刚刚，中/央下了铁/命令！从小学到高中教育大变动！

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“目前全国上下从幼升小到高考正在深入进行的一系列重大历史性教改，都是中央顶层设计的结果。”一位教育观察家发出如此感慨，来源于北京师范大学资深教授、中国教育学会名誉会长、著名教育家顾明远透露的一个信息。

 　作为国家考试指导委员会的24位委员之一，顾明远明确指出，这次的新高考改革前后酝酿了整整4年时间，经过了10多轮讨论，之后又分别通过了国务院教育改革领导小组、国务院常务会议讨论，最终经中央常委会议、政治局讨论，才最终确定了下来！

　　除此之外，由中央拍板的小升初、中考，包括高考，整个基础教育界又再面临怎样的变革？

　　一、中高考将包含小学知识，学科无考试大纲

　　“以后的高考、中考，在小学学的内容也是必考内容，明显降低中考、高考的考试难度。”

　　通过中考、高考的强势变革引导学生从幼升小开始广泛阅读、见多识广，增加考试的范围、广度而不是难度，纠正目前全国上下几十年来早已根深蒂固的课内外教学的“奇、难、偏、怪“问题。三十年高考实践证明，偏题、怪题选拔的人才上限不高。

简单地说就是——学生该掌握的必须掌握，最基础的知识必须掌握，必须掌握的还要掌握牢固。

　　降低学生平时学习负担，摒弃在全国普遍存在的9年义务教育畸形掐尖的严重现象，构建符合学生成长和年龄阶段正常、合理的教育环境，逐渐修补早已破坏深重的国家教育生态。

　　为展现国家的决心和实施的力度，2017年9月新学年开学，全国上下中小学学校教材全都采用重新制定的新版本，以对接国家教育的重大变革。

　　“今后，主要学科的考试将不再有考试大纲，哪个学生的知识越宽广、体系越健全而不是越艰深，哪个学生就会成为教改重大变革最受益的群体成员。”

169. Don't let yesterday use up too much of today.  别留念昨天了，把握好今天吧。(Will Rogers) 170. If you are not brave enough, no one will back you up.  你不勇敢，没人替你坚强。171. If you don't build your dream, someone will hire you to build theirs.  如果你没有梦想，那么你只能为别人的梦想打工。172. Beauty is all around, if you just open your heart to see.  只要你给自己机会，你会发现你的世界可以很美丽。173. The difference in winning and losing is most often...not quitting.  赢与输的差别通常是--不放弃。(华特·迪士尼) 174. I am ordinary yet unique.  我很平凡，但我独一无二。175. I like people who make me laugh in spite of myself.  我喜欢那些让我笑起来的人，就算是我不想笑的时候。176. Image a new story for your life and start living it. 为你的生命想一个全新剧本，并去倾情出演吧！177. I'd rather be a happy fool than a sad sage.  做个悲伤的智者，不如做个开心的傻子。178. The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.  未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。(埃莉诺·罗斯福) 179. Even if you get no applause, you should accept a curtain call gracefully and appreciate your own efforts.  即使没有人为你鼓掌，也要优雅的谢幕，感谢自己的认真付出。180. Don't let dream just be your dream.  别让梦想只停留在梦里。181. A day without laughter is a day wasted.  没有笑声的一天是浪费了的一天。(卓别林) 182. Travel and see the world; afterwards, you will be able to put your concerns in perspective.  去旅行吧，见的世面多了，你会发现原来在意的那些结根本算不了什么。183. The key to acquiring proficiency in any task is repetition.  任何事情成功关键都是熟能生巧。《生活大爆炸》 184. You can be happy no matter what.  开心一点吧，管它会怎样。185. A good plan today is better than a perfect plan tomorrow.  今天的好计划胜过明天的完美计划。186. Nothing is impossible, the word itself says 'I'm possible'!  一切皆有可能！“不可能”的意思是：“不，可能。”(奥黛丽·赫本) 187. Life isn't fair, but no matter your circumstances, you have to give it your all.  生活是不公平的，不管你的境遇如何，你只能全力以赴。188. No matter how hard it is, just keep going because you only fail when you give up.  无论多么艰难，都要继续前进，因为只有你放弃的那一刻，你才输了。      When Paul Jobs was mustered out of the Coast Guard after World War II, he made a wager with his crewmates. They had arrived in San Francisco, where their ship was decommissioned, and Paul bet that he would find himself a wife within two weeks. He was a taut, tattooed engine mechanic, six feet tall, with a passing resemblance to James Dean. But it wasn’t his looks that got him a date with Clara Hagopian, a sweet-humored daughter of Armenian immigrants. It was the fact that he and his friends had a car, unlike the group she had originally planned to go out with that evening. Ten days later, in March 1946, Paul got engaged to Clara and won his wager. It would turn out to be a happy marriage, one that lasted until death parted them more than forty years later. Paul Reinhold Jobs had been raised on a dairy farm in Germantown, Wisconsin. Even though his father was an alcoholic and sometimes abusive, Paul ended up with a gentle and calm disposition under his leathery exterior. After dropping out of high school, he wandered through the Midwest picking up work as a mechanic until, at age nineteen, he joined the Coast Guard, even though he didn’t know how to swim. He was deployed on the USS General M. C. Meigs and spent much of the war ferrying troops to Italy for General Patton. His talent as a machinist and fireman earned him commendations, but he occasionally found himself in minor trouble and never rose above the rank of seaman. Clara was born in New Jersey, where her parents had landed after fleeing the Turks in Armenia, and they moved to the Mission District of San Francisco when she was a child. She had a secret that she rarely mentioned to anyone: She had been married before, but her husband had been killed in the war. So when she met Paul Jobs on that first date, she was primed to start a new life. Clara, however, loved San Francisco, and in 1952 she convinced her husband to move back there. They got an apartment in the Sunset District facing the Pacific, just south of Golden Gate Park, and he took a job working for a finance company as a “repo man,” picking the locks of cars whose owners hadn’t paid their loans and repossessing them. He also bought, repaired, and sold some of the cars, making a decent enough living in the process. There was, however, something missing in their lives. They wanted children, but Clara had suffered an ectopic pregnancy, in which the fertilized egg was implanted in a fallopian tube rather than the uterus, and she had been unable to have any. So by 1955, after nine years of marriage, they were looking to adopt a child. Like Paul Jobs, Joanne Schieble was from a rural Wisconsin family of German heritage. Her father, Arthur Schieble, had immigrated to the outskirts of Green Bay, where he and his wife owned a mink farm and dabbled successfully in various other businesses, including real estate and photoengraving. He was very strict, especially regarding his daughter’s relationships, and he had strongly disapproved of her first love, an artist who was not a Catholic. Thus it was no surprise that he threatened to cut Joanne off completely when, as a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, she fell in love with Abdulfattah “John” Jandali, a Muslim teaching assistant from Syria. Jandali was the youngest of nine children in a prominent Syrian family. His father owned oil refineries and multiple other businesses, with large holdings in Damascus and Homs, and at one point pretty much controlled the price of wheat in the region. His mother, he later said, was a “traditional Muslim woman” who was a “conservative, obedient housewife.” Like the Schieble family, the Jandalis put a premium on education. Abdulfattah was sent to a Jesuit boarding school, even though he was Muslim, and he got an undergraduate degree at the American University in Beirut before entering the University of Wisconsin to pursue a doctoral degree in political science. In the summer of 1954, Joanne went with Abdulfattah to Syria. They spent two months in Homs, where she learned from his family to cook Syrian dishes. When they returned to Wisconsin she discovered that she was pregnant. They were both twenty-three, but they decided not to get married. Her father was dying at the time, and he had threatened to disown her if she wed Abdulfattah. Nor was abortion an easy option in a small Catholic community. So in early 1955, Joanne traveled to San Francisco, where she was taken into the care of a kindly doctor who sheltered unwed mothers, delivered their babies, and quietly arranged closed adoptions. Joanne had one requirement: Her child must be adopted by college graduates. So the doctor arranged for the baby to be placed with a lawyer and his wife. But when a boy was born—on February 24, 1955—the designated couple decided that they wanted a girl and backed out. Thus it was that the boy became the son not of a lawyer but of a high school dropout with a passion for mechanics and his salt-of-the-earth wife who was working as a bookkeeper. Paul and Clara named their new baby Steven Paul Jobs. When Joanne found out that her baby had been placed with a couple who had not even graduated from high school, she refused to sign the adoption papers. The standoff lasted weeks, even after the baby had settled into the Jobs household. Eventually Joanne relented, with the stipulation that the couple promise—indeed sign a pledge—to fund a savings account to pay for the boy’s college education. There was another reason that Joanne was balky about signing the adoption papers. Her father was about to die, and she planned to marry Jandali soon after. She held out hope, she would later tell family members, sometimes tearing up at the memory, that once they were married, she could get their 别让梦想只停留在梦里。181. A day without laughter is a day wasted.  没有笑声的一天是浪费了的一天。(卓别林) 182. Travel and see the world; afterwards, you will be able to put your concerns in perspective.  去旅行吧，见的世面多了，你会发现原来在意的那些结根本算不了什么。183. The key to acquiring proficiency in any task is repetition.  任何事情成功关键都是熟能生巧。《生活大爆炸》 184. You can be happy no matter what.  开心一点吧，管它会怎样。baby boy back. Arthur Schieble died in August 1955, after the adoption was finalized. Just after Christmas that year, Joanne and Abdulfattah were married in St. Philip the Apostle Catholic Church in Green Bay. He got his PhD in international politics the next year, and then they had another child, a girl named Mona. After she and Jandali divorced in 1962, Joanne embarked on a dreamy and peripatetic life that her daughter, who grew up to become the acclaimed novelist Mona Simpson, would capture in her book Anywhere but Here. Because Steve’s adoption had been closed, it would be twenty years before they would all find each other. Steve Jobs knew from an early age that he was adopted. “My parents were very open with me about that,” he recalled. He had a vivid memory of sitting on the lawn of his house, when he was six or seven years old, telling the girl who lived across the street. “So does that mean your real parents didn’t want you?” the girl asked. “Lightning bolts went off in my head,” according to Jobs. “I remember running into the house, crying. And my parents said, ‘No, you have to understand.’ They were very serious and looked me straight in the eye. They said, ‘We specifically picked you out.’ Both of my parents said that and repeated it slowly for me. And they put an emphasis on every word in that sentence.” Abandoned. Chosen. Special. Those concepts became part of who Jobs was and how he regarded himself. His closest friends think that the knowledge that he was given up at birth left some scars. “I think his desire for complete control of whatever he makes derives directly from his personality and the fact that he was abandoned at birth,” said one longtime colleague, Del Yocam. “He wants to control his environment, and he sees the product as an extension of himself.” Greg Calhoun, who became close to Jobs right after college, saw another effect. “Steve talked to me a lot about being abandoned and the pain that caused,” he said. “It made him independent. He followed the beat of a different drummer, and that came from being in a different world than he was born into.” Later in life, when he was the same age his biological father had been when he abandoned him, Jobs would father and abandon a child of his own. (He eventually took responsibility for her.) Chrisann Brennan, the mother of that child, said that being put up for adoption left Jobs “full of broken glass,” and it helps to explain some of his behavior. “He who is abandoned is an abandoner,” she said. Andy Hertzfeld, who worked with Jobs at Apple in the early 1980s, is among the few who remained close to both Brennan and Jobs. “The key question about Steve is why he can’t control himself at times from being so reflexively cruel and harmful to some people,” he said. “That goes back to being abandoned at birth. The real underlying problem was the theme of abandonment in Steve’s life.” Jobs dismissed this. “There’s some notion that because I was abandoned, I worked very hard so I could do well and make my parents wish they had me back, or some such nonsense, but that’s ridiculous,” he insisted. “Knowing I was adopted may have made me feel more independent, but I have never felt abandoned. I’ve always felt special. My parents made me feel special.” He would later bristle whenever anyone referred to Paul and Clara Jobs as his “adoptive” parents or implied that they were not his “real” parents. “They were my parents 1,000%,” he said. When speaking about his biological parents, on the other hand, he was curt: “They were my sperm and egg bank. That’s not harsh, it’s just the way it was, a sperm bank thing, nothing more.” Silicon Valley The childhood that Paul and Clara Jobs created for their new son was, in many ways, a stereotype of the late 1950s. When Steve was two they adopted a girl they named Patty, and three years later they moved to a tract house in the suburbs. The finance company where Paul worked as a repo man, CIT, had transferred him down to its Palo Alto office, but he could not afford to live there, so they landed in a subdivision in Mountain View, a less expensive town just to the south. There Paul tried to pass along his love of mechanics and cars. “Steve, this is your workbench now,” he said as he marked off a section of the table in their garage. Jobs remembered being impressed by his father’s focus on craftsmanship. “I thought my dad’s sense of design was pretty good,” he said, “because he knew how to build anything. If we needed a cabinet, he would build it. When he built our fence, he gave me a hammer so I could work with him.” Fifty years later the fence still surrounds the back and side yards of the house in Mountain View. As Jobs showed it off to me, he caressed the stockade panels and recalled a lesson that his father implanted deeply in him. It was important, his father said, to craft the backs of cabinets and fences properly, even though they were hidden. “He loved doing things right. He even cared about the look of the parts you couldn’t see.” His father continued to refurbish and resell used cars, and he festooned the garage with pictures of his favorites. He would point out the detailing of the design to his son: the lines, the vents, the chrome, the trim of the seats. After work each day, he would change into his dungarees and retreat to the garage, often with Steve tagging along. “I figured I could get him nailed down with a little mechanical ability, but he really wasn’t interested in getting his hands dirty,” Paul later recalled. “He never really cared too much about m189. It requires hard work to give off an appearance of effortlessness.  你必须十分努力，才能看起来毫不费力。190. Life is like riding a bicycle.To keep your balance,you must keep moving.  人生就像骑单车，只有不断前进，才能保持平衡。(爱因斯坦) 191. Be thankful for what you have.You'll end up having more.  拥有一颗感恩的心，最终你会得到更多。192. Beauty is how you feel inside, and it reflects in your eyes.  美是一种内心的感觉，并反映在你的眼睛里。(索菲亚·罗兰) 193. Friendship doubles your joys, and divides your sorrows.  朋友的作用，就是让你快乐加倍，痛苦减半。194. When you long for something sincerely, the whole world will help you.  当你真心渴望某样东西时，整个宇宙都会来帮忙。echanical things.” “I wasn’t that into fixing cars,” Jobs admitted. “But I was eager to hang out with my dad.” Even as he was growing more aware that he had been adopted, he was becoming more attached to his father. One day when he was about eight, he discovered a photograph of his father from his time in the Coast Guard. “He’s in the engine room, and he’s got his shirt off and looks like James Dean. It was one of those Oh wow moments for a kid. Wow, oooh, my parents were actually once very young and really good-looking.” Through cars, his father gave Steve his first exposure to electronics. “My dad did not have a deep understanding of electronics, but he’d encountered it a lot in automobiles and other things he would fix. He showed me the rudiments of electronics, and I got very interested in that.” Even more interesting were the trips to scavenge for parts. “Every weekend, there’d be a junkyard trip. We’d be looking for a generator, a carburetor, all sorts of components.” He remembered watching his father negotiate at the counter. “He was a good bargainer, because he knew better than the guys at the counter what the parts should cost.” This helped fulfill the pledge his parents made when he was adopted. “My college fund came from my dad paying $50 for a Ford Falcon or some other beat-up car that didn’t run, working on it for a few weeks, and selling it for $250—and not telling the IRS.” The Jobses’ house and the others in their neighborhood were built by the real estate developer Joseph Eichler, whose company spawned more than eleven thousand homes in various California subdivisions between 1950 and 1974. Inspired by Frank Lloyd Wright’s vision of simple modern homes for the American “everyman,” Eichler built inexpensive houses that featured floor-to-ceiling glass walls, open floor plans, exposed post-and-beam construction, concrete slab floors, and lots of sliding glass doors. “Eichler did a great thing,” Jobs said on one of our walks around the neighborhood. “His houses were smart and cheap and good. They brought clean design and simple taste to lower-income people. They had awesome little features, like radiant heating in the floors. You put carpet on them, and we had nice toasty floors when we were kids.” Jobs said that his appreciation for Eichler homes instilled in him a passion for making nicely designed products for the mass market. “I love it when you can bring really great design and simple capability to something that doesn’t cost much,” he said as he pointed out the clean elegance of the houses. “It was the original vision for Apple. That’s what we tried to do with the first Mac. That’s what we did with the iPod.” Across the street from the Jobs family lived a man who had become successful as a real estate agent. “He wasn’t that bright,” Jobs recalled, “but he seemed to be making a fortune. So my dad thought, ‘I can do that.’ He worked so hard, I remember. He took these night classes, passed the license test, and got into real estate. Then the bottom fell out of the market.” As a result, the family found itself financially strapped for a year or so while Steve was in elementary school. His mother took a job as a bookkeeper for Varian Associates, a company that made scientific instruments, and they took out a second mortgage. One day his fourth-grade teacher asked him, “What is it you don’t understand about the universe?” Jobs replied, “I don’t understand why all of a sudden my dad is so broke.” He was proud that his father never adopted a servile attitude or slick style that may have made him a better salesman. “You had to suck up to people to sell real estate, and he wasn’t good at that and it wasn’t in his nature. I admired him for that.” Paul Jobs went back to being a mechanic. His father was calm and gentle, traits that his son later praised more than emulated. He was also resolute. Jobs described one exampl What made the neighborhood different from the thousands of other spindly-tree subdivisions across America was that even the ne’er-do-wells tended to be engineers. “When we moved here, there were apricot and plum orchards on all of these corners,” Jobs recalled. “But it was beginning to boom because of military investment.” He soaked up the history of the valley and developed a yearning to play his own role. Edwin Land of Polaroid later told him about being asked by Eisenhower to help build the U-2 spy plane cameras to see how real the Soviet threat was. The film was dropped in canisters and returned to the NASA Ames Research Center in Sunnyvale, not far from where Jobs lived. “The first computer terminal I ever saw was when my dad brought me to the Ames Center,” he said. “I fell totally in love with it.” Other defense contractors sprouted nearby during the 1950s. The Lockheed Missiles and Space Division, which built submarine-launched ballistic missiles, was founded in 1956 next to the NASA Center; by the time Jobs moved to the area four years later, it employed twenty thousand people. A few hundred yards away, Westinghouse built facilities that produced tubes and electrical transformers for the missile systems. “You had all these military companies on the cutting edge,” he recalled. “It was mysterious and high-tech and made living here very exciting.” In the wake of the defense industries there arose a booming economy based on technology. Its roots stretched back to 1938, when David Packard and his new wife moved into a house in Palo Alto that had a shed where his friend Bill Hewlett was soon ensconced. The house had a garage—an appendage that would prove both useful and iconic in the valley—in which they tinkered around until they had their first product, an audio oscillator. By the 1950s, Hewlett-Packard was a fast-growing company making technical instruments. Fortunately there was a place nearby for entrepreneurs who had outgrown their garages. In a move that would help transform the area into the cradle of the tech revolution, Stanford University’s dean of engineering, Frederick Terman, created a seven-hundred-acre industrial park on university land for private companies that could commercialize the ideas of his students. Its first tenant was Varian Associates, where Clara Jobs worked. “Terman came up with this great idea that did more than anything to cause the tech industry to grow up here,” Jobs said. By the time Jobs was ten, HP had nine thousand employees and was the blue-chip company where every engineer seeking financial stability wanted to work. The most important technology for the region’s growth was, of course, the semiconductor. William Shockley, who had been one of the inventors of the transistor at Bell Labs in New Jersey, moved out to Mountain View and, in 1956, started a company to build transistors using silicon rather than the more expensive germanium that was then commonly used. But Shockley became increasingly erratic and abandoned his silicon transistor project, which led eight of his engineers—most notably Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore—to break away to form Fairchild Semiconductor. That company grew to twelve thousand employees, but it fragmented in 1968, when Noyce lost a power struggle to become CEO. He took Gordon Moore and founded a company that they called Integrated Electronics Corporation, which they soon smartly abbreviated to Intel. Their third employee was Andrew Grove, who later would grow the company by shifting its focus from memory chips to microprocessors. Within a few years there would be more than fifty companies in the area making semiconductors. The exponential growth of this industry was correlated with the phenomenon famously discovered by Moore, who in 1965 drew a graph of the speed of integrated circuits, based on the number of transistors that could be placed on a chip, and showed that it doubled about every two years, a trajectory that could be expected to continue. This was reaffirmed in 1971, when Intel was able to etch a complete central processing unit onto one chip, the Intel 4004, tronic amplifier. “So I raced home, and I told my dad that he was wrong.” “No, it needs an amplifier,” his father assured him. When Steve protested otherwise, his father said he was crazy. “It can’t work without an amplifier. There’s some trick.” “I kept saying no to my dad, telling him he had to see it, and finally he actually walked down with me and saw it. And he said, ‘Well I’ll be a bat out of hell.’” Jobs recalled the incident vividly because it was his first realization that his father did not know everything. Then a more disconcerting discovery began to dawn on him: He was smarter than his parents. He had always admired his father’s competence and savvy. “He was not an educated man, but I had always thought he was pretty damn smart. He didn’t read much, but he could do a lot. Almost everything mechanical, he could figure it out.” Yet the carbon microphone incident, Jobs said, began a jarring process of realizing that he was in fact more clever and quick than his parents. “It was a very big moment that’s burned into my mind. When I realized that I was smarter than my parents, I felt tremendous shame for having thought that. I will never forget that moment.” This discovery, he later told friends, along with the fact that he was adopted, made him feel apart—detached and separate—from both his family and the world. Another layer of awareness occurred soon after. Not only did he discover that he was brighter than his parents, but he discovered that they knew this. Paul and Clara Jobs were loving parents, and they were willing to adapt their lives to suit a son who was very smart—and also willful. They would go to great lengths to accommodate him. And soon Steve discovered this fact as well. “Both my parents got me. They felt a lot of responsibility once they sensed that I was special. They found ways to keep feeding me stuff and putting me in better schools. They were willing to defer to my needs.” So he grew up not only with a sense of having once been abandoned, but also with a sense that he was special. In his own mind, that was more important in the formation of his personality. School Even before Jobs started elementary school, his mother had taught him how to read. This, however, led to some problems once he got to school. “I was kind of bored for the first few years

　　二、改变“一考定终身”的不公平

　　2017年起，在高考招录中会采用“两依据一参考”政策，即依据高考统考成绩和高中学业水平考试成绩，参考高中学生综合素质评价内容。

　　即，以后全中国的高考科目采用“3+3”模式，高考成绩由语文、数学、外语3门统一高考成绩和3门（物理、生物、化学、历史、地理、政治6科中选3科）学生自主选择的高中学业水平考试科目成绩构成，作为高等学校录取的基本依据。

　　新高考改革的一个重大突破，就是将高中学生的综合评价内容作为招生录取时的参考。从“招分”转向“招人”，打破了过去以分数录取学生、一考定终身的弊端。 

　　三、所有科目，都将考验语文水平

　　改变中国高考几十年来文理分科带来的偏科、知识面狭窄、过早抑制学生可塑性等的严重弊端。

“从幼升小一直到高考更大地鼓励每个学生增加各学科知识的宽度、广度而不是深度。”

　　将最大限度地提升全体学生的广泛阅读水平，让每个学生在全程12年的基础教育中逐步建立感兴趣的学科方向。高质量的阅读需要高水平的语文学习，语文重点突出中国优秀传统文化。

　　2017年北京高考语文如下图：

　　没有广泛的语文阅读积累是很难完成的。

　　“此外，今后的高考所有科目都会是对语文的持续考察。”

　　举例：

　　原来参加高考做数学卷子可能所有的考题题面只有2000多字，以后的题面阅读量也许会有5000多字甚至更多，阅读、语文水平欠佳，做题速度、理解水平等都会受到很大影响，有的考生甚至连题都没时间做完。

　　而这一切将反映在今后所有高考科目中。

　　有趣的是，据了解，在北京，原来通过奥数掐尖来的很多知名重点中学，正在前所未有地通过多种办法，去迫不及待地提高那些奥数牛孩的语文和人文素养。

　　四、中国的“高考指挥棒”将完全指向全面素质教育

　　（1）分类考试，不再只用分数选人

　　以后的新高考、中考不再完全以分数作为选拔人才的唯一依据。原来只用分数这一把尺子选人，淘汰了太多本不该淘汰的“精英“，严重导致中国人口众多而成材率却明显偏低。

　　“一个明显的改变是，新高考方案中有一个很大的亮点就是实行分类考试，也就是高职院校与普通高校的考试招生分开进行。”

　　一个人喜欢干什么、适合干什么、能干什么、想干什么就去接受与之对应的高等教育。

　　但是目前受传统观念的影响，中国的老百姓普遍不认可高等职业教育，他们总感觉职业院校低人一等，所以新高考方案中的分类考试没有引起足够的反响，也没有起到应有的作用。

　　（2）学校从幼升小便要开始注重培养兴趣、特长

　　中国今后的高考录取将完全改变旧有的录取模式，先取消三本院校，并逐步实施按照专业录取，改变一直持续至今的按照一本、二本、三本院校分数线录取的方式。

　　2017年先行试点新高考的浙江省，每个学生将可填报80个专业，就是要充分挖掘出每个考生真正的兴趣、特长、爱好等的方向，北京及全国其他地方2020年也已经正式确定采取这样的大学录取方向。

　　要想给自己的孩子选到最好的专业方向，最大限度确保孩子从“成人”到“成才”再到“成功”，兴趣、特长、爱好的建立必须从小不间断发现、引导和培养，幼升小时就成为开始学校这方面教育培养的起点。

　　（3）应试教育办学模式将被淘汰

　　顾明远深刻指出，将来高考制度彻底改革了，应试教育的办学模式将来肯定是要被淘汰的。

新高考改革最终就是要改变这种现状，彻底改变“应试教育是管用的”这种观念，虽然改变的过程可能比较漫长，尤其是观念的转变非常困难。

　　众所周知，中国的应试教育持续了几十年，产生了错综复杂的利益共同体，也培植了以应试教育为起点的多如牛毛的辅导机构，更形成了几代人挥之不去的强烈而顽固的应试教育情节，全社会推崇应试教育的观念、力量、手段目前依然固若金汤。

　　不过，既然中央最高层下了决心，从幼升小到高考史无前例地不断推出全方位颠覆性的重大变革以对接上教育的规律和全球教育发展的趋势，相信即便有最大的挣扎也难撼变革的总方向。

　　五、降低小升初选拔难度

　　偏重搞全面素质教育而放弃传统的应试教育，题中应有之意必然是降低小升初的强选拔性，使小学、初中教育逐步均衡并优质。其中有三大举措目前看是最见效的。

　　第一，将普通小学纳入优质教育学校或教育集团并实现直升优质教育初中校；

　　第二，强推贯通培养。不仅小升初有优质初中校直升，初中校的学生也会建立直升优质高中的机制，以北京为例，2018年就会逐步开始推进；

　　第三，通过“校额到校”机制，让更多普通初中校的学生能进入重点高中就读。目前山东青岛的校额到校比例已经达到了65%。

　　六、中国教育体制“迫不及待”需要拔尖创新人才

　　恢复高考40年，改革开放近40年，当时中国各方面人才曾极度匮乏，因此中国教育这40年来亟需“复制”大量人才，这种人才复制的教育培养机制为中国经济的高速增长发挥了极其重大的作用。

　　随着自然资源消耗持续加剧、环境污染日益深重、GDP迅速回落，目前的中国最急需的就是创新，创新要靠拔尖创新人才，拔尖创新人才的培养需要相适应的教育体制和机制。

　　欧美主要发达国家拔尖创新人才层出不穷，从产出概率来讲远胜我们，应试教育是封闭的教育，封闭的教育难以造就开放的环境从而产生大量拔尖创新人才，中国教育的大变革可以说是迫不及待了，也时不我待！

　　七、实施素质教育促进中国诚信体系的重建

　　很多发达国家的孩子学的课本比我们容易，课后玩的时间也比我们多，许多国家还没有统一的类似我国高考的选拔机制，但并没耽误高端、拔尖创新人才的培养，获得世界级科技奖的人数远比我们多。

　　这从一个侧面更印证了应试教育存在着严重的弊端。

　　不过，当一个制度很公平、看似机会相等的时候，即便它千疮百孔也很难让人舍弃。

　　其实，大家最担心的是如果真搞了全面素质教育，那就远不像应试教育那样有分数的严格量化标准了，钱权交易怎么办、走后门怎么办、权力寻租怎么办？！

　　“因此，在我们目前缺乏诚信体系的情况下，搞真正的全面素质教育就要促进国家诚信体系的建立。”

　　在没有完全搞出这些机制前，中国的全面素质教育走向是很独特的，没有照抄照搬任何国家，是一个多方面的集合体，以避免出现不可控的的不公平。

　　中国搞素质教育是急需，诚信体系建立是渐进，虽有矛盾，但毕竟是大方向，需要我们开始渐变，真的需要转向了！

　　八、生涯教育规划必将日益重要

　　全面素质教育内容庞杂，体系众多，远不像应试教育那么单一，既要瞻前顾后又要恰如其分，需要很客观全面的把握和策略。

　　“顾明远教授在这方面也指出，生涯教育主要是告诉孩子怎么了解自己，怎么了解他人，知道自己的优点和缺点，对自己有一个全面的认识，从而提前对将来的学习和人生进行规划。

　　全面素质教育如果失去了对每个学生学涯教育和生涯教育的规划，很容易偏离方向。

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