大坝与水库的区别 ｜双语介绍
大坝与水库的区别
Difference between Dam and Reservoir
Dams and reservoir both are created to control the flow of a river and to store water for irrigation and other purposes. People often confuse a dam with a reservoir as they share some features. Although both are closely related to each other, they are different from each other. Let us see how a dam differs from a reservoir!
建造水坝和水库目的是控制河流、储存水资源以用于灌溉和一些其他目的。人们常常将水坝与水库混淆，因为它们具有一些共同的特征。二者在很多方面密切相关，在很多方面又彼此不同。让我们看看大坝与水库的区别！
Dam:（大坝）
A Dam is a barrier that is built across a river, stream or estuary to hold back or retain the water. It is made from a variety of materials like steel, rock, and wood. It is primarily used to manage, save and use the water for specific purposes like electricity generation.
大坝是跨越河流而建或建在河口的挡水建筑物，用于挡水或存水。它由各种材料建成，如钢材、混凝土和木材。它主要用于水的储存和调度，需要时用于特定目的，如发电、灌溉。
Advantages of Dam:
It controls the flow of a river.
It helps build a reservoir.
It stores water for irrigation.
It helps generate electricity from water.
It protects the surrounding areas from flooding.
It creates artificial lakes for swimming, water sports, boating, etc.
大坝的优点：
控制水流动
为建造水库提高条件
储存灌溉用水
利用上下游落差发电
保护周围区域免受洪水侵袭
创造适合游泳，水上运动，划船等的人工湖
Types of Dam: By structure, a dam can be of four types:
Gravity Dam
Arch Dam
Buttress Dam
Embankment Dam
大坝类型：根据结构，大坝分四种类型：
重力坝
拱坝
支墩坝
土石坝
Famous Dams in the World:
Some of the dams in the world that serve as giant barriers to many rivers are as follows:
Three Gorges Dam
Robert-Bourassa Dam in Canada
Tehri Dam in India
Guri Dam in Venezuela
Kariba Dam in Zimbabwe
Bratsk Dam in Russia
世界著名大坝：
世界上一些阻断河流的大型挡水建筑物：
三峡大坝
加拿大罗伯特 - 布拉萨大坝
罗伯特 - 布拉萨大坝深达地下140米，是世界上最大的地下发电站，大坝的核心部分是一个独特的“巨人梯”，每一阶梯都有两个橄榄球场大，大坝利用巨人梯水流改变方向掉头向下。
印度特里坝
委内瑞拉古里坝
津巴布韦卡里巴大坝
俄罗斯布拉茨克水坝
布拉茨克水坝位于俄罗斯伊尔库茨克州、安加拉河上。最大坝高125m，坝顶长1430m，坝底宽82.5m。
Reservoir:（水库）
It is an open-air large water body that looks like an artificial lake or a water reservoir. It is generally formed by building a dam or wall across a river or a broad valley. However, it can also be created by surrounding a piece of land with dikes and then diverting a part of the river flow into that land.
水库是露天的大型水体，看起来像一个人工湖。通常是在河流上筑坝拦截河水或在宽阔的山谷中建一道挡水墙而形成的。也可以通过在一块土地上筑堤引水形成水库。
The water stored in a reservoir can be used for multiple purposes like irrigation, hydropower, consumption and domestic use. It is fed by precipitation, rainwater runoff and from the flow of a river.
水库中的水可用于多种用途，如灌溉，水力发电，给生产生活供水。水库的补给来源有降水，雨水径流和河流来水。
Types of Reservoirs:
Reservoirs can be of two types:
Valley-dammed reservoir: It is created in valleys where mountainsides are used as the walls of the reservoir, and a dam or artificial wall is built to hold the water.
Service reservoir: It is a large container that holds clean water. The polluted or contaminated water, which has been treated in a water plant, is stored in a service reservoir before it is supplied to end users.
水库类型：
水库可以有两种类型：
山谷堰塞水库：建造在山谷中，山坡和人工筑坝或墙来挡水。
岸边水库：把河流中的水引到天然形成的水库中。
还一直水库修建在地下，通过修建地下截水墙以截蓄地下水或潜流，或是地下砂砾石孔隙、岩石裂隙或溶洞所形成的，以含水层为调蓄空间，有确定范围的贮水空间。称为地下水库。↓（点击图片查看详情）
Based on the above information some of the key differences between dam and reservoir are as follows:
根据以上信息，大坝与水库之间的一些主要差异如下：