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Introduction
为进一步发挥中国翻译协会作用，做好重要政治词汇对外译介的统一化、规范化。中国外文局、中国翻译协会对外传播翻译委员会依托现有研讨机制，于2019年5月24日召开了重要政治词汇研讨会，会议对一些重点、难点词汇热烈讨论，对27项重难点词汇达成一致意见，现将研讨成果公开发布，以供其他外宣单位、业界同仁、及广大英语学习者参考借鉴。
1. “我将无我，不负人民。”
I will work selflessly and live up to the expectations of the people.
I will fully commit to my people and never fail the people.
I am ready toset aside my own interests in service of the people.
I will never seek my own good and never fail the people.
2. 共有产权住房
homes with shared ownership
3. 新媒体new media
融媒体integrated media
多媒体multimedia
全媒体omnimedia
4. 精准扶贫
targeted poverty alleviation
5. 打赢蓝天保卫战
to make our skies blue again
fight to keep our skies blue / fight for blue skies
6. 党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国
The Partyas leaders, the people as masters, and law-based governance
7. 中国特色大国外交
pursue diplomacy with our own characteristics as a major country
8. 民族地区
ethnic minority areas
9. 形式主义
the practice of formalities for formalities' sake
根据语境，也可用: going through the motions
10. 决不能“新官不理旧账”
New officials must continue to meet the commitment undertaken by their predecessors.
11. 决不允许搞选择性执法、任性执法
Selective and arbitrary law enforcement is unacceptable.
12. 简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革 [“放、管、服”改革]
streamline the government, delegate power, and improve government services
13. 三是深化供给侧结构性改革，实体经济活力不断释放。加大“破、立、降”力度。
Third, we continued/boosted/bolstered supply-side structural reform and steadily unleashed the dynamism of the real economy. We strengthened work to cut ineffective supply, foster new growth drivers, and reduce costs.
14. 新型城镇化
a new model/type of urbanization
同一篇文章里重复出现时，可简化为：new urbanization
15. 平安中国
a safe and secure China
16. 经济外交、人文交流成果丰硕。
Our economic diplomacy and cultural and people-to-people exchanges yielded rich fruit.
17. 我国经济发展在高基数上总体平稳、稳中有进
Against a large base, the Chinese economy has achieved generally stable growth while making further progress.
18. 着力稳就业、稳金融、稳外贸、稳外资、稳投资、稳预期
maintain stability in employment, financial operations, foreign trade, foreign investment, domestic investment, and expectations.
19. 大众创业万众创新
widespread entrepreneurship and innovation
20. 文化惠民工程
cultural programs in the public interest
21. 红色资源
sites and heritage related to the CPC
22. 深度贫困地区
severely impoverished areas
areas of extreme poverty
23. 高质量发展
quality development
24. 高水平开放
raise/drive opening up to a higher level
25. 这次减税，着眼“放水养鱼”、增强发展后劲并考虑财政可持续。
These tax cuts aim at accommodating the interests of companies.
26. 开展项目经费使用“包干制”改革试点。
test alump-sum project-funding scheme
test alump-sum funding scheme for projects
27. 健全激励约束机制和尽职免责机制，营造干部愿干事、敢干事、能干成事的环境。
We will improve the mechanisms for offering incentives, imposing constrains, and ensure no one who has fulfilled their duties will beheld liable for anything beyond their control. We should create an atmosphere in which officials are eager to try, unafraid to fail, and able to deliver.
来源：中国翻译研究院
领全部Word格式
中央文献重要术语译文发布（2015年第一期）
“四个全面”战略布局
【释义】全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党。
Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy
The Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy is to make comprehensive moves to:
1) finish building a moderately prosperous society;
2) deepen reform;
3) advance the law-based governance of China; and
4) strengthen Party self-discipline.
“两个一百年”奋斗目标
【释义】在中国共产党成立一百年时全面建成小康社会，在新中国成立一百年时建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家。
Two Centenary Goals
The Two Centenary Goals are: to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the Communist Party of China celebrates its centenary in 2021; and to turn China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the time the People’s Republic of China celebrates its centenary in 2049.
三期叠加
simultaneously deal with the slowdown in economic growth, make difficult structural adjustments, and absorb the effects of previous economic stimulus policies
双目标
【例】保持中高速增长和迈向中高端水平双目标。
dual objectives
We must focus on achieving the dual objectives of maintaining a medium-high rate of growth and moving toward a medium-high level of development.
双引擎
【例】打造大众创业、万众创新和增加公共产品、公共服务双引擎。
twin engines
We need to develop twin engines – popular entrepreneurship and innovation, and greater supplies of public goods and services – to drive development.
新常态
【例】经济发展进入新常态，精神面貌要有新状态。
new normal
China’s economic development has entered a new normal, meaning we must adopt a new mindset.
高压态势
【例】始终保持反腐高压态势，对腐败分子零容忍、严查处。
tough stance
Our tough stance on corruption is here to stay; our tolerance for corruption is zero, and anyone guilty of corruption will be dealt with severely.
硬骨头
【例】啃了不少硬骨头
tough issue
We tackled many tough issues.
拦路虎
【例】体制机制弊端和结构性矛盾是“拦路虎”。
tiger in the road
Institutional and structural problems have become “tigers in the road” holding up development.
扶上马、送一程
【例】中小微企业大有可为，要扶上马、送一程。
give (sb) a leg up to get (sb) going
Medium, small, and micro businesses can accomplish great things. We need to give them a leg up to get them going.
创客
【例】众多“创客” 脱颖而出。
maker
We have seen great numbers of makers giving expression to their talents.
众创空间
【例】发展众创空间
maker space
develop maker spaces
中国制造2025
Made in China 2025 strategy
“互联网+”行动计划
Internet Plus Action Plan
普惠金融
inclusive finance
税收法定原则
principle of law-based taxation
保持战略定力
maintain strategic focus
经济行稳致远
maintain sustainable economic growth
强农惠农富农
strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and raise rural living standards
健康稳定的大国关系框架
a sound and stable framework for major-country relations
为公平竞争搭好舞台
level the playing field for fair competition
织密织牢民生保障网
develop a tightly woven and sturdy safety net
让更多的金融活水流向实体经济
allow more financial resources to be channeled into the real economy
从制造大国转向制造强国
transform China from a manufacturer of quantity to one of quality
加强国际传播能力建设
improve our ability to communicate effectively with international audiences
结构性减税和普遍性降费
make structural tax reductions and cut fees across the board
精准扶贫、精准脱贫
take targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty
以释放市场活力对冲经济下行压力
invigorate the market to offset downward economic pressure
保基本、兜底线、建机制
build up a basic safety net, ensure there is a cushion in place for those most in need, and make due institutional arrangements
有权不可任性
Power is not to be used arbitrarily.
中央文献重要术语译文发布（2015年第二期）
社会主义法治国家
socialist rule of law country;
socialist country built on the rule of law
建设法治中国
build a rule of law China
依法治国
law-based governance of the country
依法执政
law-based exercise of state power
依法行政
law-based administration of government
依宪治国
governance of the country on the basis of its constitution
宪法日
Constitution Day
法律是治国之重器，良法是善治之前提
The law is of great value in the governance of a country, and good laws are a prerequisite for good governance.
法治体系
rule of law system
于法有据
【例】重大改革于法有据
have a legal basis
All of our major reforms should have a legal basis.
法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体建设
a holistic approach to strengthening the rule of law in the country, in its government, and in society
有法可依，有法必依，执法必严，违法必究
ensure that laws are put in place, observed, and strictly enforced and that anyone who violates the law is held to account
科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法
take a well-conceived approach to law-making, and ensure that law is strictly enforced, justice is administered impartially, and the law is observed by all
职能科学、权责法定、执法严明、公开公正、廉洁高效、守法诚信的法治政府
a rule of law government which has well-conceived functions and statutorily defined powers and responsibilities; which strictly enforces the law and is impartial; and which operates in an open, clean, and efficient way, with strong credibility
执法责任制
accountability system for law enforcement
人民陪审员制度
system of people’s assessors
重大决策终身责任追究制度
system of lifelong accountability for major decisions
重大决策责任倒查机制
mechanism for retroactive investigation into accountability for major decisions
政府权力清单
list of government powers
依法治国和以德治国相结合
combine the rule of law with the rule of virtue
天下之事，不难于立法，而难于法之必行
In the governance of a country, it is the enforcement, not the enactment, of law that presents the greatest challenge.
法立，有犯而必施；令出，唯行而不返
Once enacted, a law must be enforced and anyone who violates it must be held to account.
中央文献重要术语译文发布（2015年第三期）
创新政府、廉洁政府和服务型政府
an innovative, clean, and service-oriented government
政府机构改革
government institutional reform
转变政府职能
transform government functions
简政放权、放管结合
streamline government functions and administration and delegate powers while improving regulation
用政府权力的“减法”，换取市场活力的“乘法”
cut government powers to boost market vitality
法定职责必须为、法无授权不可为
Government must carry out all statutory functions and duties and may not do anything not authorized by law.
政府责任清单
list of government responsibilities
市场准入负面清单
market access negative list
行政审批
government review and approval
简化对外投资审批程序
simplify procedures for reviewing outbound investment
实施大部门制
merge and streamline government departments
商事制度改革
reform of the business system
三证合一
integrate the business license, the organization code certificate, and the certificate of taxation registration into one document
基本公共服务均等化
ensure equitable access to basic public services
中央文献重要术语译文发布（2015年第四期）
中国人民抗日战争
（简称：抗日战争、抗战）
the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (the War of Resistance)
抗日民族统一战线
Chinese united front against Japanese aggression
全面全民族抗战
total resistance against Japanese aggression by the whole nation
片面抗战
partial resistance against Japanese aggression
全国抗战
nationwide war of resistance against Japanese aggression
局部抗战
regional war of resistance against Japanese aggression
正面战场
center stage battlefield
敌后战场
backstage battlefield
战略防御/相持/反攻
strategic defense/stalemate/counter-offensive
世界反法西斯战争
the Global War against Fascism
国际反法西斯统一战线
the international anti-fascist united front
战争策源地
hotbed of war
中国战场
China theater
欧洲战场
European theater
太平洋战场
Pacific theater
东方主战场
【例】中国开辟了世界反法西斯战争的东方主战场。
the main Eastern battlefield
The main Eastern battlefield for the Global War against Fascism was developed in China.
无条件投降
unconditional surrender
中国人民抗日战争胜利纪念日
Victory Memorial Day for the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (VM Day)
中央文献重要术语译文发布（2015年第五期）
九一八事变
September 18th Incident
七七事变（卢沟桥事变）
July 7th Incident (Lugou Bridge Incident)
淞沪会战
Battle of Shanghai
平型关大捷
Battle of Pingxingguan; victory at Pingxingguan
台儿庄大捷
Battle of Tai’erzhuang; victory at Tai’erzhuang
武汉会战
Battle of Wuhan
百团大战
Hundred-Regiment Campaign
八路军
Eighth Route Army
新四军
New Fourth Army
东北抗日联军
Northeast United Resistance Army
华南人民抗日游击队
Southern China People’s Counter-Japanese Guerrilla Force
中国远征军
Chinese Expeditionary Force
持久战
protracted war
游击战
guerrilla warfare
运动战
mobile warfare
地道战
tunnel warfare
地雷战
landmine warfare
抗日根据地
resistance base
解放区
liberated area
游击区
guerrilla area
敌占区（沦陷区）
enemy-occupied area; occupied area
“大东亚共荣圈”
“Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere”
“三光”政策
“Three Alls” policy (kill all, burn all, loot all)
“731部队”（满洲第731部队）
“Unit 731” (Unit 731 of Manchuria)
南京大屠杀
Nanjing Massacre
“慰安妇”
“comfort women”
细菌战
germ warfare
化学战
chemical warfare
“扫荡”
“mopping-up” operation
“蚕食”
“gnawing-away” operation
“清乡”
“pacification” operation
中央文献重要术语译文发布（2015年第六期）
中国梦
【例】实现中华民族伟大复兴，是近代以来中国人民最伟大的梦想，我们称之为“中国梦”，基本内涵是实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。
Chinese Dream
The rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has been the greatest dream of the Chinese people since the beginning of modern times; we call this the Chinese Dream. The idea in essence is to make the country prosperous and strong, rejuvenate the nation, and see that the people are happy.
中国道路
【例】实现中国梦必须走中国道路。这就是中国特色社会主义道路。
Chinese path
To realize the Chinese Dream, we must follow a Chinese path – the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
中国精神
【例】实现中国梦必须弘扬中国精神。这就是以爱国主义为核心的民族精神，以改革创新为核心的时代精神。
Chinese spirit
To realize the Chinese Dream, we must foster the Chinese spirit – a fusion of the spirit of the Chinese people, central to which is patriotism, and the spirit of our era, central to which are reform and innovation.
中国力量
【例】实现中国梦必须凝聚中国力量。这就是中国各族人民大团结的力量。
Chinese strength
To realize the Chinese Dream, we must bring together Chinese strength – the strength produced by all Chinese people coming together in unity.
中国方案
【例】我们将更多提出中国方案、贡献中国智慧，为国际社会提供更多公共产品。
Chinese approach
We will propose more Chinese approaches, share more Chinese knowledge, and offer more public goods to the international community.
和平发展道路
【例】中国走和平发展道路，其他国家也都要走和平发展道路，只有各国都走和平发展道路，各国才能共同发展，国与国才能和平相处。
path of peaceful development
China is taking the path of peaceful development, as should other countries. Only if everyone takes this path can all countries develop together and live in peace.
互利共赢的开放战略
【例】中国将始终不渝奉行互利共赢的开放战略，通过深化合作促进世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长。
mutually beneficial opening up strategy
China will remain firmly committed to a mutually beneficial opening up strategy, and through deeper cooperation, promote the robust, sustainable, and balanced growth of the world economy.
世界人民的梦想
【例】中国梦既是中国人民追求幸福的梦，也同世界人民的梦想息息相通。
dreams of all peoples
The Chinese Dream is the Chinese people’s dream of happiness and is closely connected with the dreams of all peoples.
命运共同体
【例】我们的事业是同世界各国合作共赢的事业。国际社会日益成为一个你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。
community with a common future
Our cause is the cause of win-win cooperation with all countries. The world is increasingly becoming a community with a common future in which all countries are interdependent.
中央文献重要术语译文发布（2015年第七期）
苟日新，日日新，又日新
If you can improve yourself in a day, do so each day, forever building on improvement.
千里之行，始于足下
A journey of a thousand li begins with a single step.
政贵有恒
Consistency is valuable in governance.
功崇惟志，业广惟勤
Great accomplishments require ambition and tireless effort.
鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已
I will work heart and soul for my country to the day I draw my last breath.
兄弟齐心，其利断金
When brothers come together, there is nothing they cannot achieve.
君子一言，驷马难追
A word spoken is a word that must be honored.
和而不同
【例】中国自古就主张和而不同。我们希望，国与国之间、不同文明之间能够平等交流、相互借鉴、共同进步，各国人民都能够共享世界经济科技发展的成果，各国人民的意愿能够得到尊重，各国能够齐心协力推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。
harmony in diversity
China has, since ancient times, been an exponent of harmony in diversity. We hope that different countries and different civilizations will engage in exchange on an equal basis, learn from each other, and achieve common progress. We hope that the people of all countries will share in the fruits of global economic, scientific, and technological advances and that their aspirations are respected. We also hope that all countries will work together in building a harmonious world where peace is lasting and prosperity is shared by all.
得其大者可以兼其小
【例】“得其大者可以兼其小。”只有把人生理想融入国家和民族的事业中，才能最终成就一番事业。
The finer details fall into place when they align with the bigger picture.
The finer details fall into place when they align with the bigger picture. You will accomplish something significant in life if you integrate your ambitions into the cause of your country and its people.
行百里者半九十
【例】行百里者半九十。距离实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标越近，我们越不能懈怠，越要加倍努力，越要动员广大青年为之奋斗。
On reaching the last leg of a journey, you are only half way there.
On reaching the last leg of a journey, you are only half way there. The closer we are to our goal of rejuvenating the Chinese nation, the less we can afford to slack off, the more we need to intensify our efforts, and the more we need to encourage young people to work toward this goal.
位卑未敢忘忧国
Whatever my status, I will never lay aside my concern for the nation.
富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈
never be corrupted by wealth or status, depart from principle due to poverty or humble position, or bow down to power or force
先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐
I wish to be the first to worry about the nation’s woes and the last to share in its prosperity.
苟利国家生死以，
岂因祸福避趋之
Were it to benefit my country I would lay down my life;
What then is risk to me?
人生自古谁无死，
留取丹心照汗青
Everyone will one day die;
When my day comes, may my loyalty be inscribed in the pages of history.
长风破浪会有时，
直挂云帆济沧海
Someday, with my sail piercing the clouds;
I will mount the wind, break the waves, and traverse the vast, rolling sea.
中央文献重要术语译文发布（2015年第八期）
人与自然和谐发展
humankind develops in harmony with nature; harmonious development between man and nature
生命共同体
a community of life
生态文明
ecological progress; ecological conservation; eco-civilization
生态文化
eco-culture
国家生态安全
national ecological security
全球生态安全
global ecological security
生态文明制度体系
【例】到2020年，构建起由自然资源资产产权制度、国土空间开发保护制度等八项制度构成的生态文明制度体系。
institutional framework for promoting ecological progress
By 2020, an institutional framework composed of eight systems will have been established for promoting ecological progress, including a property rights system for natural resource assets and a system for developing and protecting territorial space.
生态文明体制改革
【例】紧紧围绕建设美丽中国,深化生态文明体制改革，加快建立生态文明制度，推动形成人与自然和谐发展现代化建设新格局。
reform for promoting ecological progress
To build a beautiful China, we will deepen reform to promote ecological progress and move faster to establish related systems so as to create a new model of modernization that ensures humanity develops in harmony with nature.
绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展
green, circular, and low-carbon development
节约优先、保护优先、自然恢复为主
give high priority to conserving resources, protecting the environment, and letting nature restore itself
生态保护红线
ecological conservation redline
国家公园体制
national park system
资源有偿使用和生态补偿制度
system for payment-based resource use and compensation for ecological conservation
跨区域、跨流域生态补偿机制
mechanism for trans-regional and cross-watershed compensation for ecological conservation
生态文明绩效评价考核和责任追究
ecological conservation performance assessment and accountability
生态环境损害责任终身追究制
system of lifelong accountability for ecological and environmental damage
污染物排放许可制
permit system for pollutants emissions
绿水青山就是金山银山
Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.
中央文献重要术语译文发布（2015年第九期）
国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划（“十三五”规划）
the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China (the 13th Five-Year Plan )
全面建成小康社会决胜阶段
the decisive stage in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects
坚持人民主体地位
uphold the principal position of the people
引领经济发展新常态
guide the new normal in China’s economic development
中高速增长
medium-high rate of economic growth
创新发展
innovative development
创新是引领发展的第一动力
Innovation is the primary engine of development.
协调发展
coordinated development
协调是持续健康发展的内在要求
Coordination is an integral aspect of sustained and healthy development.
绿色发展
green development; eco-friendly development
绿色是永续发展的必要条件和人民对美好生活追求的重要体现
Green, which represents an eco-friendly outlook, is a necessary condition for ensuring lasting development as well as an important way in which people pursue a better life.
开放发展
open development
开放是国家繁荣发展的必由之路
Opening up is the path China must take to achieve prosperity and development.
共享发展
shared development
共享是中国特色社会主义的本质要求
Sharing is the essence of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
中央文献重要术语译文发布（2016年第一期)
引领型发展
leading-edge development
创新驱动发展战略
innovation-driven development strategy
优进优出战略
strategy for optimizing imports and exports
网络强国战略
national cyber development strategy
国家大数据战略
national big data strategy
藏粮于地、藏粮于技战略
food crop production strategy based on farmland management and technological application
智能制造工程
smart manufacturing initiative
大科学工程
Big Science project
能源安全储备制度
energy security reserve system
金融宏观审慎管理制度
macroprudential regulation of the financial sector
普惠性创新支持政策体系
inclusive policies for the support of innovation
企业研发费用加计扣除政策
policy of additional tax deductions for enterprise research and development
协同创新
collaborative innovation
众创、众包、众扶、众筹
crowd innovation, crowdsourcing, crowd support, and crowdfunding
中央文献重要术语译文发布（2016年第二期)
区域协同发展
coordinated development between regions
城乡发展一体化
urban-rural integration
物质文明和精神文明协调发展
ensure that cultural-ethical and material development progress together
军民融合发展战略
military-civilian integration strategy
经济建设和国防建设融合发展
integrated development of the economy and national defense
京津冀协同发展
coordinated development of the Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei region
综合立体交通走廊
multimodal transport corridor
居住证制度
residence card system
财政转移支付同农业转移人口市民化挂钩机制
mechanism linking the transfer payments a local government receives to the number of former rural residents granted urban residency in its jurisdiction
城镇建设用地增加规模同吸纳农业转移人口落户数量挂钩机制
mechanism linking increases in the amount of land designated for urban development in a locality to the number of former rural residents granted urban residency there
中国特色新型智库
new type of Chinese think tanks
马克思主义理论研究和建设工程
Marxist Theory Research and Development Project
哲学社会科学创新工程
initiative to promote innovation in philosophy and the social sciences
网络内容建设工程
initiative to enrich online content
农村人居环境整治行动
rural living environment improvement initiative
历史文化名村名镇
towns and villages with rich historical and cultural heritage
美丽宜居乡村
a countryside that is beautiful and pleasant to live in
中央文献重要术语译文发布（2016年第三期)
宏观政策要稳、产业政策要准、微观政策要活、改革政策要实、社会政策要托底的总体思路
The idea is to ensure macro-level policy maintains economic stability, industrial policy is targeted, micro-level policy injects dynamism into the economy, reform policy delivers results, and social policy sees basic living needs are met.
稳中求进工作总基调
seeking progress while working to keep performance stable
供给侧结构性改革
supply-side structural reform
区间调控、定向调控、相机调控
range-based, targeted, and well-timed regulation
去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本、补短板
address overcapacity, reduce inventory, deleverage, lower costs, and bolster areas of weakness
发展新动能
new driver of growth
与地方事权和支出责任划分
define the respective powers and spending responsibilities of the central and local governments
国际产能合作
international cooperation on production capacity
准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理制度
the pre-establishment national treatment plus negative list system
质量强国
a country strong on quality
知识产权强国
IPR powerhouse
工匠精神
spirit of craftsmanship
政府法律顾问制度
system of government legal advisors
中国特色大国外交理念
the philosophy underpinning China’s diplomacy as a major country
为政之道，民生为本
That government is best which gives prime place to the wellbeing of the people.
简除烦苛，禁察非法
cut red tape and root out illegalities
上下同欲者胜
Success comes to those who share in one purpose.
中央文献重要术语译文发布（2016年第四期)
国家基本公共服务项目清单
national list of basic public services
“互联网+政务服务”
Internet Plus government services
“双随机、一公开”监管
oversight through inspections by randomly selected inspectors of randomly selected entities and the public release of inspection results
激励机制和容错纠错机制
mechanisms to provide incentives and allow for and rectify errors
地方政府举债融资机制
local government debt financing mechanism
人民币跨境支付系统
cross-border RMB payment system
人民币汇率市场化形成机制
market-based RMB exchange rate regime
全口径外债宏观审慎管理
unified macroprudential management of external debt
投贷联动试点
trial of debt-equity combination financing
资源税从价计征
ad valorem resource tax
国家新兴产业创业投资引导基金
National Venture Capital Guide Fund for Emerging Industries
中小企业发展基金
Small and Medium Enterprise Development Fund
国家自主创新示范区
national innovation demonstration zone
创业创新服务业
innovation and business startup service industry
“中国制造+互联网”
Made in China + the Internet
“市场定价、价补分离”原则
principle of market-based prices with separate subsidies
医疗、医保、医药联动改革
coordinated healthcare, health insurance, and pharmaceutical reforms
机关事业单位养老保险制度改革
reform of the pension system for government and public institution employees
中央文献重要术语译文发布（2016年第五期)
人与自然和谐共生
harmony between humankind and nature
美丽中国建设
Beautiful China Initiative
资源节约型、环境友好型社会
resource-conserving, environmentally friendly society
国家生态文明试区
national ecological conservation pilot zone
重点生态功能区
important ecological area (IEA)
绿色低碳循环发展产业体系
industrial system geared toward green, low-carbon, and circular development
绿色金融
green finance
循环发展引领计划
initiative to guide the shift toward circular development
全民节能行动计划
Nation of Energy Savers Initiative
用能权、用水权、排污权、碳排放权初始分配制度
initial allocation system for energy, water, pollution, and carbon permits
工业污染源全面达标排放计划
initiative to ensure that all industrial polluters comply with discharge standards
省以下环保机构监测监察执法垂直管理制度
system whereby environmental protection agencies below the provincial level come directly under the supervision of their respective provincial-level agencies in terms of environmental inspection and monitoring
领导干部自然资源资产离任审计
audit outgoing officials’ natural resource asset management
近零碳排放区示范工程
initiative to demonstrate near-zero carbon emissions zones
耕地轮作休耕制度
crop rotation and fallow system
污染物总量控制
aggregate emissions control
生态安全屏障
eco-security shield
江河源头和水源涵养区生态保护
ecological protection of river sources and water source conservation areas
蓝色海湾整治行动
Blue Bay Initiative
中央文献重要术语译文发布（2016年第六期)
开放型经济新体制
new systems for developing an open economy
互利合作
mutually beneficial cooperation
统筹国内国际两个大局
keep in mind both the domestic and international situations
双向开放
【例】打造陆海内外联动、东西双向开放的全面开放新格局。
two-way opening up
We will work to bring about a new phase of all-around two-way opening up with links running eastward and westward over land and sea.
互联互通
【例】推进基础设施互联互通和国际大通道建设，共同建设国际经济合作走廊。
connectivity
We should help to increase infrastructure connectivity and develop major international thoroughfares as well as work with overseas partners to build international economic cooperation corridors.
利益共同体
community of common interests
制度性话语权
say over international regimes
亲诚惠容
amity, sincerity, mutual benefit, and inclusiveness
共商共建共享原则
the principle of achieving shared growth through discussion and collaboration
海外利益保护体系
protection of Chinese interests overseas
国际产能和装备制造合作
international cooperation on production capacity and equipment manufacturing
跨境电子商务
cross-border e-commerce
通关一体化
customs integration
优质优价
higher quality, higher price
“港人治港”
The people of Hong Kong govern Hong Kong.
“澳人治澳”
The people of Macao govern Macao.
“两岸一家亲”
People on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are all of one family.
中央文献重要术语译文发布（2016年第七期)
人人参与、人人尽力、人人享有
Everyone participates, makes a contribution, and shares in the benefits.
男女平等基本国策
basic state policy of gender equality
计划生育基本国策
basic state policy of family planning
就业优先战略
jobs first strategy
食品安全战略
food safety strategy
健康中国建设
Healthy China Initiative
全民参保计划
social security for all
新生代农民工职业技能提升计划
skills improvement initiative for new-generation migrant workers
脱贫攻坚工程
the fight against poverty
脱贫工作责任制
poverty alleviation responsibility system
资产收益扶持制度
support through returns on asset investments
综合和分类相结合的个人所得税制
personal income tax based on a combination of adjusted gross income and specific types of income
职工养老保险个人账户制度
personal pension accounts for workers
渐进式延迟退休年龄政策
policy of gradually raising the retirement age
个人学习账号和学分累计制度
personal learning accounts and credit accumulation system
企业新型学徒制
new apprenticeship
就业失业统计指标体系
statistical indicators for employment and unemployment
普惠性幼儿园
public interest kindergarten
中央文献重要术语译文发布（2016年第八期)
中国工农红军
Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army
长征
【例句】长征是宣言书，长征是宣传队，长征是播种机。
Long March
The Long March was a declaration, a publicity force, and a sower of seeds.
红军三大主力
【释义】包括红一方面军（中央红军）、红二方面军、红四方面军。
three main forces of the Red Army
The three main forces of the Red Army were the First Front Army (also known as the Central Red Army), the Second Front Army, and the Fourth Front Army.
反“围剿”斗争
counter-encirclement and -suppression campaign
北上抗日
move north to resist Japanese aggression
中央革命根据地（中央苏区）
Central Revolutionary Base (Central Soviet Area)
中华苏维埃共和国
Chinese Soviet Republic
封锁线
blockade
湘江之战
Battle of the Xiang River
遵义会议
Zunyi Meeting
四渡赤水
cross the Chishui River four times
《八一宣言》
August First Declaration
陕甘革命根据地
Shaanxi-Gansu Revolutionary Base
会宁会师
the joining of Red Army forces at Huining
长征精神
Long March spirit
革命英雄主义
revolutionary heroism
革命乐观主义
revolutionary optimism
红军不怕远征难，
万水千山只等闲
The Red Army, facing down challenges on its march,
Braved ten thousand crags and torrents.
中央文献重要术语译文发布（2016年第九期)
全面从严治党
The Party shall exercise strict self-governance in every respect.
以习近平同志为核心的党中央
the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core
《关于新形势下党内政治生活的若干准则》
Code of Conduct for Intraparty Political Life under New Circumstances
《中国共产党党内监督条例》
Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Internal Oversight
政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识
consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, uphold the leadership core, and keep in alignment
坚定理想信念
deepen commitment to the ideals and convictions of the Party
坚持党的基本路线
uphold the Party’s basic line
坚决维护党中央权威
uphold the authority of the Party Central Committee
严明党的政治纪律
maintain strict political discipline in the Party
保持党同人民群众的血肉联系
ensure the Party maintains a close relationship with the people
坚持民主集中制原则
uphold the principle of democratic centralism
发扬党内民主和保障党员权利
practice democracy within the Party and safeguard the rights of Party members
坚持正确选人用人导向
adopt the right approach in selecting officials and putting them to the best use
严格党的组织生活制度
carry out regular Party organization activities
开展批评和自我批评
carry out criticism and self-criticism
加强对权力运行的制约和监督
strengthen checks on and oversight over the exercise of power
保持清正廉洁的政治本色
preserve a political character of honesty and integrity
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