引言该怎么写？

在学术论文中，引言的地位十分重要。对于大多数文章而言，引言内容都存在着一定套路，大多论文的引言都包含了以下方面的内容：

establish the context, background and/or importance of the topic

indicate an issue, problem, or controversy in the field of study

define the topic or key terms

state the purpose of the essay/writing

provide an overview of the coverage and/or structure of the writing

引言可以较为简单的告诉读者文章的主题，研究内容的重要性以及研究的主要框架。相比于论文的其他板块，引言的内容相对较少，有着小而精的的特点，这也需要作者拥有强大的语言组织能力来告诉读者自己的研究目的和意义。

通常情况下引言所概括的要素有以下几点：

establishing the context, background and/or importance of the topic

giving a brief synopsis of the relevant literature

indicating a problem, controversy or a knowledge gap in the field of study

establishing the desirability of the research

listing the research questions or hypotheses

providing a synopsis of the research method(s)

explaining the significance or value of the study

defining certain key terms

providing an overview of the dissertation or report structure

explaining reasons for the writer’s personal interest in the topic

需要说明的是，这些要素可能存在着部分内容重复的情况，科技论文并不是一成不变的，因此在文章中的这些要素的顺序和使用方式并不固定。由John Swales提出的著名的CARS模型（create a research space）十分的经典，他以生态学的比喻来描述引言所需的至少三大要点。

Establishing the territory (establishing importance of the topic, reviewing previous work)

Identifying a niche (indicating a gap in knowledge)

Occupying the niche (listing purpose of new research, listing questions, stating value,xindicating structure of writing)

END

建材研究生学社

有知识/有看点