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每日一句 | 美国的选举制度
2019年第76篇长难句
《美国的选举制度》
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Electoral system
美国的选举制度
Part 5原文
Over the years, the U.S has made a number of election reforms. Some early reforms outlawed cheating, giving bribes and threatening voters. They also limited the amount of money candidates could receive from donors and spend on their campaigns. In 1870, black people gained the right to vote, and in 1920, that right was extended to women. In recent decades, laws against unfair rules for voting have been passed. No longer do people have to pay a special tax or pass a test in order to vote. In 1971, the voting age was lowered to 18. Other reforms made voting easier for the blind, the disabled and people who couldn't read. In some areas, ballotshad to be printed in languages besides English.
Part 5翻译
多年来，美国在选举方面做了一些改革。早期有些改革禁止作弊、收受贿赂或威胁选民。他们也限制候选人从捐赠者那儿获得的及花在竞选宣传上的费用数额。一八七○年，黑人获得选举权。一九二○年，权利延伸至妇女。近几十年来，通过了反对不公平选举规则的法律。人们不再需要付特殊的税或通过测验才能选举。一九七一年，投票的年龄降至十八岁。其它的改革减轻了盲人、残障者及文盲投票的困难。在某些地区，选票上面除了英文以外，还必须印上别的文字。
长难句解析
They also limited the amount of money (a) //candidates could receive from donors and spend on their campaigns. (b)
【结构解说】
本句的主干为a部分。b部分为省略了that的定语从句修饰限定前面的名词词组the amount of money，在这个部分中receive和spend并列。
b部分Donor表示“捐赠者；捐赠机构”，比如“She is one of the charity's main donors.”（她是这一慈善机构的主要捐赠者之一。）其对应的动词donate（捐献）也是常见词。
【语义】
他们也限制（a）//候选人从捐赠者那儿获得的及花在竞选宣传上的（b）//费用数额。（a）
（翻译该句的时候，将定语从句b部分前置到所修饰词“费用数额”之前，其他部分从头到尾按照顺序翻译即可。）
2019长难句
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