中国范儿 63 北大荒：催人奋进的中国精神符号

中国的东北地区，素以物产丰饶而闻名，广袤的黑土地蕴藏了千万年间自然的精华。玉米、小麦、大豆等农作物源源不断的从这里出产，这里是中国最为重要的粮仓之一。然而就在东北之北，曾存在着大片荒芜地带，那里一度被形象的称为“北大荒”。70年间，经过几代人的辛勤开垦，昔日的不毛之地“北大荒”已变成了如今富饶的“北大仓”。

Northeast China is renowned for its abundant resources. For thousands of years, the black earth in this area absorbed nature's quintessence.Being China's important breadbasket, the northeastern region is a reliable source of corn, wheat, beans and other agricultural produces in the country. In the north part of China’s northeast, however, there was once a chunk of barren land, which got its nickname of Beidahuang, or the North Wasteland. Thanks to the tireless efforts of generations of workers in the last seven decades, this previous wasteland has become the breadbasket for China.

北大荒鸟瞰中国网图片库韩加君摄

北大荒地区北抵小兴安岭，东西分别是三江平原和松嫩平原。兴凯湖依傍其旁，完达山横贯其中，黑龙江、松花江、乌苏里江在此相汇。区域总面积5．53万平方公里，平均海拔54米，万分之一的坡降构成罕见的平坦地势。

Beidahuang reaches the Xiao Hinggan Mountains in the north, the Three River Plain in the east, and the Songnen Plain in the west. The Xingkai Lake lies at its periphery, and the Wanda Mountain stretches across it. Heilongjiang River, Songhuajiang River, and Wusulijiang River meet here. Covering a total area of 55300 square kilometers, it has an average altitude of 54 meters above the sea. With a gradient of only 0.0001, it is one of the flattest places on earth.

黑土富含有机质，肥力高、适合植物生长。北大荒地处世界三大黑土区之一的东北黑土区，黑土层厚达1米。人们常用“捏把黑土冒油花，插双筷子也发芽”来描述这里的富饶。

The black earth here is full of organic matter and thus highly fertile. It is the most suitable place to grow the plants. Beidahuang locates in the black earth area of northeast China, one of the three black earth areas in the world. The black earth here can be as thick as one meter. People often praise Beidahuang for its fertility, joking that even a pair of chopsticks can sprout on the fertile black earth.

几万年前，华夏先民就已在此渔猎耕作。成书于战国时代的《山海经•大荒北经》就描述了包括北大荒在内的东北大片区域的地理特征。但在历史上，肥沃的土地并没有给北大荒带来繁荣和富庶。曾经的北大荒，荆棘丛生、沼泽遍布、毒虫结阵、野兽成群。这里每年有三分之二的时间处在冰霜期，冬天寒冷而漫长，年均气温4.6℃，极端低温可达零下40℃。

As early as tens of thousands of years ago, Chinese ancestors have been fishing, hunting, and planting in today’s Beidahuang area. The Chapter of North Wilderness in the Classic of Mountains and Rivers, written during the Warring State Era, depicts the geographical features of the vast land of China’s northeast where Beidahuang locates. The fertile land of Beidahuang, however, did not generate wealth and prosperity in history. On the contrary, it was once rife with rampant weeds, swamps, poisonous insects, and dangerous beasts. The winter season at Beidahuang is freezing and long. The temperature here is below the freezing point for two-thirds of a year. Its average annual temperature is 4.6℃. Temperature can drop to as low as 40℃ below zero in the winter season.

开垦北大荒的历史，是一部“筚路蓝缕”的创业史。上世纪50年代，数万名解放军复员官兵、知识青年和革命干部，响应国家号召，怀着保卫边疆、建设边疆的豪情壮志来到“北大荒”。几代垦荒人脚踏荒原，爬冰卧雪，排干沼泽，战胜重重困难，在茫茫沼泽荒原上建起了一大批机械化国营农场群。把过去人迹罕至的“北大荒”，建设成为了美丽富饶的“北大仓”。

The development history of Beidahuang is full of painstaking efforts and sacrifice. In the 1950s, tens of thousands of PLA veterans, educated youth, and CPC cadres, responding to the call of the state, came to Beidahuang and dedicated themselves to defending and developing the border area. They and their offspring braved the barren land, weathered the ice and snow, drained out the swamps and endured immeasurable hardship. Thanks to their sacrifice, many state-owned modern farms emerged on this former wasteland. Beidahuang, once a place people rarely set feet on, is now the beautiful and bountiful breadbasket of China.

收割机正进行水稻收割作业新华社记者王凯摄

目前，北大荒耕地面积4300多万亩，粮食综合生产能力稳定在400亿斤以上，商品粮调出量约占中国各省粮食调出总和的四分之一。开垦初期，这里耕地靠人拉肩扛，喷洒农药是小药壶，收割则是小镰刀。如今北大荒早已实现农业机械化、信息化，成为我国农业现代化程度最高的地区之一。

Today, Beidahuang has more than 43 million mus of agricultural land, which produces over 20 billion kilograms of grains each year. It contributes one-quarter of the total cereal the country purchases each year. In the early days, people toiled the field manually. They used small pots to contain the pesticides and wielded the sickles to reap their crops. Now, Beidahuang has realized the mechanization and informationalizationof agriculture. It is one of the places in China that enjoy the highest level of agricultural modernization.

改造自然,求取生存发展，是人类文明进程中的永恒主题，勇敢的拓荒者的故事从古至今被所有的文明所传唱。开垦北大荒历史就是一部动人的创业史，几十年间形成的“艰苦奋斗，勇于开拓，顾全大局，无私奉献”的北大荒精神，成为激励几代中国人成长奋进的重要精神力量。“北大荒”也成为当代中国文化中一个独特的符号。

Making use of nature for survival and development purposes is the eternal theme in human civilization. The courage and stories of trailblazers have long been extolled by people of all cultures, both in the past and today. The development history of Beidahuang is full of touching stories. The whole country is amazed by the hard work, pioneering spirit, serving-the-country mentality and the sacrifice of the local people. Generations of Chinese got inspired by Beidahuang, which has become a special symbol in contemporary Chinese culture.

来源：中国网

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