MindEd课程 | 我应该担心吗？（简读版）

关于MindEd

据统计，四分之三的成人精神疾病在21岁以前就已经能够有所发现，因此，有效的早期干预对于预防精神疾病的发生发展至关重要。

MindEd是英国卫生部及教育部联合开放的一款线上教育课程，MindEd提供了有关300多个主题的免费在线课程，其内容均由英国和国际顶级专家撰写和编辑，适用于从医疗卫生人员到公众的各类型用户。

MindEd的目标是为英国所有国民提供有关儿童和青少年心理问题的“急救”（first aid）知识和相关基本技能，为所有从事儿童、青少年和家庭工作的成年人提供简单、明确的指导，以打破有关精神疾病的歧视，提高儿童和青少年的精神健康及福祉，为儿童和青少年创造更美好的未来。

我应该担心吗？

（简读版）

五岁以下的儿童

五岁以下的孩子总是会时不时闹些小脾气，但是当你的孩子闹脾气的情况符合以下条件时，是需要加以额外注意的：

△ 比其他孩子次数多

△ 比其他孩子时间长

或者，如果你的孩子：

△ 老是影响其他孩子

△ 很难对付

这时候，你可能会想领着你的孩子去看看医生。

此外，如果你的孩子出现了以下情况，你就应该尽早领着你的孩子上医院：

△ 脾气暴躁

△ 经常伤到别人

△ 总是以性行为的方式触摸自己或他人

△ 上厕所有困难

△ 不好好睡觉或吃饭

△ 当他们离开你时，会表现出非常不安

△ 总是很安静，不愿社交

小学生 

当你的孩子出现以下情况时，需要加以额外注意：

△ 总是打架

△ 总是非常焦虑，不愿上学

△ 很安静，不说话

△ 过度活跃，老是动

△ 不愿和其他孩子来往

△ 总是独自玩耍

△ 总是不高兴或啜泣

△ 晚上尿床

青少年

当你的孩子出现以下情况时，需要加以额外注意：

△ 心情很糟糕

△ 总是生气

△ 总是很累

△ 不睡觉

△ 非常安静，总是一个人

△ 不好好吃饭

△ 突然在学校里表现变差

△ 在学校惹了麻烦

△ 自伤

△ 服用毒品、酒精或其他物质

该去哪里寻求帮助 

△ 与您的家庭医生接触

△ 他们将能够为您提供一些急救建议来管理这些行为

△ 他们可能会建议你去接触其他一些有类似问题的家长

△ 他们可能会建议你去参加育儿培训课程

△ 医生可能会把你转介到“儿童和青少年精神健康服务”（CAMHS）*

*CAMHS是英国专门为儿童和青少年设立的精神卫生服务部门，类似国内的儿少病房，在CAMHS内，有许多解决儿童及青少年心理问题的专业人士，他们已在这方面接受了多年培训。

△ 如果你还是担心的话，多问问你的医生

CAMHS能提供哪些帮助

亲子工作（parent-infant work）

医生会同你和你的孩子一起相处一段时间，观察你们是如何互动的

△ 他们会问些专业性的问题

△ 他们会提出一些建议

谈话治疗

△ 谈话治疗分不同类型

△ 大多数治疗是与专业人员一对一进行的，但有时治疗是在一个小组中完成的

家庭治疗

△ 医生会同你们整个家庭相处一段时间

△ 他们会观察你们一家子是如何相处的

△ 有时候，你孩子的问题可能与你们家的某些相处方式有关

行为治疗

△ 医生会试图了解在孩子出现不良行为前后的一些情况

△ 他们会给你提供一些建议，以防止此类问题再次出现

游戏治疗

△ 孩子会花时间和专业人员一起玩耍

△ 专业人员将会观察你的孩子是如何玩耍的

△ 他们将更多地了解你孩子的想法和感受，并给你一些建议来阻止不良行为的发生。

针对青少年的治疗

△ CAMHS的专业人员将会进行全面评估

△ 他们会同你和你的孩子一起制定治疗计划

治疗计划可能包括：

△ 谈话治疗

△ 您的孩子可能会被要求加入一个治疗小组

△ 家庭治疗

△ 有时医生可能会推荐药物治疗或其他治疗方式

更多信息

https://www.minded.org.uk/

About MindEd

With three-quarters of adult mental disorders in evidence by the age of 21, effective early intervention can be essential in preventing the development of ill health and disability. 

MindEd was developed by a consortium of partner organisations and funding by the Department of Health, the Department for Education and Health Education England. It provides accessible, engaging online training in emotional and behavioural ‘first aid’ and essential therapeutic skills for all those involved in the mental wellbeing and care of children and young people in the UK. 

MindEd offers free, completely open access, online education in over 300 topics. Our e-learning is applicable to a wide range of learners across the health, social care, education, criminal justice and community settings.

Its aim is to provide simple, clear guidance on children and young people’s mental health, wellbeing and development to any adult working with children, young people and families, to help them support the development of young healthy minds.

Should I be worried?

Children under five

You might be worried if your child is upset or angry:

△ More than other children.

△ For longer than other children.

Or if your child is:

△ Upsetting other children.

△ Difficult for you to cope with.

You might want to see your local doctor.

But you should see your doctor if your child:

△ Has bad temper tantrums.

△ Is often hitting other people.

△ Is touching themselves or others in a sexual way.

△ Problems with going to the toilet.

△ Not sleeping or eating properly.

△ Very upset when they leave you.

△ Very quiet and not wanting to join in.

Primary school children

You might be worried if your child:

△ Is always fighting and the school is worried.

△ Is very worried and refuses to go to school.

△ Very quiet and not speaking

△ Over active - twitching and moving all the time.

△ Not getting on with other children.

△ Always playing alone.

△ Always upset and crying.

△ Wetting the bed at night.

Teenagers

You might be worried if your child has:

△ Has very bad moods.

△ Gets annoyed all the time.

△ Is always tired.

△ Not sleeping.

△ Very quiet and always alone.

△ Not eating properly.

△ Suddenly doing much worse at school.

△ Getting into trouble at school.

△ Cutting themselves.

△ Taking drugs, alcohol or other substances.

Where to go for help

△ Talk to your GP or Health Visitor.

△ Your health visitor will be able to give you first aid advice to manage some behaviours.

△ They may suggest you and your child come along to a group of other parents who have similar problems.

△ They may suggest that you go on a training course about being a parent.

△ The doctor may ask you to see the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS)*.

*CAMHS are professionals who have been trained to work with young people around mental health problems.

△ If you are worried always ask your doctor.

Help from CAMHS

Parent-infant work

△ A professional will spend time with you and your child watching how you do things together.

△ They will ask questions.

△ They will make some suggestions which might make things better.

Therapy*

*Therapy is a way of helping people with mental health problems without using medicines or other drugs. Instead the professional will talk and listen to the young person and suggest ways that help. It is also called talking treatment.

△ There are different types of therapy.

△ Most therapy is done one-to-one with the professional but sometimes therapy is done in a group.

Family Therapy

△ A professional will spend time with the whole family.

△ They will watch how the whole family works together.

△ Your child’s problem may have something to do with how the other people in the family work together.

Behaviour Therapy

△ The professional will try to understand what happens just before your child’s bad behaviour.

△ They will make suggestions of other things that you can do that stops your child’s behaviour problem.

Play Therapy

△ The child will spend time with a professional on their own playing.

△ The professional will be looking at how your child plays.

△ They will be able to understand more about what your child is thinking and feeling and will be able to suggest things you can do to help the bad behaviour.

Treatment for teenagers

△ The professionals at CAMHS will do a full assessment.

△ They will work with you and your child to write a care plan.

The care plan may include:

△ Some talking treatment or therapy for your child

△ Your child might be asked to join a therapy group

△ Family therapy

△ Sometimes a doctor may recommend medicines or tablets to be taken as  well as these other therapies.

More information

https://www.minded.org.uk/