欧盟颁布知识产权执法指令指南和标准必要专利的欧盟方案
翻译：董雨果 校对：张伟君
来源：欧盟官网，2017.11.29
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-17-4942_en.htm
Intellectual property: Protecting Europe's know-how and innovation leadership
知识产权：保护欧洲的技术诀窍和创新优势
The Commission today presents measures to ensure that intellectual property rights are well protected, thereby encouraging European companies, in particular SMEs and start-ups, to invest in innovation and creativity.
2017年11月29日，欧盟委员会颁布了一系列举措，加强保护知识产权，以鼓励欧洲企业，特别是中小型企业和创业公司在创新创造方面的投资。
Today's initiatives were announced in the 2015 Single Market Strategy – a roadmap to deliver on President Juncker's political commitment to unleash the full potential of the Single Market and make it the launchpad for European companies to thrive in the global economy. Delivering on the Single Market Strategy, the Commission has already put forward proposals on e-commerce, guidance on the collaborative economy, steps to modernise the EU's standardisation policy, a Start-up and Scale-up Initiative, measures to give a fresh boost to the services sector and steps to enhance compliance and practical functioning of the EU Single Market.
2015年单一市场战略（Single Market Strategy）曾宣布过这些举措。单一市场战略是欧盟委员会主席让-克洛德·容克（Jean-Claude Juncker）政治承诺的路线图，它旨在释放单一市场的全部潜力，使其成为欧洲企业在全球经济中蓬勃发展的起点。为落实单一市场战略，欧盟委员会已经提出了许多指导与建议。
Today's initiatives will make it easier to act efficiently against breaches of intellectual property rights, facilitate cross-border litigation, and tackle the fact that 5% of goods imported into the EU (worth €85 billion) are counterfeited or pirated. The Commission also encourages licensing negotiations which are fair and balanced in rewarding companies for their innovation while allowing also others to build on this technology to generate new innovative products and services.
这些举措一是有助于对侵犯知识产权的行为可以更有效地采取行动；二是跨国诉讼可以更加便利；三是可以遏制进口商品的假冒伪劣问题。目前进口到欧盟的商品中有5%为假冒或盗版，价值约850亿欧元。此外，欧盟委员会也鼓励那些惠及双方的许可谈判，这样的许可一方面应该对企业的创新给予公正合理的回报，另一方面也应允许其他企业在这些新技术的基础上进一步开发新的创新产品和服务。
Vice-President Jyrki Katainen, responsible for Jobs, Growth Investment and Competitiveness, said:"Europe's economic growth and competitiveness largely depends on our many entrepreneurs – from start-ups to large companies – investing in new ideas and knowledge. The comprehensive package we are presenting today improves the application and enforcement of intellectual property rights and encourages investment in technology and product development in Europe."
负责就业、增长投资和竞争力的副主席于尔基·卡泰宁（Jyrki Katainen）表示：“欧洲的经济增长和竞争力很大程度上取决于我们的企业家——无论是创业公司还是大公司——在创新和智力方面的投资，我们公布的全部举措将改进知识产权的运用与保护，由此来激励公司在欧洲进行技术和产品研发方面的投资。”
Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs Commissioner Elżbieta Bieńkowska, added:"Today we boost our collective ability to catch the 'big fish' behind fake goods and pirated content which harm our companies and our jobs – as well as our health and safety in areas such as medicines or toys. We are also placing Europe as a global leader with a patent licensing system that is conducive to the roll-out of the Internet of Things from smartphones to connected cars."
主管欧盟内部市场、工业、创业和中小型企业的委员埃尔茨比塔·比恩科斯卡（Elżbieta Bieńkowska）补充说：“我们要提高抓住那些假冒伪劣产品背后的‘大鱼’的能力，这些假冒伪劣产品影响了欧盟本土公司的经营，减少了欧盟的就业，同时还在药品、玩具等行业对人们的健康与安全造成了危害。此外，我们认为欧洲也应成为在专利许可制度方面的全球领导者，这样的制度将有利于促进从智能手机到联网汽车的物联网的发展。”
The measures adopted today include:
昨日通过的举措包括两个方面：
Guidance on the Directive on the enforcement of intellectual property rights
知识产权执法指令指南
Setting out the EU approach to Standard Essential Patents
标准必要专利的欧盟方案
Stepping up the fight against counterfeiting and piracy: The Commission seeks to deprive commercial-scale IP infringers of the revenue flows that make their criminal activity lucrative – this is the so-called ‘follow the money' approach which focuses on the 'big fish' rather than individuals. It also ensures that enforcement actions are adapted to the requirements of today's digital age. With today's initiatives, the Commission aims to:
第一， 加大打击假冒伪劣产品的力度：
欧盟委员会试图剥夺给那些实施商业规模知识产权侵权人的犯罪行为带来获利的资金流，这种被称为“跟着钱走”的方法更聚焦于“大鱼”而非个人。它也确保执法行动能够与数字时代相适应。通过这样的举措，欧盟委员会希望：
o Ensure an equally high level of legal protection and a predictable judicial framework across the EU. New guidance provides clarification on how to apply the 2004 Directive on the enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPRED). The Directive has proved a relevant tool in fighting intellectual property rights (IPR) abuse, but there have been differing interpretations among Member States of some of its provisions over the years. The guidance clarifies these interpretation issues, which will increase legal certainty for all stakeholders and facilitate civil enforcement across the EU straight away, without the need for new legislation. In addition, the Commission calls on Member States to step up their efforts by boosting judicial training, systematically publishing judgements on IP cases and encouraging alternative dispute resolution tools
o 确保欧盟范围内的法律保护拥有同等的高水平以及可预见的司法机制。新的指导意见就如何适用2004年的“知识产权执法指令”（Directive on the enforcement of intellectual property rights）提供了说明。这一指令已经成为对抗知识产权滥用的一项有效的工具，但是各个成员国这些年来对这一指令有着不同的解释。指导意见对此进行了解释说明，这将增强所有相关方的法律的确定性，有助于在欧洲进行便利的知识产权民事执法而无须进行新的立法。此外，欧盟委员会呼吁成员国在推动司法培训、系统地发布知识产权判例和鼓励替代性纠纷解决方式（ADR）等方面需要付出更多努力。
o Encourage industry to fight IP infringements. Building on the positive experiences under theMemorandum of Understanding on the sale of counterfeitgoods via the internet, the Commission continues to support industry-led initiatives to combat IP infringements, including voluntary agreements on advertising on websites, on payment services and on transport and shipping. Such agreements can lead to faster action against counterfeiting and piracy than court actions. They complement recent Commission guidelines for online platforms to tackle illegal content.
o 鼓励各行业自主打击知识产权侵权。基于有关通过互联网销售假冒商品的“谅解备忘录”的积极经验，欧盟委员会继续支持各行业领导者打击知识产权侵权行为，包括在网络广告、支付服务和运输服务方面的自愿协议。与法院的强制措施相比，这样的协议可以更快地采取打击假冒伪劣的行动。它们是对欧盟委员会最近颁布的“处理网络平台上非法内容的指导意见”的一个补充。
o Reduce the volume of counterfeited products reaching the EU market. The Commission proposesto reinforce cooperation programmes with third countries (China, South-East Asia, Latin America) and create a watch-list of markets that are reported to engage in, or facilitate, substantial IPR infringement. The Commission will publish an updated report on IPR enforcement in third countries.The Commission will step up co-operation between EU customs authorities, notably by assessing the implementation of the EU Customs Action Plan on IP infringements for 2013-2017 and proposing more targeted assistance to national customs authorities.
o 减少进入欧盟市场的假冒产品的数量。欧盟委员会建议加强与第三国（中国，东南亚，拉丁美洲）的合作，并建立观察名单以报告那些参与或帮助实质性知识产权侵权活动的市场。欧盟委员会将会发布第三国知识产权执法的最新报告。欧委会打算加强欧盟海关当局之间的合作，特别是通过评估“2013-2017年欧盟海关关于知识产权侵权的行动计划”的执行情况，来向成员国海关部门提出更有针对性的援助。
Creating a fair and balanced system for Standard Essential Patents: Many key technologies that are part of global industry standards (such as WiFi or 4G) are protected by Standard Essential Patents (SEPs). Today the Commission offers guidance and recommendations for a balanced and efficient SEPs system where two objectives are reconciled: product manufacturers can access technologies under transparent and predictable licensing rules; and at the same time patent-holders are rewarded for their investments in R&D and standardisation activities so that they are incentivised to offer their best technologies for inclusion in standards. More transparency and predictability should give the EU – including its many start-ups – a head-start in the global technological innovation race and fully grasp the potential of 5G and the Internet of Things.
第二， 为标准必要专利创建一个公正、稳定的系统：
许多属于全球行业标准（如WiFi或4G）的关键技术受标准必要专利（SEPs）的保护。欧盟委员会对于建议一个平衡和高效的标准必要专利制度提出了指导和建议，在这一制度中，有两个目标需要取得和谐：一是产品制造商可以在透明和可预见的许可规则下获取技术；二是专利持有人在研发和标准化活动中的投资应得到回报，从而激励他们在标准中提供最好的技术。进一步的透明度和可预见性，将带给欧盟——包括大量创业公司——在全球技术创新竞赛中先行一步，充分把握5G和物联网的潜力。
The Commission will closely monitor the progress on the proposed measures and assess the need for further steps.
欧盟委员会将密切关注举措的进展情况和实施进一步举措的必要性。