真核细胞线粒体和叶绿体是史前细菌后代

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真核细胞中的线粒体和叶绿体是史前细菌后代

人、植物和动物有复杂的真核细胞，它们含有特殊的细胞器，如线粒体——细胞的发电站，和叶绿体——它将阳光转化为植物中的糖。线粒体和叶绿体的外观和行为都象细菌一样，它们也有类似的基因。这不是一个巧合：科学家们相信这些特殊的细胞亚单位是自由生活的史前细菌的后代，它们以某种方式融合在一起形成了一个细胞。随着时间的推移，他们成为我们基本的生物单元的一部分。

见：

The Prehistoric Bacteria That Helped Create Our Cells Billions of Years Ago

The Prehistoric Bacteria That Helped Create Our Cells Billions of Years Ago

BY KIRSTIN FAWCETT

JANUARY 20, 2018

ISTOCK

We owe the existence of our cells—the very building blocks of life—to a chance relationship between bacteria that occurred more than 2 billion years ago. Flash back to Bio 101, and you might remember that humans, plants, and animals have complex eukaryotic cells, with nucleus-bound DNA, instead of single-celled prokaryotic cells. These contain 53 27397 53 14689 0 0 5265 0 0:00:05 0:00:02 0:00:03 5264specialized organelles such as the mitochondria—the cell’s powerhouse—and the chloroplast, which converts sunlight into sugar in plants.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts both look and behave a lot like bacteria, and they also share similar genes. This isn’t a coincidence: Scientists believe these specialized cell subunits are descendants of free-living prehistoric bacteria that somehow merged together to form one. Over time, they became part of our basic biological units—and you can learn how by watching PBS Eons’s latest video below.