思政课 | 春节年年有，习俗日日新【中英双语版】
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春节年年有，习俗日日新 | Traditional customs in the initial week
Before having the annual reunion dinner, stuffing dumplings with money, watching CCTV New Year's Gala to usher the Year of the Pig, what traditional Spring Festival customs have been followed to promise a rich and blissful year?
除夕要吃热气腾腾的年夜饭，抢包着硬币的发财饺，守着春节联欢晚会迎接猪年的到来。但你知道又有什么传统习俗寓意着财运青睐，幸福吉祥的一年呢？
According to Chinese folklore, the first seven days of the 1st lunar month are respectively called "day of chicken", "day of dog", "day of pig", "day of sheep", "day of cow", "day of horse" and "day of man". When creating all living beings on earth, Nyu Wa, a goddess in Chinese mythology, created the six creatures before human beings. Now let's see how customs are different from day to day.
根据中国民间传说，农历第一个月的头七天分别是鸡日、狗日、猪日、羊日、牛日、马日、人日。中国上古神话的创世女神女娲在创造地球上的生物时，先造出六畜，后造人。那么，这七天的习俗是如何日日新的呢？
New Year's Day
新 年
The first day of Chinese New Year, also known as the day of chicken, officially begins at midnight.
农历大年初一，又称鸡日，在午夜正式开始。
It is a traditional practice to light fireworks and firecrackers and to make as much of a din as possible to chase off the evil spirits as encapsulated by Nian of which the term Guo Nian was derived.
根据传统，燃放烟花爆竹，噼里啪啦声震响天宇，以此驱赶年兽，规避伤害。“过年”一词由此而来。
Most importantly, the first day of Chinese New Year is a time to honor elders. Families visit the oldest and most senior members of their extended families, usually their parents, grandparents and great-grandparents.
大年初一的重要习俗是为长者拜贺新年。晚辈向家庭或者大家庭中的长辈拜年，通常是父母，祖父母和曾祖父母。
Senior members of the family hand out red envelopes containing cash (ya sui qian), a form of blessing and to suppress aging and the challenges of the coming year, to junior members of the family, mostly children and teenagers.
家庭里的长辈受拜以后，应给家庭里的小孩和少年等晚辈发压岁钱，寓意着吉祥压祟（岁），希望孩子平平安安度过一年。
Some consider lighting fires and using knives to be bad luck on New Year's Day, so all food to be consumed is cooked the days before. On this day, it's also not auspicious to use the broom, as good fortune is not to be swept away symbolically.
大年初一忌生火做饭，使用刀具，所有的食物都是在几天之前做好的。这一天也不能动用扫帚，否则会扫走运气、破财。
The beginning of the year
开 年
The second day, also known as the beginning of the year (Kai Nian), is when married daughters usually go back with their husband and children to their own family to visit parents, relatives and close friends. Traditionally, married daughters didn't have the opportunity to visit their birth families frequently.
大年初二，又称开年，是嫁出去的女儿带着丈夫、儿女回娘家，向父母、亲戚朋友们拜年的日子。古时出嫁的女儿并不能频繁回娘家。
Specific traditions vary from place-to-place in China, but usually, they bring gifts and red envelopes for the children in their family's home. Daughters and sons-in-law will typically have lunch in their parents' homes.
尽管各地风俗各有不同，但回娘家时，通常会带着伴手礼，给家里的孩子发红包。女儿和女婿会在父母家里吃午餐。
Some believe the second day is also the birthday of all dogs and remember them with special treats.
有人认为年初二也是所有狗狗的生日，人们会通过特殊款待来纪念它们。
Day of pig
猪 日
On the third day, an old saying goes, "A fat pig at the door", meaning the arrival of good luck and happiness.
年初三常说“肥猪拱门”，象征着好运和幸福的到来。
Traditionally, the third day is known as Chigou's Day. Chigouliterally means red dog, an epithet of the God of Blazing Wrath, and it is considered an ominous day to have guests or go visiting. Other traditions, such as cleaning the house, making a fire, having arguments, drawing water and so on, are regarded as taboos, too.
年初三又称赤狗日。赤狗，字面意为红色的狗，是熛怒之神。这一天不宜宴请宾客或外出拜年。打扫屋子、生火做饭、发生争执、挑水打水等都认为是习俗禁忌。
With the progress of time, however, fewer and fewer people believe in such superstitions. More and more people just take this day as a normal holiday to have fun with their families.
然而，随着时代的发展，人们越来越不相信封建迷信，照旧和家人们一起享受节日。
Folklore says the 3rd day is also rat marriage day (lao shu qu qin), so people often go to bed earlier to give rats time for their wedding.
民间亦传初三晚上是老鼠娶亲的日子，所以一般人家都早早熄灯睡觉，以免扰乱了鼠辈。
Day of sheep
羊 日
The old saying "three rams bring bliss" is connected with the fourth day, which says that by making a good beginning a happy end comes.
年初四常说“三羊开泰”，称颂岁首，寓意吉祥。
The fourth day, on the other hand, is considered an auspicious day to welcome the Kitchen God, the God of Fortune, and other gods as they return from heaven to earth.
另一方面，年初四是迎接灶神、财神和其他众神回民间的吉日。
Families burn incense and light candles to welcome the gods. Families also prepare fruits, alcohol, and fish, chicken, and pork for their meals on this day.
家家户户会焚香点烛，并准备水果、酒、鱼、鸡、猪肉等贡品来迎接众神。
Day of cow
牛 日
The fifth day, called the day of cow, is also commonly known as the Festival of Po Wu.
年初五是牛日，俗称破五节。
According to custom, it is believed that many New Year taboos can be broken on this day. This day is also the God of Fortune's birthday and people will celebrate this day with a large banquet.
中国民俗一说破五前的诸多禁忌过此日皆可破。这一天也是财神爷的生日，人们会大摆宴席，为财神庆生。
The banquet will last all night, and people will keep their doors and/or windows open as welcoming gesture towards the God of Fortune. They also let off firecrackers in an attempt to attract the attention of the God of Fortune, thus ensuring his favor and good fortune for themselves and their families year ahead.
宴席往往吃到天亮。人们会打开大门和窗户，向财神表示欢迎。燃放烟花爆竹，以引起财神的注意，愿财神爷能把金银财宝带到家里，在来年大富大贵。
Day of horse
马 日
On the sixth day, people make wishes for ma dao cheng gong, meaning to win success immediately upon arrival.
大年初六，马到成功，寓意事情顺利，刚开始就取得成功。
According to tradition, families usually send away the Ghost of Poverty on this day by throwing away their ragged clothes, the garbage stored up during the festival and other dirty things.
初六有送穷鬼的风俗，会丢弃破烂衣衫，清理节日前几天的垃圾和其它污秽杂物。
By doing this Chinese people wish to drive away poverty in the past and welcome a beautiful and prosperous new year.
这一风俗寄托了人们希望送走旧日贫苦穷困，迎接新一年美满幸福的传统心理。
Day of man
人 日
The seventh day is commonly referred as the day of man, a day when all common men are growing a year older and the day is celebrated with certain foods according to the origin of the people. In most parts of China people will eat noodles as they symbolize longevity in Chinese culture.
大年初七为人日。这一天每个人都长了一岁，并且不同地区的人们会吃不同的食物来庆祝。在中国大部分地区，有吃面条的习俗，是中国文化中长寿的象征。
People in some regions eat Qi Bao Geng, a thick soup with seven kinds of vegetable, on this day to ward off misfortune and disease.
在一些地区，人们也食用七种蔬菜做成的七宝羹，以除去邪气，医治百病。
In some rural places of Shandong province, people make torches with straw, light them and send them out of the village, to express their wish that there will no fire-related disasters in the year ahead.
在山东部分地区，有送火把的习俗。用作物秸秆绑扎的火把，在自家门前点燃，一直送到村外，祈求在新的一年里不着火灾。
We can see that although we celebrate Spring Festival every year, traditions vary from one day to another in the first week of the new year. We hope that by following all these traditional customs, we could have a prosperous year with everything going well.
春节年年有，习俗日日新。希望在这些习俗的庇佑下，来年都万事顺意，红红火火！
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