. minimum“最少量”为本题答案。
[参考译文]
重新回顾之前的研究表明，碳水化合物可以成为健康饮食的一部分，甚至可以帮助人们减肥。从此以后，意大利面不再被剔除于菜单之外了。多年来，营养学家一直建议尽可能减少食用意大利面，以减少热量，防止脂肪堆积和血糖升高。
低碳水化合物饮食运动催生了。Atkins、Paleo和Keto等饮食方法，他们建议把面包、意大利面和土豆等食物换成蔬菜、鱼和肉。最近，将意大利面换成蔬菜的趋势受到了清洁饮食专家的支持。
但现在加拿大研究人员对30项研究进行了系统的回顾和分析，发现意大利面不仅不会导致体重增加，而且一周食用三次可以帮助人们在四个月内减掉半公斤以上的体重。研究者们发现意大利面被不公平地妖魔化了，因为它被与其他更易生成脂肪的碳水化合物混为一谈。
“研究发现，意大利面不会导致体重增加或体脂增加，”主要作者约翰·西文派普博士说道。“通过权衡这些证据，我们现在可以比较自信地说，当意大利面作为健康饮食模式的一部分被食用时，不会对体重状况产生负面影响。”事实上，分析其实显示出了少量的体重下降。因此，与人们的担忧恰恰相反，也许意大利面能够成为健康饮食的一部分。
参与临床试验的人平均每周吃3.3份意大利面，而不食用其他碳水化合物，一份意大利面大约相当于半杯。他们在接下来的12周中平均减重约半公斤。
27、
[考点] 动词辨析题。
[解析] 空格位于动宾结构stop sb. /sth. doing...之中，由此推断空格处需要填入动词的现在分词形式，并能与副词up搭配。
空格所在句的前半部分指出，营养学家一直建议尽可能少食用意大利面，以减少热量，防止脂肪堆积，结合之后的副词up，可知此处的意思是要阻止血糖升高，v-ing形式的选项中只有shooting可与up搭配，表示“升高”之意，由此确定答案为L。
28、
[考点] 动词辨析题。
[解析] 空格前面是助动词has been，后面是“介词by+表示人物的名词”，表示动作的发出者，因此推断空格处需要填入动词的过去分词形式。
本段第一句提到，倡导饮食减少碳水化合物摄入的餐单将意大利面等食物换成蔬菜和肉食，可知以蔬菜换意大利面的倾向是受到支持的，由此确定B. championed“捍卫，维护”为本题答案。
29、
[考点] 形容词辨析题。
[解析] 空格前为不定冠词a，空格后为名词短语review and analysis，因此推断空格处应填入形容词或动词的分词形式，作其后名词短语的定语。
空格所在句指出，加拿大研究人员对30项研究进行了回顾和分析，分析所给形容词可知，只有systematic“系统化的，有条理的”可以用来修饰review and analysis，意为“系统的回顾和分析”，故N为本题答案。
30、
[考点] 动词辨析题。
[解析] 空格前面是助动词had been，空格后是副词in和介词with，因此推断空格处应填入动词过去式作谓语，并与其后的inwith构成短语。lump“把……归并在一起”可与in with搭配，构成短语lump...in with...，意为“与……相混杂”，故G为答案。H. magnified“夸张，夸大”与空格所在句意义不符，故排除。
31、
[考点] 动词辨析题。
[解析] 空格位于助动词didn't之后，其后是介词to，空格处应与to构成谓语，后接宾语weight gain。
由前文可知，以往意大利面这类碳水化合物被误当成减肥的禁忌，而本段所分析的研究与此看法相反，认为意大利面不会导致体重增加，contribute与介词to搭配，表示“导致”，故E为答案。
32、
[考点] 动词辨析题。
[解析] 空格位于In引导的介词短语中，作介词的宾语，而空格后为名词theevidence，可知应填入动名词形式。
前文提到通过对过去的30项研究进行回顾和分析，得出了新的结论，可推断回顾和分析过程中不乏对证据的比较和权衡，故O. weighing“权衡”符合句意，故为答案。
33、
[考点] 形容词辨析题。
[解析] 空格前面是不定冠词an，后面为名词effect，可知空格处应填入形容词或动词的分词形式修饰effect，且以元音音素开头。
在符合条件的选项中，adverse“不利的，有害的”与effect搭配，与上下文相符，表示当意大利面作为健康饮食模式的一部分被食用时，不会对体重状况造成负面影响，故为答案。
34、
[考点] 形容词辨析题。
[解析] 空格位于一个独立结构之中，其后是介宾短语to concerns，而句子的主干为简单句，为判断和说明性文字，可知此处应填入形容词。
由前文可知，过去的观点担心意大利面会增加体重，可确定D. contrary“相反的，相对的”符合题意，表示与担忧意大利面不健康的观点相反，为本题答案。
35、
[考点] 形容词辨析题。
[解析] 空格前是定冠词the，其后为名词trials，可知空格处应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。
根据后文介绍有关食用意大利面的试验情况可知，本题答案为C. clinical“临床的”，用来表示“参与临床试验的人”。
Section B
36、
[解析] 本文选自2016年5月30日发表在www.hbr.org(《哈佛商业评论》官网)上一篇标题为“The Best RetailersCombine Bricks and Clicks”(《最好的零售商把线下和线上结合在一起》)的文章。
http://www.yfzxmn.cn/newyfB12/tu/1908/yyl/dy/lj1018.AE5248.jpg
由题干中的twenty years、nearly half和a recent survey定位到文章M段最后两句。
细节归纳题。定位句提到，最近，一项研究对600多家互联网零售商进行了评分，而结果是几乎一半的网站没有及格，只有18%的网站获得了A或B。可见消费者对这些线上零售商不甚满意，题干中的nearly half是对原文中Almosthalf的同义转述，题干中的a recent survey对应原文中的A recent study，题干中的fail to receive satisfactory feedback是对本段最后一句的概括，故答案为M。
[参考译文]
最好的零售商把线上和线下结合在一起
A．零售利润正在急剧下降。商店关门了。购物中心空空如也。令人沮丧的事件不断出现。阅读来自梅西百货、诺德斯特龙百货和塔吉特百货等大型零售店的盈利报告，就像参观重症监护病房一样令人振奋。互联网显然正在摧毁另一个行业。实体店似乎正在走黄页之路。毫无疑问，统计局刚刚发布的数据显示，2015年第一季度至2016年第一季度，网上零售额猛增15.2%。
B．但是在你抛售所有的零售股票之前，应该考虑到更多的事实。仅仅看到15.2%的“激增”很可能产生误导。这只是基于6.9%这样一个很小的基数之上的增长。一个很小的数字即使以极大的百分比增长，通常仍然很小。
C．互联网向商业开放20多年后，统计局数据显示，2016年第一季度，实体店的销售额点零售额的92.3%。他们的数据显示，从2015年初至2016年间，只有0.8%的零售额从线下转到了线上。
D．因此，尽管有很多关于无人机送货上门的讨论，尽管所有零售业高管都对消费者网上购物表示担忧，甚至一位总统候选人也表示亚马逊存在“巨大的反垄断问题”，但统计数据还是显示，实体零售业正在蓬勃发展。当当然，倒闭的商店、沮丧的高管和不断下跌的股票却表明事实并非如此。真实的情况是什么呢?
E．许多经营实体店的公司都陷入了困境。正如我们在新书Matchmakers中所描述的那样，零售业正在被“重塑”。它正站在熊彼特所说的创造性破坏的风暴中。这场风暴已经酝酿了一段时间，当它达到大风级别时，大多数大型零售商都会寻找对策。正如最近梅西公司的首席财务官所说的：“我们确实是殚精竭虑。”
F．但这并不像专家预测的那样。在互联网泡沫的顶峰时期，实体零售业是互联网即将扼杀的行业之一，而且来势凶猛。网络经济的低迷让人们对大多数此类的预测不再有信心。在随后的几年里，随着统计局数据持续报告线上销售疲软，传统零售商对未来的信心也随之增强。然后这场创造性破坏的风暴来了。
G．愈发明显的是，零售业的革新并不是一场简单的“线上与线下”的生死之战。它涉及为越来越多的使用联网工具的人设计零售模式，以改变他们搜索、购物和购买的方式。有创意的零售商正利用新技术来革新商店里的一切，从库存管理到营销再到盈利模式。
H．与无人机在你家门口投放新的内衣相比，苹果大获成功的线下体验店以及亚马逊在同样的方向迈出的一步步，更应该让老式零售商彻夜难眠。更不用说还有很多像Bonobos这样富有创意的新零售商，他们以创造性的方式将线下和线上购物体验融合在一起。
I．零售业的变革不是一个简单的过程，也不是发生在过去所谓的“互联网时代”。当然，一些由互联网带动的变化发生得很快。克雷格列表网站很快就超越了报纸的分类广告，使报纸经济发生了天翻地覆的变化。但许多人们普遍预期的变化不会很快发生，有些还没有真正开始。事后看来，互联网似乎将以极快的速度来改变经济，类似于其他诸如电力等的伟大发明。例如：B2B商务在．2005年之前并没有像许多人在2000年预测的那样主要在线上进行，甚至到201．6年也未能如此，但这并不意味着未来几十年内也不会发生。
J．但是风暴并未止息。近年来，步行交通量的突然下降是一个重要的警示，尽管这并没有伴随着实体销售的大幅下降。人们可以更为高效地在网上购物，不需要费力跑遍多家商店寻找他们想要的东西。对于购物者而言，实体购物商店过剩，这也是商店缩减规模和关闭的一个原因。
K．最近，手机的兴起也使零售业的变革过程变得更加复杂。就在五年之前，大多数人还面临着这样一个选择：或是坐在家里或办公室的电脑前，搜索、浏览和购物；或是去购物中心或商业街，逛一逛，买一买。现在，几乎每个人都有一部智能手机，几乎可以随时随地连接到互联网。即使零售商能让顾客走进商店，她也能很容易地看到网上或附近的其他商店是否有更划算的商品出售。
L．到目前为止，许多大型零售商应对这一切的措施是开设在线商店，这样人们就会直接来此购物，而不是去亚马逊及其规模较小的在线竞争对手那里。许多商家都有着和报纸业一样的问题。即使他们获得了线上的流量，也很难在线上赚到足够的钱来弥补他们在线下的亏空。
M．有一些似乎正在努力实现这一目标。在大型传统零售商中，沃尔玛最近公布了最佳业绩，导致其股价飙升，而梅西百货、塔吉特百货和诺德斯特龙百货的股价则下跌了。然而，沃尔玛的在线销售额同比年增长仅7%，导致其首席执行官哀叹道：“线上的增长速度太慢了。”部分问题在于，在亚马逊申请一键式购物专利近20年后，线上零售与购物体验之间充满了摩擦。最近，一项研究对600多家互联网零售商进行了评分，以确定消费者购物、购买和支付的便利程度。几乎一半的购物网站没有及格，只有18%的购物网站获得了A或B。
N．实体零售业的混乱局面很难与统计局数据相符。不幸的是，部分原因在于统计局的零售数据不可靠。我们对这些数据及他们的准备工作的深入研究揭示了一些严重的问题。看起来统计局好像只是对众多在线销售进行了错误分类。可以肯定的是，统计程序将沃尔玛等主要传统零售商的在线销售与食品卡车等“非商店零售商”混在一起，可能掩盖了个体零售类的重大变化。统计局本可以轻松地以更有用的方式呈现数据，但他们选择不这样做。
O．尽管市场动荡，但是实体店并不会很快消失。问题的关键在于，哪些大型传统零售商(如果有的话)会在成功转型之后，在未来的十年或二十年后依然活跃，哪些新的玩家会在商业街甚至购物中心开设经营良好的零售店，还有零售类的购买和购物体验将会如何改变。投资者不应放弃实体店。而他们是否应该把赌注押在目前经营零售店的传统玩家身上则就另当别论了。
37、
[解析] 由题干中的Innovative、technologies和create定位到G段最后一句。
同义转述题。G段最后一句提到，有创意的零售商正利用新技术来革新商店里的一切，从库存管理到营销再到盈利模式。题干中的integrate internet technologies是对原文中using the new technologies的同义转述，题干中的create new retail models是对原文中innovate just about everything stores do的同义转述，故答案为G。
38、
[解析] 由题干中的the Census data、stocks和dropping定位到文章D段第一句后半部分和第二句。
同义转述题。定位句提到，尽管统计局的数据显示实体零售业正在蓬勃发展，但其股价却下跌了。题干中的the value of physical retail's stocks has been dropping是对原文中sinking stocks的同义转述，故答案为D。
39、
[解析] 由题中的changes和anticipated定位到文章I段第四句。
同义转述题。定位句提到，但许多人们普遍预期的变化不会很快发生，有些还没有真正开始。题干中的didn't take place as quickly as widely anticipated是对原文中many widely anticipated changes weren't quick的同义转述，故答案为I。
40、
[解析] 由题干中的Statistics和brick and mortarsales定位到文章C段第一句。
同义转述题。定位句提到，统计局数据显示，2016年第一季度，实体店的销售额占零售总额的92.3%。题干中的brick and mortar sales still made up the lion's share of theretail business是对原文中brick and mortar salesaccounted for 92.3 percent of retail sales的同义转述，故答案为C。
41、
[解析] 由题干中的successfully和traditionalretailers定位到H段第一句。
细节归纳题。定位句列举了苹果和亚马逊等将线上销售和线下服务相结合的创新模式，并指出这会让传统零售商彻夜难眠。题干中的Companies that successfully combine online and offlinebusiness models是对定位句中Apple's massivelysuccessful brick-and-mortar-and-glass retail stores and Amazon's small steps inthe same direction的概括归纳，题干中的a big concern fortraditional retailers是对原文中keep old-fashionedretailers awake at night的同义转述，故答案为H。
42、
[解析] 由题干中的the dot.com和burst定位到文章F段第三句。
同义转述题。定位句提到，网络经济的低迷让人们对大多数此类的预测不再有信心。在随后的几年里，随着统计局数据持续报告线上销售疲软，传统零售商对未来的信心也随之增强。题干中的Brick and mortar retailers' faith是对原文中conventional retailer's confidence的同义转述，题干中的the dot.com bubble burst是对原文中The dot.com bust的同义转述，故答案为F。
43、
[解析] 由题干中的Despite和stay for quite some time定位到文章O段第一句。
同义转述题。定位句提到，尽管市场动荡，但是实体店并不会很快消失。题干中的Despite the tremendous challenges是对原文中Despite the turmoil的同义转述，题干中的stay for quite some time是对原文中won't disappear any time soon的同义转述，故答案为O。
44、
[解析] 由题干中的yellow pages定位到文章A段倒数第二句。
同义转述题。定位句提到，实体店似乎正在走黄页之路。题干中的are likely to suffer the same fate as the yellow pages是对原文中seem to be going the way of the yellow pages的同义转述，故答案为A。
45、
[解析] 由题干中的smartphones和complex定位到文章K段第一句。
同义转述题。定位句提到，手机的兴起也使零售业的变革过程变得更加复杂。题干中的The wide use of smartphones是对原文中The rise of the mobile phone的同义转述，题干中的made it more complex是对原文中added a new level of complexity的同义转述，故答案为K。
Section C
Passage One
46、B
[解析] 本文选自2016年10月19日发表在The Guardian(《卫报》)上一篇标题为“Stephen Hawking: AIwill be either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity. ”(《斯蒂芬·霍金：人工智能或许是人类有史以来发生的最好的事，或者是最坏的事》)的文章。
http://www.yfzxmn.cn/newyfB12/tu/1908/yyl/dy/lj1018.E150B9.jpg
由题干中的Stephen Hawking和artificial intelligence定位到首段前半部分。
推理判断题。由定位句可知，霍金认为强大的人工智能的出现或者是“人类有史以来发生的最好的事，或者是最坏的事”，也就是他认为人工智能的发展对人类而言福祸难料，故答案为B“这可能是一种福祉，也可能是一场灾难”。
A“这对人类文明的进步至关重要”是根据第三段最后一句设置的干扰，由原文可知，霍金只是说创造人工智能所取得的成功可能是人类文明史上最大的事件，但并未指出其是否会推动人类文明的进步，故排除；原文中未提及C“它可能会带来挑战和机遇”，故排除；D“这将是人类智慧的一次重大扩展”是对第三段第三句的误解，原文的意思是人工智能可以拓展人类的思维，而并非说人工智能是人类智慧的扩展，故也可排除。
[参考译文]
斯蒂芬·霍金教授警告说，强大的人工智能的出现或者是“人类有史以来发生的最好的事，或者是最坏的事”，并赞扬专门研究智能前景的学术机构的诞生“对我们的文明和人类的未来至关重要”。
霍金在剑桥大学莱弗休姆未来智能中心(LCFI)开幕式上发表了讲话，这所多学科研究机构致力于解决人工智能研究快速发展带来的一些开放式问题。“我们花了大量的时间研究历史，”霍金说，“实事求是地说，我们研究的主要是关于愚昧的历史。因此，人们研究智能的未来，是一个可喜的变化。”
尽管这位世界著名的物理学家通常对人工智能持谨慎态度，引起了人们的担忧，即如果人类创造出一种拥有自身意愿的超级智能，人类很可能是在自取灭亡，但是他也很快强调了人工智能研究带来的积极影响。“创造人工智能的潜在好处是巨大的，”他说。“当人工智能拓展了我们的思维，我们无法预见能够获得怎样的成就。也许借助这场新技术革命，我们能够消除上一次工业化对自然界造成的一些损害。我们力争最终根除疾病和贫困。我们生活的方方面面都将发生变化。简言之，创造人工智能所取得的成功可能是我们文明史上最大的事件。”
该中心的学术主管，剑桥大学伯特兰·罗索哲学教授，也是霍金的同事，胡·普赖斯说，该中心出现的原因部分源于该大学人类生存风险中心的成立。这个机构更加广泛地研究人类面临的潜在问题，而莱弗休姆未来智能中心的研究重点相对集中。
苏塞克斯大学认知科学教授、人工智能先驱玛格丽特·博登称赞了这类讨论的进展。她说，就在不久前的2009年，这个话题甚至在人工智能研究人员中间也没有得到重视。“人工智能是非常令人兴奋的，”她说，“但是它有局限性，如果盲目地使用，会带来严重的威胁。”
并不只是学术界在警告人们人工智能的潜在危险和潜在的利益共存。一些来自科技工业的先驱者，其中最著名的是企业家埃隆·马斯克，也表达了他们对超级人工智能可能会对人类造成损害的担忧。
47、C
[解析] 由题干中的Hawking和creation of the LCFI定位到第二段第一句。
细节辨认题。定位句提到，霍金是在剑桥大学莱弗休姆未来智能中心(LCFI)的开幕式上发表的讲话。而第一段末尾，霍金赞扬专门研究人工智能前景的学术结构的诞生“对我们文明和我们物种的未来至关重要”。这与C“它对人类的命运极其重要”表述的意思相同，故答案为C。
原文中未提及莱弗休姆未来智能中心的成立是否会加速人工智能的发展，以及它是否标志着人工智能产业的进展，故排除A“它将加速人工智能研究的进展”和B“它将标志着人工智能产业向前迈进了一步”；第二段第一句提到，该中心是一个多学科的研究机构，但并未说其创立也是多学科合作的结果，故排除D“它是多学科合作的成果”。
48、A
[解析] 由题干中的Hawking和a welcome change定位到第二段最后两句。
推理判断题。由定位句可知，霍金认为，以往的历史研究，只是了解到人类过去的愚昧，而目前的研究是关注未来的，这是个可喜的变化。可以推知，他认为可喜的变化是研究重心由过去向未来的转变，故答案为A“研究重心从过去转向未来”。
文中未提及B“研究从理论到实践的转变”，故排除；由第三段第一句可知，尽管霍金对人工智能持谨慎的态度，但他还是强调其发展的积极意义，可知C“更强调人工智能的负面影响”与原文相悖，故排除；由第二段最后一句可知，霍金暗示对人类过去的愚昧加以关注是不值得的，所以D“越来越意识到人类过去的愚昧”不是他认为的可喜的变化，故排除。
49、D
[解析] 由题干中的concerns和AI定位到第三段第一句。
细节辨认题。定位句提到，如果人类创造出一种拥有自身意愿的超级智能，那么人类很可能是在自取灭亡，可知这与D“超级智能最终可能会毁灭人类”表述一致，故答案为D。
虽然文章第三段首句提出创造出超越人类智慧的人工智能的可能性，但并未予以确认，故排除A“它迟早会超越人类的智慧”；B“它最终可能会过度拓展人类的思维”是对第三段第三句的曲解，原文只说人工智能拓展了人类的智慧，但并未说是否过度，故排除；定位句指出，超级智能可能会导致人类的毁灭，而非它自身的毁灭，故排除C“超级智能可能会导致其自身的毁灭”。
50、C
[解析] 由题干中的entrepreneurs from the technology industry定位到最后一段最后一句。
推理判断题。定位句指出，来自科技工业的先驱者也表达了他们对超级人工智能可能会对人类造成损害的担忧。而末段首句指出，不只是学术界在担忧，可知关于人工智能，企业界和学术界的担忧是一致的，故答案为C“他们对人工智能的担忧和学术界一样”。
文中没有提及A“他们深受学术界的影响”和D“他们相信他们可以控制人工智能”，故排除；B“他们最有可能从人工智能开发中获益”是根据最后一段首句设置的干扰，原句只说并不只是学术界在关注人工智能的双面效应，并没有指出谁会受益最多，故排除B。
Passage Two
51、B
[解析] 本文选自2016年11月12日发表在www.npr.org(美国国家公共电台官网)上的一篇标题为“For Startups MarketingTo Seniors, A Novel Idea: Move In With Them”(《对于向老年人推销产品的初创公司来说，一个新颖的想法：搬去与他们同住》)的文章。
http://www.yfzxmn.cn/newyfB12/tu/1908/yyl/dy/lj1018.EAEC71.jpg
由题干中的the startups定位到第一段第一句。
细节辨认题。定位句指出，老年人专用产品的市场规模到明年可能会达到300亿美元，初创公司也想加入这一行列。由此可知，他们希望在老年人产品市场中分得一些份额，故答案为B。
文章并没有提及产品升级的问题，且初创公司对老年人专用产品的态度是十分积极的，可知A“他们从不浪费时间为老年人升级产品”与原文相悖，故排除；根据第一段最后一句可知，初创公司是到退体社区展示产品，而不是请老年人去他们公司，故排除C“他们邀请老年人去他们公司试用产品”；文章主要讲了初创公司进驻老年社区以展示他们的产品，并听取居民的意见，D“他们试图向老年人推销数字产品并从中获利”属于过度延伸，故排除。
[参考译文]
老年人专用产品的市场规模到明年可能会达到300亿美元，初创公司也想加入这一行列。有时他们缺乏的就是来自那些他们希望使用其产品的人们的反馈。因此，这个国家最大的退休社区的拥有者布鲁克代尔一直在邀请几位精选的企业家只是来进驻几天，展示他们的产品，并听取居民的意见。
这就是28岁的戴勒·罗德里格兹专程从英国赶到加利福尼亚州托伦斯市布鲁克代尔南湾餐厅的原因。罗德里格兹是一家名为森塔布的公司的社区和市场经理。这家初创公司的产品森塔布电视可以让那些可能不习惯使用电脑的老年人只用电视机和遥控器就可以查收电子邮件、进行视频聊天和访问社交媒体。
罗德里格兹说：“这既不是什么新鲜事儿，也不太复杂，而且很自然，因为很多人都有电视遥控器。”
但这些都不是在布鲁克代尔餐厅的话题。相反，罗德里格兹会征求当地居民的意见，比如他应该在他的芝士汉堡上放些什么，以及他应该如何度过这个下午。打牌和学习打麻将都在议事日程上。
罗德里格兹说，重要的是这里的居民不觉得他在向他们兜售什么东西。“我用被动的方式得到了更多的反馈，”他说，“打台球、打牌、吃正餐、吃午饭，所有的活动都比进行一个问卷调查更好。当他们变得了解我并信任我，确信我不会向他们推销什么的时候，他们会给出更诚实的反馈。”
罗德里格兹是第七位进入布鲁克代尔1,100个老年生活社区之一的企业家。该项目中的其他新产品包括一种全身吹风机和专门设计的让残疾人能够自行穿脱的衣服。
93岁的玛丽·卢·布希同意试用森塔布系统。她告诉罗德里格兹，这可能对某些人有好处，但对她没有。
“我有电脑和视频通话，我在上面和家人聊天，”她解释说。她还有一台iPad和一部智能手机。“所以我需要做的事情几乎都能做。”
公平地说，如果罗德里格兹想要从一些更害怕科技的老年人那里得到反馈，他来布鲁克代尔社区可能就来错了。这个社区位于南加州航空走廊的中心，许多居民都具有工程、商业和学术界的背景。
但是罗德里格兹说，通过进入布鲁克代尔社区，他还是在学习一些重要的东西：“人们比我们想象的更精通技术。”
而且除此以外，他还能在哪里学打麻将呢?
52、C
[解析] 由题干中的entrepreneurs和Brookdale定位到第一段第三句。
细节辨认题。定位句提到，布鲁克代尔一直在邀请几位精选的企业家来进驻几天，展示他们的产品，并听取居民的意见，可见这些企业家来社区的目的包括听取居民对其产品的反馈这一项，故答案为C。
文章没有提及要与潜在客户面谈，故排除A“与潜在客户面谈”；B“对退休社区进行调查”未说明调查的对象和内容，表述太过宽泛，故排除；第一段提到，初创公司想加人生产老年人专用产品的行列，并不单指IT产品，D“向老年人展示如何使用IT产品”属于以偏概全，故排除。
53、D
[解析] 由题干中的SentabTV定位到第二段第三句。
推理判断题。定位句提到，森塔布电视可以让那些可能不习惯使用电脑的老年人只用电视机和遥控器就可以查收电子邮件、进行视频聊天和访问社交媒体。由此可知，这种电视其实并非为看电视节目而设计的，而是一种通信系统，能让人们上网交流，只是其媒介不是电脑，而是电视机，故答案为D。
由上述分析可知，森塔布电视不是传统意义上观看电视节目的电视机，故排除A“这是一个迎合老年人兴趣的电视节目”和C“这是一台专为老年人观看节目而设计的电视”；文中未提及这款电视是否受欢迎，故排除B“这是一台深受老年人欢迎的数字电视”。
54、A
[解析] 由题干中的Rodriguez和important定位到第五段第一句。
推理判断题。定位句指出，罗德里格兹说，重要的是这里的居民不觉得他在向他们兜售什么东西。而该段最后一句说，当他们了解并信任他，确信他不是在推销东西的时候，就会给出更诚实的反馈。由此可知，关键在于取得潜在客户的信任，故答案为A。
文中未提及B“了解顾客的好恶”、C“在现场展示他们的优势”和D“及时响应客户反馈”，故排除。
55、B
[解析] 由题干中的Brookdale community定位到文章倒数第三段第一句。
细节辨认题。定位句提到了布鲁克代尔社区，而随后一句对该社区进行了具体介绍，指出这里位于南加州航空走廊的中心，许多居民都具有工程、商业和学术界的背景。定位句说，如果想要从一些更害怕科技的老年人那里得到反馈，到布鲁克代尔社区可能就错了，可见这些具有科技背景的老人对高科技产品运用自如，故答案为B。
原文未提及A“他们中的大多数人对使用森塔布很感兴趣”、C“他们和其他地方的老年人有很多共同之处”和D“他们中的大多数人比普通人更长寿”，故排除。
Part ⅣTranslation
People in many places of China, which boasts a vast territoryand encompasses a large population, speak their own dialects. Dialects varygreatly in pronunciation but slightly in vocabulary and grammar. Some dialects,especially those from the north and the south, are so different that theirspeakers often have trouble understanding each other. Although dialects areconsidered as an integral part of the local culture, the number of people whocan speak dialects has been undergoing a continuous decrease in recent years.In order to encourage people to speak local dialect more often, some localgovernments have taken measures, such as setting up dialect courses in schooland broadcasting dialect programs on radio and TV, with a hope topreserve the local cultural heritage.
[解析] 1．第一句中，“中国幅员辽阔，人口众多”可以理解为是“很多地方人们都说自己的方言”的原因，因此前后分句可以用表示原因或结果的司 as/so/because/therefore等连接；本句也可以像参考译文一样将“作为一个幅员辽阔，人口众多的国家”处理为非限制性定语从句。
2．第二句中，“发音上差别最大”和“词汇和语法差别较小”是逻辑上的转折关系，因此两个分句用表示转折关系的连词but、while或副词 however连接。“在……方面的差别”用介词in表示；“差别”可以用动词vary或differ表示，也可以将其转化为动词短语have difference；差别上的“大小”可以用形容词big或small、slight表示。
3．第三句的句子主干是“有些方言……差异很大”，造成的结果是“说不同方言的人常常很难听懂彼此的讲话”，因此整句话可以用so...that 句型来翻译；“很难听懂彼此的讲话”可以直译为have difficulty in figuring out what the other is talkingabout，为了使句子简洁，也可将其意译为“很难理解彼此”，即have trouble understanding each other。
4．第四句中，前后两个分句之间为转折关系，因此也可以用转折连词but 或转折副词however连接。“近年来能说方言的人数不断减少”的主干是“人数减少”，“近年来能说方言的”修饰“人数”，故可译为the number of... has continuously decreased/dwindled或译为suffer/undergo/experience a constant decrease/dwindling。
5．第五句中，“为了……”是要达成的目的，可译作状语；句子主干是“政府……采取措施”；“如在学校开设方言课，在广播和电视上播放方言节目”可译作插入语；“以期保存本地的文化遗产”是表达期望的状语，译作介词短语with a hope to或分词短语hoping to/attempting to等都可以。
来源：网络资源，仅供学习交流。