2019年6月大学英语六级真题及答案详解（卷三）
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Part ⅠWriting
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essayon the importance of motivation and methods in learning. You should write atleast 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Part ⅡListening Comprehension
说明：由于2019年6月六级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前两套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
Part ⅢReading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a singleline through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more thanonce.
Steel is valued for its reliability, but not when it gets cold. Most forms of steel 1 become brittle (脆的) at temperatures below about - 25℃ unless they are mixed with other metals. Now, though, a novel type of steel has been developed that resists 2 atmuch lower temperatures, while retaining its strength and toughness—without the need for expensive 3 .
Steel's fragility at low temperatures first became a major concern during the Second World War. After German U-boats torpedoed (用鱼雷攻击) numerous British ships, a 2,700-strong fleet of cheap-and-cheerful "Liberty ships" was introduced to replace the lostvessels, providing a lifeline for the 4 British. But the steelshells of hundreds of the ships 5 in the icy north Atlantic,and 12 broke in half and sank.
Brittleness remains a problem when building steel structuresin cold conditions, such as oil rigs in the Arctic. So scientists have 6 to find a solution bymixing it with expensive metals such as nickel.
Yuuji Kimura and colleagues in Japan tried a more physical 7 . Rather than adding othermetals, they developed a complex mechanical process involving repeated heatingand very severe mechanical deformation, known as tempforming.
The resulting steel appears to achieve a combination of strength and toughness that is 8 to that of modern steels that are very rich in alloy content and, therefore, very expensive.
Kimura's team intends to use its tempformed steel to makeultra-high strength parts, such as bolts. They hope to reduce both the numberof 9 needed in a construction job and their weight—by replacing solid supports with 10 tubes, for example. This could reduce the amount of steel needed to make everything from automobiles to buildings and bridges.
A. abruptly B.Additives C. Approach D. Ardently E. Besieged F. Channel G. Comparable H. Components I. Cracked J. Fractures K. Hollow L. Relevant M. Reshuffled N. Strived O. Violent
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information givenin one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information isderived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2.
The future of personal satellite technology is here—are weready for it?
A. Satellites used to be the exclusive playthings of rich governments and wealthy corporations. But increasingly, as space becomes more democratized, they are coming within reach of ordinary people. Just like drones(无人机) before them,miniature satellites are beginning to fundamentally transform our conceptions of who gets to do what up above our heads.
B. As a recent report from the National Academy of Sciences highlights, these satellites hold tremendous potential for making satellite-based science more accessible than ever before. However, as the costof getting your own satellite in orbit drops sharply, the risks of irresponsible use grow. The question here is no longer "Can we?" but"Should we?" What are the potential downsides of having a slice of space densely populated by equipment built by people not traditionally labeled as "professionals"? And what would the responsible and beneficialdevelopment and use of this technology actually look like? Some of the answers may come from a nonprofit organization that has been building and launching amateur satellites for nearly 50 years.
C. Having your personal satellite launched into orbit might sound like an idea straight out of science fiction. But over the past few decades a unique class of satellites has been created that fits the bill: CubeSats. The "Cube" here simply refers to the satellite's shape. Themost common CubeSat is a 10cm cube, so small that a single CubeSat could easilybe mistaken for a paper weight on your desk. These mini-satellites can fit in alaunch vehicle's formerly "wasted space." Multiples can be deployedin combination for more complex missions than could be achieved by one CubeSat alone.
D. Within their compact bodies these minute satellites areable to house sensors and communications receivers/transmitters that enable operators to study Earth from space, as well as space around Earth. They'reprimarily designed for Low Earth Orbit (LEO)—an easily accessible region ofspace from around 200 to 800 miles above Earth, where human-tended missionslike the Hubble Space Telescope and the International Space Station (ISS) hangout. But they can attain more distant orbits; NASA plans for most of its futureEarth-escaping payloads (to the moon and Mars especially) to carry CubeSats.
E. Because they're so small and light, it costs much less toget a CubSat into Earth's orbit than a traditional communications or GPSsatellite. For instance, a research group here at Arizona State University recentlyclaimed their developmental small CubeSats could cost as little as $3,000 toput in orbit. This decrease in cost allows researchers, hobbyists and even elementary school groups to put simple instruments into LEO or even having them deployed from the ISS.
F. The first CubeSat was created in the early 2000s, as a wayof enabling Stanford graduate students to design, build, test and operate a spacecraft with similar capabilities to the USSR's Sputnik (前苏联的人造卫星). Since then, NASA, the National Reconnaissance Office andeven Boeing have all launched and operated CubeSats. There are more than 130currently in operation. The NASA Educational Launch of Nano Satellite program,which offers free launches for educational groups and science missions, is nowopen to U.S. nonprofit corporations as well. Clearly, satellites are not justfor rocket scientists anymore.
G. The National Academy of Sciences report emphasizes CubeSats' importance in scientific discovery and the training of future space scientists and engineers. Yet it also acknowledges that widespread deployment of LEO CubeSats isn't risk-free. The greatest concern the authors raise isspace debris—pieces of "junk" that orbit the earth, with the potential to cause serious damage if they collide with operational units, including the ISS.
H. Currently, there aren't many CubeSats and they're tracked closely. Yet as LEO opens up to more amateur satellites, they may pose an increasing threat. As the report authors point out, even near-misses might leadto the "creation of a burdensome regulatory framework and affect the future disposition of science CubeSats."
I. CubeSat researchers suggest that now's the time to ponder unexpected and unintended possible consequences of more people than ever having access to their own small slice of space. In an era when you can simply buy a CubeSat kit off the shelf, how can we trust the satellites over our heads weredeveloped with good intentions by people who knew what they were doing? Some"expert amateurs" in the satellite game could provide some inspiration for how to proceed responsibly.
J. In 1969, the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation (AMSAT)was created in order to foster ham radio enthusiasts' (业余无线电爱好者) participation in space research and communication. It continued the efforts, begun in 1961, by Project OSCAR—a U. S.-based group thatbuilt and launched the very first non governmental satellite just four years after Sputnik. As an organization of volunteers, AMSAT was putting"amateur" satellites in orbit decades before the current CubeSatcraze. And over time, its members have learned a thing or two about responsibility. Here, open-source development has been a central principle. Within the organization, AMSAT has a philosophy of open sourcing everything—making technical data on all aspects of their satellites fully available to everyone in the organization, and when possible, the public. According to a member of the team responsible for FOX 1-A, AMSAT's first CubeSat, this means that there's no way to sneak something like explosives oran energy emitter into an amateur satellite when everyone has access to the designs and implementation.
K. However, they're more cautious about sharing information with nonmembers, as the organization guards against others developing theability to hijack and take control of their satellites. This form of"self-governance" is possible within long-standing amateur organizations that, over time, are able to build a sense of responsibility to community members, as well as society in general. But what happens when new players emerge, who don't have deep roots within the existing culture?
L. Hobbyists and students are gaining access to technologies without being part of a long-standing amateur establishment. They're still constrained by funders, launch providers and a series of regulations—all of which rein in what CubeSat developers can and cannot do. But there's a danger they're ill-equipped to think through potential unintended consequences. What these unintended consequences might be is admittedly far from clear. Yet weknow innovators can be remarkably creative with taking technologies in unexpected directions. Think of something as seemingly benign as the cellphone—wehave microfinance and text-based social networking at one end of the spectrum,and improvised (临制作的) explosive devices atthe other.
M. This is where a culture of social responsibility around CubeSats becomes important—not simply to ensure that physical risks are minimized, but to engage with a much larger community in anticipating andmanaging less obvious consequences of the technology. This is not an easy task.Yet the evidence from AMSAT and other areas of technology development suggeststhat responsible amateur communities can and do emerge around noveltechnologies. The challenge here, of course, is ensuring that what an amateurcommunity considers to be responsible, actually is. Here's where there needs tobe a much wider public conversation that extends beyond government agencies andscientific communities to include students, hobbyists, and anyone who maypotentially stand to be affected by the use of CubeSat technology.
11. Given the easier accessibility to space, it is time to think about how to prevent misuse of satellites.
12. A group of mini-satellites can work together to accomplish more complex tasks.
13. The greater accessibility of mini-satellites increases therisks of their irresponsible use.
14. Even school pupils can have their Cube Sats put in orbit owingto the lowered launching cost.
15. AMSAT is careful about sharing information with outsiders toprevent hijacking of their satellites.
16. NASA offers to launch CubeSats free of charge for educational and research purposes.
17. Even with constraints, it is possible for some creative developers to take the Cube Sat technology in directions that result in harmful outcomes.
18. While making significant contributions to space science,Cube Sats may pose hazards to other space vehicles.
19. Mini-satellites enable operators to study Earth from LEO and space around it.
20. AMSAT operates on the principle of having all its technical data accessible to its members, preventing the abuse of amateur satellites.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
When I re-entered the full-time workforce a few years ago aftera decade of solitary self-employment, there was one thing I was looking forward to the most: the opportunity to have work friends once again. It wasn't until Ientered the corporate world that I realized, for me at least, being friends with colleagues didn't emerge as a priority at all. This is surprising when you consider the prevailing emphasis by scholars and trainers and managers on theimportance of cultivating close interpersonal relationships at work. So muchresearch has explored the way in which collegial (同事的) ties can help overcome a range of workplace issues affecting productivity and the quality of work output such as team-based conflict, jealousy, undermining, anger, and more.
Perhaps my expectations of lunches, water-cooler gossip and caring,deep-and-meaningful conversations were a legacy of the last time I was in that kind of office environment. Whereas now, as I near the end of my fourth decade,I realize work can be fully functional and entirely fulfilling without needingto be best mates with the people sitting next to you.
In an academic analysis just published in the profoundly-respected Journal of Management, researchers have looked at theconcept of "indifferent relationships". It's a simple term that encapsulates (概括) the fact that relationships atwork can reasonably be non-intimate, in consequential, unimportant and even, dare I say it, disposable or substitutable.
Indifferent relationships are neither positive nor negative.The limited research conducted thus far indicates they're especially dominant among those who value independence over cooperation, and harmony over confrontation. Indifference is also the preferred option among those who are socially lazy. Maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort. For some of us, too much effort.
As noted above, indifferent relationships may not always bethe most helpful approach in resolving some of the issues that pop up at work. But there are nonetheless several empirically proven benefits. One of those is efficiency. Less time chatting and socializing means more time working and churning (产出).
The other is self-esteem. As human beings, we're primed to compare ourselves to each other in what is an anxiety-inducing phenomenon. Apparently, we look down on acquaintances more so than friends. Since the former is most common among those inclined towards indifferent relationships, their predominance can bolster individuals' sense of self-worth.
Ego aside, a third advantage is that the emotional neutrality of indifferent relationships has been found to enhance critical evaluation, to strengthen one's focus on task resolution, and to gain greater access tovaluable information. None of that might be as fun as after-work socializing but, hey, I'll take it anyway.
21. What did the author realize when he re-entered the corporate world?______
A. Making new friends with his workmates was not as easy ashe had anticipated.
B. Cultivating positive interpersonal relationships helped him expel solitary feelings.
C. Working in the corporate world requires more interpersonal skills than self-employment.
D. Building close relationships with his colleagues was notas important as he had expected.
22. What do we learn from many studies about collegial relationships?______
A. In harmonious relationships have an adverse effect on productivity.
B. Harmonious relationships are what many companies aim tocultivate.
C. Close collegial relationships contribute very little to product quality.
D. Conflicting relationships in the workplace exist almost everywhere.
23. What can be inferred about relationships at work from an academic analysis?______
A. They should be cultivated.
B. They are virtually irrelevant.
C. They are vital to corporate culture.
D. They should be reasonably intimate.
24. What does the author say about people who are socially lazy?______
A. They feel uncomfortable when engaging in social interactions.
B. They often find themselves in confrontation with their colleagues.
C. They are unwilling to make efforts to maintain workplace relationships.
D. They lack basic communication skills in dealing with interpersonal issues.
25. What is one of the benefits of indifferent relationships?______
A. They provide fun at work.
B. They help control emotions.
C. They help resolve differences.
D. They improve work efficiency.
Passage Two
In a few decades, artificial intelligence (AI) will surpass many of the abilities that we believe make us special. This is a grand challenge for our age and it may require an "irrational" response.
One of the most significant pieces of news from the US inearly 2017 was the efforts of Google to make autonomous driving a reality. According to a report, Google's self-driving cars clocked 1,023,330 km, and required human intervention 124 times. That is one intervention about every8,047km of autonomous driving. But even more impressive is the progress in justa single year: human interventions fell from 0.8 times per thousand miles to0.2, a 400% improvement. With such progress, Google's cars will easily surpassmy own driving ability later this year.
Driving once seemed to be a very human skill. But we said that about chess, too. Then a computer beat the human world champion, repeatedly. The board game Go (围棋) took over fromchess as a new test for human thinking in 2016, when a computer beat one of the world's leading professional Go players. With computers conquering what used tobe deeply human tasks, what will it mean in the future to be human? I worry aboutmy six-year-old son. What will his place be in a world where machines beat usin one area after another? He'll never calculate faster, never drive better, oreven fly more safely. Actually, it all comes down to a fairly simple question: What's so special about us? It can't be skills like arithmetic, which machines already excel in. So far, machines have a pretty hard time emulating creativity, arbitrary enough not to be predicted by a computer, and yet more than simple randomness.
Perhaps, if we continue to improve information-processing machines, we'll soon have helpful rational assistants. So we must aim to complement the rationality of the machine, rather than to compete with it. IfI'm right, we should foster a creative spirit because a dose of illogical creativity will complement the rationality of the machine. Unfortunately,however, our education system has not caught up to the approaching reality. Indeed, our schools and universities are structured to mould pupils to bemostly obedient servants of rationality, and to develop outdated skills in interacting with outdated machines. We need to help our children learn how tobest work with smart computers to improve human decision-making. But most ofall we need to keep the long-term perspective in mind: that even if computers will outsmart us, we can still be the most creative. Because if we aren't, wewon't be providing much value in future ecosystems, and that may put inquestion the foundation for our existence.
26. What is the author's greatest concern about the use ofAI?______
A. Computers are performing lots of creative tasks.
B. Many abilities will cease to be unique to human beings.
C. Computers may become more rational than humans.
D. Many human skills are fast becoming outdated.
27. What impresses the author most in the field of AI?______
A. Google's experimental driverless cars require little human intervention.
B. Google's cars have surpassed his driving ability in just a single year.
C. Google has made huge progress in autonomous driving in a short time.
D. Google has become a world leader in the field of autonomous driving.
28. What do we learn from the passage about creativity?______
A. It is rational.
B. It is predictable.
C. It is human specific.
D. It is yet to be emulated by AI.
29. What should schools help children do in the era of AI?______
A. Cultivate original thinking.
B. Learn to work independently.
C. Compete with smart machines.
D. Understand how AI works.
30. How can we humans justify our future existence?______
A. By constantly outsmarting computers.
B. By adopting a long-term perspective.
C. By rationally compromising with AI.
D. By providing value with our creativity.
Part ⅣTranslation
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
成语(Chinese idioms)是汉语中的一种独特的表达方式，大多由四个汉字组成。它们高度简练且形式固定，但通常能形象地表达深刻的含义。成语大多来源于中国古代的文学作品，通常与某些神话、传说或者历史事件有关。如果不知道某个成语的出处，就很难理解其确切含义。因此，学习成语有助于人们更好地理解中国传统文化。成语在日常会话和文学创作中广泛使用。恰当使用成语可以使一个人的语言更具表现力，交流更有效。
答案:
Part ⅠWriting
[范文]
The Importance of Motivation and Methods in Learning
When itcomes to learning, there is a famous Chinese saying, which goes "Learningwithout thinking leads to confusion; thinking without studying results intardiness." Evidently, it is meant to tell us that learning methods are asimportant as hard work. I totally agree with it. Besides, I insist that in additionto diligence and methods, motivation in learning should also be paid attentionto.
As forme, motivation is an indispensable part of learning, for a person won't evenstart the learning process without motivation. After you start studying, youmay easily give up when faced with difficulties without motivation that drivesyou to keep going.
Apartfrom motivation, we also need the right way to learn. Because hard work is notenough in the learning process, we may fall into the dilemma of studyingmechanically if we don't attach importance to learning methods. Instead,equipped with effective learning methods, we will get double the result bydoing half the work.
In brief,motivation and methods are critical to successful learning. Therefore, onlywhen we are clearly aware of this can we form good learning habits and achievesatisfactory effects.
[解析]http://www.yfzxmn.cn/newyfB12/tu/1908/yyl/dy/lj1018.1765C8C.jpg
Part ⅡListening Comprehension
Part ⅢReading Comprehension
Section A
1、
[考点] 副词辨析题。
[解析]http://www.yfzxmn.cn/newyfB12/tu/1908/yyl/dy/lj1018.177A7A9.jpg
空格前面为主语Most forms of steel，空格后面是谓语become brittle，因此空格处需要填入副词来修饰谓语部分。
第一段第一句提到，钢材的价值在于它坚固耐用，但是当天气变冷的时候就不一样了。第二段第一句中的“Steel's fragility at low temperatures”则明确提出了本文的主题，即钢在低温下的易碎性。因此，空格所在句是说大多数的钢在大约零下25℃以下时会 变脆，容易破裂，由此确定副词A. abruptly“突然地”为本题答案。备选副词D. ardently“热烈地；热心地”与此处要表达的意思不符，故可排除。
[参考译文]
钢材的价值在于它坚固耐用，但是当天气变冷的时候就不一样了。除非与其他金属混合，大多数钢在低于大约零下25℃时会突然变脆。然而，现在一种新型钢已经被开发出来，它可以在更低的温度下抵抗断裂，同时保持其强度和韧性——不需要昂贵的添加物。
在第二次世界大战期间，钢在低温下的易碎性首次成为关注的重点。在德国U型潜水艇用鱼雷击沉了许多英国船只之后，一支由2,700艘物美价廉的“自由号船只”组成的强大舰队被派出，取代了这些失踪的船只，为被围困的英国人提供了一条生命线。但数百艘船的钢壳在冰冷的北大西洋中裂开，其中12艘船裂成两半沉入海底。
在寒冷条件下建造钢结构时，如北极的石油钻井平台，钢的易碎性仍然是一个问题。因此，科学家们一直在努力寻找一种解决方案，将其与镍等昂贵金属混合使用。
木村裕二和他在日本的同事尝试了一种更加物理化的处理方法。他们没有添加其他金属，而是开发了一个复杂的机械加工程序，包括反复加热和重度机械变形，被称为热成型。
由此产生的钢看起来兼具强度和韧性，可与现代钢相媲美，但现代钢的合金含量非常丰富，因此也非常昂贵。
木村教授的研究小组打算用这种热成型钢制造超高强度的零件，比如螺栓。例如：他们希望用空心管代替实心支柱，从而减少建筑工程所需的零件数量和重量。这将减少从汽车到建筑和桥梁等一切制造业的钢材需求量。
2、
[考点] 名词辨析题。
[解析] 空格位于that引导的定语从句中，此处that充当从句的主语，空格前的resists是从句的谓语动词。因此，空格处需要填入一个名词，作定语从句中resists的宾语。
上文提到，大多数钢材在大约零下25℃以下时会变脆，因此此处是说一种新型钢已经被研发出来以解决钢在天冷时容易变脆的问题，变脆则容易断裂，由此可以确定名词J. fractures“破裂，断裂”为本题答案。备选的其他名词均与此处要表达的“断裂”或“破裂”意思不符，均可排除。
3、
[考点] 名词辨析题。
[解析] 空格前面是介词for和形容词expensive，因此空格处应填入一个名词。
空格所在分句的意思是，同时保持其强度和韧性——不需要昂贵的______。上文提到除非和其他金属混合，大多数钢材在低于零下25℃时会变得易碎，但是下一句出现了转折，提到有一种新型钢材出现了，即下文第四段第二句出现的不添加其他金属的钢材，所以可以确定名词B. additives“添加物，添加剂”为本题答案。备选的其他名词均与此处要表达的“添加物”意思不符，故可排除。
4、
[考点] 语义推断题。
[解析] 空格前面是定冠词the，后面是名词British，因此空格处需要填入形容词或动词的分词形式来修饰名词British。
本句指出，在德国U型潜水艇用鱼雷击沉了许多英国船只之后，一支强大的舰队被派出，取代了这些失踪的船只，为英国人提供了一条生命线。由此可推断，正是因为英国人遭遇不幸，才会派出这支强大的舰队来解救他们。由此可以确定E. besieged“包围，围困”为本题答案。备选的其他形容词或动词的分词形式中，与此处要表达的“被围困的”或“处于困境中的”意思不符，均可排除。
5、
[考点] 动词辨析题。
[解析] 分析句子结构可知，本句主语为the steel shells of hundreds of the ships，句中缺少谓语，故空格处需要填入一个动词。此处叙述的是过去发生的事情，因此该动词应为过去式形式。
空格所在句的后半句提到，12艘船裂成两半沉没，本句前后两个分句由and连接，说明数百艘船的钢壳在冰冷的北大西洋中也遭遇了类似的事情。由此可以确定动词I. cracked“(使)破裂，(使)裂开”为本题答案。其他备选的动词过去形式均与此处意思不符，故排除。
6、
[考点] 动词辨析题。
[解析] 空格前面是助动词have，空格后面是动词不定式结构，因此空格处应填入动词的过去分词形式，构成现在完成时态，且能与不定式结构搭配使用。
空格所在句的意思是，因此科学家们一直______寻找一种解决方案，将其与镍等昂贵金属混合使用。上文提到，在寒冷条件下建造钢结构时，钢的易脆性一直是一个问题。因此，空格处是在说明科学家们一直在寻找解决钢易脆问题的方案，空格处应填入一个含有“努力”或“致力于”意思的动词。动词N. strived“努力，奋斗”符合语义，故为答案。备选的其他动词的过去分词形式与此处要表达的意思不符，故可排除。
7、
[考点] 名词辨析题。
[解析] 空格前面有不定冠词a和形容词physical，因此空格处应填入可数名词的单数形式，与a more physical一起作tried的宾语。
空格所在句的意思是，木村裕二和他在日本的同事尝试了一种更加物理化的______。下文提到，木村裕二及其同事采用了“反复加热和重度机械变形”来加工钢材，这是一种加工方法，是对上一句话的解释说明，故空格处应填入一个表示“方式，方法”的名词。名词C. approach“方法，方式”符合语义，为本题答案。其他备选的单数可数名词channel“频道；途径”和hollow“浅坑，凹陷处”均与此处语境不符，故排除。
8、
[考点] 形容词辨析题。
[解析] 空格前面是be动词is，后面是介词to，因此空格处需填入一个形容词或动词分词形式，构成系表结构或被动语态，且能与介词to搭配使用。
空格所在句的意思是，由此产生的钢看起来兼具强度和韧性，可与合金含量非常丰富、也非常昂贵的现代钢______。此处是把木村裕二及其同事研发的新型钢材与现代钢材进行比较。空格处所填的词应含有“比较”的意思，故G. comparable“相当的，可相比的”符合语境，且能与介词to构成be comparable to的搭配，意为“比得上……的；可与……比较的”。其他备选形容词均与此处意义不符，故排除。
9、
[考点] 名词辨析题。
[解析] 空格前面是介词of，后面是过去分词结构needed in aconstruction job作后置定语，因此空格处应填入一个名词，作介词of的宾语。结合of前面的number和下文中的their weight可知，此处需要填入的应该是可数名词的复数形式。
空格所在句的意思是，他们希望减少建筑工程所需的______的数量和重量。根据常识可知，建筑工程需要原材料之类的东西，因此空格处所填名词应含有“原材料”或“零件，部件”的意思，由此可以确定本题答案为复数可数名词H. components“零件，组成部分”。其他备选的可数名词复数形式与此处要表达的意思不符，故可排除。
10、
[考点] 形容词辨析题。
[解析] 空格前面是介词with，后面是名词tubes，因此空格处应填入形容词修饰名词tubes，二者共同作介词with的宾语。
空格所在句的意思是，木村教授的研究小组希望用______管代替实心支柱，从而减少建筑工程所需的______数量和重量。根据常识可知，用空心材料代替实心材料可以减轻材料的重量，因此空格处所填形容词应与solid“实心的”对应，含有“空心的”之意，故形容词K. hollow“空心的，中空的”为本题答案。其他备选的形容词与此处要表达的意思不符，故可排除。
Section B
11、
[解析] 本文选自2016年5月26日发表在www.theconversation.com上的一篇标题为“The Future of Personal Satellite Technology Is Here—Are WeReady for It?”(《个人卫星技术的未来就在这里——我们准备好了吗?》)的文章。
http://www.yfzxmn.cn/newyfB12/tu/1908/yyl/dy/lj1018.17CF9C9.jpg
由题干中的the easier accessibility to space和it is time to think about定位到文章I段第一句。
同义转述题。定位句提到，立方体卫星的研究人员表示，有机会进入自己那一小块空间的人数比以往更多，而现在是时候考虑这一切所带来的意想不到的、非预期的后果了。题干中的Given the easier accessibility to space是对定位句中consequences of more people than ever having access to theirown small slice of space的概括归纳，题干中的think about是对定位句中ponder的同义转述，故答案为I。
[参考译文]
个人卫星技术的未来就在这里——我们准备好了吗?
A．卫星曾是富国政府和有钱企业的高级玩具。但随着太空变得越来越大众化，卫星也逐渐成为普通人触手可及的东西。就像它们之前的无人机一样，微型卫星开始从根本上改变我们的观念，即谁开始涉足太空。
B．正如美国国家科学院最近的一份报告所强调的，这些卫星潜力巨大，使卫星科学比以往任何时候都更易于接受。然而，随着将个人卫星送入轨道的成本急剧下降，不负责任地使用卫星的风险也在增加。这里的问题不再是“我们能吗?”而是“我们应该吗?”非传统意义上的“专业人士”制造出来的设备密集分布在太空中，其潜在消极影响是什么?那么，如果真的对这项技术进行了负责且有益的开发和使用，结果会是什么样的?一个非营利组织或许能给我们一些答案，该组织近50年来一直在建造和发射业余卫星。
C．把你的个人卫星发射到轨道上听起来好像是科幻小说的想法。但在过去的几十年里，一类符合该要求的特制卫星已经被创造出来了：立方体卫星。这里的“立方体”只是指这种卫星的形状。最常见的立方体卫星是一个只有10厘米大小的立方体，它如此之小，以至于单颗立方体卫星很容易被误认为是书桌上的一个镇纸。这些微型卫星可以安装在运载火箭曾经的“废弃空间”中。与单颗立方体卫星所能完成的任务相比，多颗卫星可以组合部署起来去执行更复杂的任务。
D．在其紧凑的机体内，这些微型的卫星可以容纳传感器和通信接收器或发射器，使操作人员能够从太空以及地球周围的空间来研究地球。它们主要是为近地轨道设计的——近地轨道是一个容易进入的空间区域，大约位于地球上方200至800英里处。一些需要人类维护的太空任务，像哈勃太空望远镜和国际空间站就在这里运行。但它们也可以到达更远的轨道；美国宇航局计划将其未来飞往太空(尤其是到月球和火星)的大多数远离地球的火箭箭头用于携带立方体卫星。
E．由于立方体卫星体积小且重量轻，将其带入地球轨道的成本远低于传统通信或GPS卫星。例如：亚利桑那州立大学的一个研究小组最近声称，他们正在开发的小型立方体卫星的入轨成本可以低至3,000美元。这种成本的降低使得研究人员、业余爱好者，甚至小学生团体都能够将简单的仪器放入近地轨道，甚至可以从国际空间站部署它们。
F．首颗立方体卫星创制于21世纪初，是为了使斯坦福大学的研究生能够设计、建造、测试和操作与前苏联人造卫星能力相似的航天器。从那时起，美国宇航局、美国国家侦察局甚至波音公司都发射并运行了立方体卫星。目前有130多颗立方体卫星在运行中。美国宇航局的微型卫星教育性发射项目，为教育团体和科学任务提供免费发射，目前也向美国非营利性公司开放。显然，卫星不再只是火箭科学家的专利。
G．这份美国国家科学院的报告强调了立方体卫星在科学发现和未来太空科学家与工程师的培训这两方面的重要性。然而，它也承认，近地轨道立方体卫星的广泛部署并非没有风险。报告的作者们提出的最大担忧是太空碎片垃圾——环绕地球运行的一块块“垃圾”，如果它们与包括国际空间站在内的运行装置相撞，可能会造成严重的损害。
H．目前，并没有很多立方体卫星，而且它们被密切跟踪。然而，随着近地轨道向更多的业余卫星开放，它们可能构成的威胁越来越大。正如报告的作者们所指出的，即使我们能幸免，也可能需要“创建一个烦琐的监管机制，并影响科学立方体卫星的未来部署”。
I．立方体卫星的研究人员表示，有机会进入自己那一小块空间的人数比以往更多，而现在是时候考虑这一切所带来的意想不到的、非预期的后果了。在一个你能够直接购买到成套的立方体卫星装备的时代，我们该如何相信头顶上的卫星是由那些知道自己在做什么的人带着良好的意图开发出来的?这场卫星游戏中的一些“内行的业余爱好者”可以为如何负责任地继续推进提供一些启示。
J．业余无线电卫星组织创建于1969年，旨在培养业余无线电爱好者参与太空研究和交流。它继续开展奥斯卡计划始于1961年的航天活动——奥斯卡计划是一个美国团体，在前苏联人造地球卫星斯普特尼克升空仅四年后，就建造和发射了第一颗非政府卫星。作为一个志愿者组织，在当前立方体卫星热潮出现之前的几十年里，业余无线电卫星组织就在把“业余”卫星送入轨道了。随着时间的推移，其成员也已对责任略知一二。这里的核心原则一直是开源开发。在该组织内，业余无线电卫星组织的理念是开放一切资源——使组织中的每个人都能充分获得他们卫星的各个方面的技术数据，并在可能的情况下向公众开放。据负责业余无线电卫星组织第一颗立方体卫星FOX 1-A的小组成员称，这意味着当每个人都有机会参与设计和实施时，将炸药或能量发射器之类的东西偷偷放入业余卫星里就行不通了。
K．然而，为了防范其他人具备劫持和控制其卫星的能力，在与非成员分享信息时，他们会更加谨慎。这种“自我管理”形式在历史悠久的业余组织中是可能的。随着时间的推移，这些组织能够建立对团体成员以及整个社会的责任感。但是，当对现有文化没有深厚根基的新参与者出现时，又会发生什么呢?
L．业余爱好者和学生获得了技术，而他们并不是来自历史悠久的业余机构。他们仍然受到资助者、发射供应商和一系列法规的限制——所有这些都限制了立方体卫星开发者可以做和不能做的事情。但有一种危险是，他们没有足够的能力去思考潜在的、计划之外的后果。不可否认的是，目前尚不清楚这些意外后果可能是什么。然而，我们知道，创新者可以非常有创造力地将技术带往意想不到的方向。想象一下像手机这样看似无害的东西——一端是小额信贷和文字式的社交网络，另一端却是临时制作的爆炸装置。
M．在这种情况下，围绕立方体卫星而产生的社会责任的文化氛围则变得非常重要——不仅仅是要确保把有形风险降到最低，还要去和更大的团体合作，去预测和管理该项技术更为隐形的后果。这并非一项容易的任务。然而，业余无线电卫星组织和其他技术发展领域的证据表明，有责任心的业余团体能够而且确实出现在了新技术周围。当然，这里的挑战是，要确保一个业余团体认为应该负责的事情实际上是什么。这里需要进行更广泛的公共对话，不限于政府机构和科学界，而应扩展到学生、业余爱好者和任何可能受到立方体卫星技术使用影响的人。
12、
[解析] 由题干中的A group of mini-satellites、work together和more complextasks定位到文章C段最后一句。
同义转述题。定位句提到，与单颗立方体卫星所能完成的任务相比，多颗卫星可以组合部署起来去执行更复杂的任务。题干中的A group of mini-satellites对应定位句中的Multiples，题干中的worktogether是对定位句中be deployed incombination的同义转述，题干中的tasks是定位句中missions的同义词，故答案为C。
13、
[解析] 由题于中的The greater accessibility、increases和the risks oftheir irresponsible use定位到文章B段第一、二句。
同义转述题。定位句提到，这些卫星潜力巨大，使卫星科学比以往任何时候都更易于接受。然而，随着将个人卫星送入轨道的成本急剧下降，不负责任地使用卫星的风险也在增加。由上文可知，第一句中的these satellites是指A段最后一句中的miniature satellites，而题干中的mini-satellites与此对应，题干中的The greater accessibility对应该段第一句中的more accessible，题干中的increases the risks of their irresponsible use是对第二句中the risks of irresponsible use grow的同义转述，故答案为B。
14、
[解析] 由题干中的school pupils、put in orbit和the lowered launching cost定位到文章E段最后一句。
同义转述题。定位句提到，成本的降低使得研究人员、业余爱好者，甚至小学生团体都能够将简单的仪器放入近地轨道，甚至可以从国际空间站部署它们。题干中的school pupils对应定位句中的elementaryschool groups，题干中的put in orbit是对定位句中put...into LEO的同义转述，题干中的owing to the lowered launching cost是对定位句中This decrease in cost allows的同义转述，故答案为E。
15、
[解析] 由题干中的AMSAT和hijacking of their satellites定位到文章K段第一句。
同义转述题。定位句提到，为了防范其他人具备劫持和控制其卫星的能力，在与非成员分享信息时，他们会更加谨慎。由上文可知，定位句的主语they指代上一段中的AMSAT成员。题干中的careful about是对定位句中cautiousabout的同义转述，题干中的outsiders对应定位句中的nonmembers，题干中的prevent对应定位句中的guards against，故答案为K。
16、
[解析] 由题干中的NASA、launch ChbeSats、free of charge和educational定位到文章F段第四句。
同义转述题。定位句提到，美国宇航局的微型卫星教育性发射项目为教育团体和科学任务提供免费发射，目前也向美国非营利性公司开放。题干中的offers to launch...free of charge是对定位句中offers free launches的同义转述，题干中的CubeSats对应定位句中的NanoSatellite，题干中的for educational andresearch purposes对应定位句中的for educational groupsand science missions，故答案为F。
17、
[解析] 由题干中的constraints和take the CubeSattechnology in directions定位到文章L段第二句和第五句。
细节归纳题。定位句提到，他们仍然受到资助者、发射供应商和一系列法规的限制——所有这些都限制了立方体卫星开发者可以做和不能做的事情。然而，我们知道，创新者可以非常有创造力地将技术带往意想不到的方向。题干中的with constraints是对定位句中They're still constrained by funders, launch providers and aseries of regulations—all of which rein in what CubeSat developers can andcannot do的概括归纳，题干中的creative developers对应定位句中的innovators can be remarkably creative，题干中的take the CubeSat technology in directions that result inharmful outcomes对应定位句中的taking technologies inunexpected directions，故答案为L。
18、
[解析] 由题干中的making significant contributions和pose hazards to other space vehicles定位到文章G段第一句和最后一句。
细节归纳题。定位句提到，这份美国国家科学院的报告强调了立方体卫星在科学发现和未来太空科学家与工程师的培训这两方面的重要性。报告的作者们提出的最大担忧是太空碎片垃圾，如果它们与包括国际空间站在内的运行装置相撞，可能会造成严重的损害。题干中的making significant contributions to space science是对定位句中CubeSats' importance in scientific discovery and the trainingof future space scientists and engineers的概括归纳，题干中的pose hazards是对定位句中causeserious damage的同义转述，题干中的space vehicles对应定位句中的operational units，故答案为G。
19、
[解析] 由题干中的enable operators、study Earth和LEO and spacearound it定位到文章D段第一、二句。
细节归纳题。定位句提到，在其紧凑的机体内，这些微型的卫星可以容纳传感器和通信接收器或发射器，使操作人员能够从太空以及地球周围的空间来研究地球。它们主要是为近地轨道设计的。一些需要人类维护的太空任务，像哈勃太空望远镜和国际空间站就在这里运行。由第一句可知，第二句的主语They是指minute satellites，也就是说微型卫星主要是在近地轨道上运行，这使操作人员能够从近地轨道上研究地球。题干中的Mini-satellites对应定位句中的minute satellites，题干中的study Earth from LEO and space around it是对定位句中study Earth from space, as well as space around Earth的归纳概括。故答案为D。
20、
[解析] 由题干中的AMSAT、principle、all its technical data和amateur satellites定位到文章J段最后两句。
细节归纳题。定位句提到，业余无线电卫星组织的理念是开放一切资源——使组织中的每个人都能充分获得他们卫星的各个方面的技术数据，并在可能的情况下向公众开放。这意味着当每个人都有机会参与设计和实施时，将炸药或能量发射器之类的东西偷偷放入业余卫星里就行不通了。题干中的operates on the principle of是对定位句中has a philosophy of的同义转述，题干中的having all its technical data accessible to its members是对定位句中making technical data on all aspects of their satellitesfully available to everyone in the organization的同义转述，题干中的preventing the abuse of amateur satellites是对定位句中there's no way to sneak something like explosives or anenergy emitter into an amateur satellite的概括归纳，故答案为J。
Section C
Passage One
21、D
[解析]本文选自2017年6月8日发表在Sydney Morning Herald(《悉尼先驱晨报》)上的一篇标题为“Friendships at work:'Indifferent relationships' improve efficiency, self-esteem”(《工作中的友谊：“冷漠关系”提升效率与自尊》)的文章。
http://www.yfzxmn.cn/newyfB12/tu/1908/yyl/dy/lj1018.18893A2.jpg
由题干中的re-entered the corporate world定位到首段第二句。
细节辨认题。定位句指出，作者直到进入公司以后才意识到，至少对他来说，与同事交朋友并非头等大事。由此可见，他发现与同事关系密切并不是那么重要，故答案为D。
定位句没有提及与同事交朋友是否容易，也没有提到人际交往的技巧，故排除A“和同事交朋友并不像他预料得那么容易”和C“在公司工作比自营职业更需要人际交往技巧”；作者虽然在首段首句提到自营职业是solitary“单独的，无伴的”，但是并没有说与同事交往是否会驱散孤独感，故排除B“培养积极的人际关系有助于消除他的孤独感”。
[参考译文]
几年前，当我结束了十年孤独的自营职业，重新回归全职大军的时候，我最期待的一件事就是：有机会再次在职场上交到朋友。直到进入公司以后，我才意识到，至少对目前的我来说，与同事交朋友并非首选。想到学者、培训师和管理者普遍强调在工作中培养密切人际关系的重要性，我就感到很惊讶。有很多研究探索了同事关系用何种方式去帮助解决一些职场问题，这类问题包括团队内部的冲突、嫉妒、破坏、愤怒等，它们影响了生产效率和产品质量。
也许我对午餐、饮水机旁的八卦闲谈和嘘寒问暖、推心置腹的谈话的期待是我以前置身于这种办公环境时遗留下来的。然而现在，在我即将步人五十岁的时候，我意识到即使我不努力地成为身边同事的最佳合作伙伴，工作也同样可以保质保量地完成。
在享有盛名的《管理学杂志》上发表的一份学术分析中，研究人员审视了“冷漠关系”的概念。这是一个简单的术语，它概括了这样一个事实；工作上的关系可以无关紧要、无足轻重、不亲密，这些都是合理的。甚至，我敢说，它是一次性的或可替代的。
冷漠关系既不积极也不消极。到目前为止，有限的研究表明，对于那些重视独立而非合作、和谐而非对抗的人，冷漠关系尤其占主导地位。对于那些懒得社交的人而言，冷漠也不失为首选。维持长期关系需要努力。对我们中的一些人来说，尤其费力。
如上所述，在解决工作中出现的一些问题时，冷漠关系可能并不总是最有效的方法。尽管如此，仍有一些经过验证的好处。其中之一就是效率。少花时间聊天和社交意味着有更多的时间工作和做出成绩。
另一个是自尊。作为人类，我们的焦虑来源于总是在相互攀比。显然，相对于朋友，我们更看不起泛泛之交的同事。由于泛泛之交在那些倾向于冷漠关系的人中最为常见，因此他们的优势是可以增强自我价值感的。
撇开自我不谈，第三个好处是，人们发现冷漠关系中中立的情感可以增加评价的客观性，让人们加强对任务完成的关注，并获得更多有价值的信息。这些都不如下班后的社交活动有趣，不过，嘿，我还是会选择它的。
22、A
[解析] 由题干中的studies about collegial relationships定位到第一段最后一句。
推理判断题。定位句提到，有很多研究探索了同事关系用何种方式去帮助解决一些职场问题，这类问题包括团队内部的冲突、嫉妒、破坏、愤怒等，它们影响了生产效率和产品质量。由此可知，不和谐的同事关系会影响生产效率，故答案为A。
从文中可知，作者没有提及公司对发展和谐的同事关系的态度，B“和谐的关系是许多公司的目标”没有依据，故排除；从定位句可知，这些研究认为不和睦的关系会影响生产效率和产品质量，那么和睦的同事关系应该会有利于生产效率和产品质量的提高，C“密切的同事关系对产品质量几乎没有影响”不合语义，故排除；定位句虽然指出职场中存在冲突，但是D“工作场所中，冲突无处不在”属于过度推断，故排除。
23、B
[解析] 由题干中的an academic analysis定位到第三段。
推理判断题。定位句提到了一项学术分析，研究人员审视了“冷漠关系”的概念，认为工作中的关系可以不亲密，可以无关紧要，甚至可以是一次性的或可替代的。换言之，同事关系并不像人们以往普遍认为的那么重要，故答案为B。
从第一段中可知，强调培养和谐的同事关系是以往的研究者、学者和管理者的观点，而非此处提到的学术分析的结论，故排除A“它们应该被加以培养”；根据定位句可知，这项学术分析没有涉及企业文化，故排除C“它们对企业文化至关重要”；定位句指出，冷漠的、不亲密的同事关系完全是合理的，由此可知D“它们应该亲密无间”的表述与原文相悖，故排除。
24、C
[解析] 由题干中的people who are socially lazy定位到第四段最后三句。
细节辨认题。定位句提到，懒得社交的人会喜欢“冷漠关系”，因为维持亲密的职场关系需要付出努力，而这些人会觉得这太过费力，由此可知他们不愿维持职场关系的原因是懒得去做，故答案为C。
由定位句可知，文中并未提到这些懒于社交的人是否在社交活动中感觉不适或缺乏基本的沟通技巧，故排除A“他们在参与社交活动时感到不自在”和D“他们缺乏处理人际关系的基本沟通技巧”；定位句指出，懒得社交的人只是懒得花力气去维持人际关系，并没有提及选项B“他们经常发现自己陷入与同事的冲突之中”，故排除。
25、D
[解析] 由题干中的the benefits of indifferent relationships定位到第五段第一、二句。
推理判断题。在定位句之后，作者具体提到了冷漠关系的三点益处。而第五段最后两句指出，其中的一项益处就是效率，少花时间聊天和社交意味着有更多的时间工作和做出成绩，D项的表述与此相符，故为答案。
文章最后三段谈及“冷漠关系”的益处时，没有提到工作乐趣，也没有提到要解决分歧，故排除A“它们给工作带来乐趣”和C“它们有助于解决分歧”；文章最后一段虽然指出冷漠关系可以让人们在情感上保持中立，但这并不等同于能帮助人们控制情绪，B“它们有助于控制情绪”曲解了原文的意思，故排除。
Passage Two
26、B
[解析] 本文选自2017年5月9日发表在www.bbc.org(英国广播公司官网)上一篇标题为“The Last Things Thatwill Make Us Uniquely Human”(《人类最后的特别之处》)的文章。
http://www.yfzxmn.cn/newyfB12/tu/1908/yyl/dy/lj1018.19077E5.jpg
由题干中的the use of Al定位到第一段第一句。
细节辨认题。定位句指出，在几十年内，人工智能将在许多我们自认为人类特有的能力上实现超越。而随后的第二段最后一句和第三段前两句也以驾驶和下棋为例，说明很多以前被认为是人类专属的能力，现在都被机器超越了，故答案为B。
由后文可知，作者认为具有创造力才是人类的特别之处，可知A“计算机正在执行许多创造性的任务”与原文相悖，故排除；作者在第四段指出机器是理性的，但是这并不是他担忧的，因为机器的理性可以协助人类，故C“计算机可能会变得比人类更理性”不符合原文，应排除；D“许多人类的技能很快就过时了”曲解了原文，虽然机器在很多技能方面超越了人类，但这些技能本身并没有过时，故排除。
[参考译文]
在几十年内，人工智能将在许多我们自认为人类特有的能力上实现超越。这对我们这个时代来说是一个巨大的挑战，可能需要作出“非理性”的回应。
2017年初，美国最重大的新闻之一就是谷歌努力实现了自动驾驶技术。一份报告指出，谷歌的自动驾驶汽车已完成了1,023,330千米的里程，需要人工干预124次，大约每驾驶8,047千米干预一次。但更令人叹为观止的是它在仅仅一年内取得的进步：人类干预从每一千英里0.8次下降到0.2次，改进了400%。有了这些进步，今年下半年，谷歌的汽车将轻而易举地超越我自己的驾驶能力。
驾驶曾经看似是一项人类特有的技能，但我们以前对国际象棋也抱有同样的看法。而后电脑不断地击败人类世界的国际象棋冠军。围棋于2016年取代国际象棋，成为测试人类思维的新方法，同年，一台电脑击败了世界上最好的专业围棋手之一。随着计算机一步步征服了曾经专属于人类的任务，未来对于人类意味着什么?我为我六岁的儿子感到担忧。这样一个慢慢被机器征服的世界，还会有他的立足之地吗?他将永远不会运算得更快，驾驶得更好，飞行得更安全。实际上，这一切都将归结于一个极其简单的问题：我们还有什么特别之处吗?再也不可能是算术了，因为计算机已经在这方面遥遥领先。到目前为止，机器很难模仿人类的创造力，创造力的天马行空让计算机难以企及，而这种天马行空又不是简单的随性而为。
也许，如果继续改进信息处理器，我们很快就会拥有有帮助且理性的助手。因此，我们必须致力于让机器更加理性，而不是与之竞争。如果我没弄错的话，我们应该培养一种创造精神，因为不按常理出牌的创造力将和机器的理性互为补充。然而，不幸的是，我们的教育体系还没做好准备迎接这即将到来的现实。确实，我们的学校和大学在把学生塑造成屈从于理性的人，掌握着落伍的技能，和落伍的机器互动合作。我们需要帮助我们的孩子们学习如何有效地使用智能计算机来改进人类的决策能力。但最重要的是，我们应该把眼光放得长远些：即使计算机比我们聪明，我们仍然是最具创造力的。因为如果我们不能如此，在未来的生态系统中我们存在的价值将会降低，从而可能会给我们存在的根基带来挑战。
27、C
[解析] 由题干中的impresses定位到第二段第四句。
推理判断题。定位句提到，更令人叹为观止的是在仅一年内它取得的进步：人类干预从每一千英里0.8次下降到0.2次，改进了400%。故而，自动驾驶在短时间内取得的巨大进步最令作者印象深刻，故答案为C。
从文章第二段可知，作者并没有对自动驾驶所需人为干预的绝对次数进行评价，故排除A“谷歌的无人驾驶实验车几乎不需要人工干预”；由第二段最后一句可知，目前谷歌自动驾驶车的技能还没有超过作者的驾驶能力，故排除B“谷歌的汽车仅用一年时间就超过了他的驾驶能力”；文章中并没有提及D“谷歌已经成为自主驾驶领域的世界领先者”，故也排除。
28、D
[解析] 由题干中的creativity定位到第三段最后一句。
推理判断题。定位句指出，因为创造力具有随意性，而又不仅仅是简单的随机性，足以让计算机无法预测。因此，到目前为止，机器很难模仿人类的创造力，可以推知，创造力尚未被人工智能模仿，故答案为D。
原文中没有提及A“它是合理的”，故排除；定位句指出，创造力不可预测，因此B“它是可以预测的”与原文相悖，故排除；虽然作者在定位句中表明机器很难模仿人类的创造力，但据此断定它是人类特有的，属于过度推断，故排除C“它是人类特有的”。
29、A
[解析] 由题干中的schools help children do定位到第四段第五、六句。
推理判断题。定位句指出，我们的学校和大学在把学生塑造成屈从于理性的人，掌握着落伍的技能，和落伍的机器互动合作，我们需要帮助我们的孩子们学习如何有效地使用智能计算机来改进人类的决策力，而之前的第三句更是认为，人类应该培养自己的创造性，与机器的理性相互补充。综合这些信息可知，学校应培养孩子的创造力，以更好地使用机器，故答案为A。
文章没有提到人类是否应独立工作，也没有提到孩子们是否该了解人工智能的原理，故排除B“学会独立工作”和D“了解人工智能的工作原理”；第四段第二句明确指出，人类应该做的是与机器的理性相互补充，而不是与之竞争，故排除C“与智能机器竞争”。
30、D
[解析] 由题干中的future existence定位到第四段最后一句。
细节辨认题。定位句指出，如果我们不能如此，在未来的生态系统中，我们存在的价值将会降低，从而可能会给我们存在的根基带来挑战。结合上一句可知，“不能如此”就是如果人类不能保持创造力，换言之，要想体现和证实自身的存在价值，必须要用创造力为未来的生态体系提供价值，故答案为D。
由最后一段倒数第二句可知，在作者看来，人类在聪明程度上未必会超越计算机，故排除A“通过不断超越计算机”；B“通过接受有远见的观点”是利用本段倒数第二句设置的干扰项，作者让大家把眼光放长远一点，要保持创造力，因为这才是体现人类价值的根本所在，接受观点本身并不能体现人类存在的价值，故排除；由前文可知，作者认为，人类与机器的协作方式是以人类的创意去弥补机器的理性，而不是理性地与其妥协，故排除C“通过理性地与人工智能妥协”。
Part ⅣTranslation
Chinese idioms are a unique way ofexpressing ourselves in Chinese, mostly composed of four Chinese characters.Although highly concise and fixed in form，they usually can convey profound meaning vividly. Most idiomsare derived from ancient Chinese literature works and are usually related tosome myths, legends or historical events. It is difficult to understand itsexact meaning without enough knowledge of the origin of an idiom. Therefore,learning idioms helps people better understand Chinese traditional culture.Idioms are widely used in daily conversation and literary creation. Proper useof idioms can make one's language more expressive and communication moreeffective.
[解析] 1．第一句中，“由……组成”可以译作consist of或be composed of。注意consist of是不及物动词词组，没有被动语态，如果使用该短语的话，后半句应该译为mostly consisting of.../which mostly consists of.../and mostof them consist of...。
2．第二句可译为although或though引导的让步状语从句。从句的主语与主句的主语相同，且从句中含有be动词，所以可以把从句的they are省略。这句还可以译为They are highly concise and fixed in form, but they usuallycan convey profound meaning vividly.
3．翻译第三句时，“来源于”可译为come from、originate from或be derived from。“与……有关”可译作be related to或be connected with；“历史事件”可译作historical events。
4．第四句的前半个分句可以翻译成without引导的介词词组，也可以翻译成if引导的条件状语从句。因此，前半句还可译为If you don't know/are insensible/have no knowledge of theorigin of an idiom。“理解其确切含义”译为understand/catch/get itsexact/precise meaning。
5．第五句中的“学习汉语”译作动名词结构learning idioms；“更好地理解中国文化”可以译为better understand traditional Chinese culture或have a better understanding of traditional Chinese culture。
6．第六句的主干为“成语广泛使用”。句中暗含被动含义，因此整句要用被动语态表达。“在……中(被)广泛使用”译为be extensively/widely used in...。
7．翻译最后一句时，“恰当使用”可译为used properly/proper use；“恰当使用成语”可以翻译为动名词结构using idioms properly，也可以翻译为名词词组proper use of idioms。
来源：网络资源，仅供学习交流。