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权威双语！《2021年美国侵犯人权报告》发布
2021年，劣迹斑斑的美国人权状况进一步恶化。政治操弄导致新冠肺炎死亡病例激增，枪击事件致死人数再创新高，虚假民主践踏民众政治权利，暴力执法让移民难民的处境更加艰难，针对少数族裔特别是亚裔的歧视攻击愈演愈烈。与此同时，美国单边主义行径在全球制造了新的人道灾难。
The human rights situation in the United States, which has notorious records, worsened in 2021. Political manipulation led to a sharp surge in COVID-19 deaths; Shooting deaths hit a new record; Fake democracy trampled on people's political rights; Violent law enforcement made life harder for migrants and refugees; Discrimination against ethnic minority groups, especially Asians, intensified. In the meantime, unilateral U.S. actions created new humanitarian crises across the globe.
A HEAVY PRICE FOR U.S. EPIDEMIC PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in the United States, the epidemic prevention and control has been highly politicized, which has become a tool and a bargaining chip for Republicans and Democrats to attack, reject and confront each other. U.S. politicians focused only on their political gains in disregard of people's lives and health.
据美国疾病控制和预防中心网站发布的数据，截至2021年底，还有近30%的美国人尚未接种新冠疫苗。
By the end of 2021, nearly 30 percent of Americans still had not been vaccinated, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
According to the analysis by researchers at the University of Southern California and Princeton University, the deaths caused by COVID-19 have reduced overall life expectancy by 1.13 years, the biggest drop since the Second World War. Life expectancy was estimated to fall by 2.10 years among African Americans and 3.05 years among Latinos, while the decline was 0.68 years among whites.
▌疫情失控导致民众心理健康恶化
People's mental health deteriorated due to the uncontrolled outbreak.
A study published in The Lancet Regional Health -- Americas in October 2021 found 32.8 percent of U.S. adults experienced "elevated depressive symptoms" in 2021, compared to 27.8 percent in the early 2020 months of the pandemic and 8.5 percent before the pandemic.
《华盛顿邮报》网站2021年12月7日报道，无家可归是美国面临的最大挑战之一，疫情期间这个问题已经席卷了大小城市。《纽约时报》网站2021年12月19日报道，旧金山每100名居民中就有一人无家可归。
The Washington Post reported on Dec. 7, 2021 that "homelessness is one of the United States' greatest current challenges, no matter the region." The New York Times reported on Dec. 19, 2021 that in San Francisco one of every 100 residents was homeless.
The elderly' rights to life are flagrantly violated.
The U.S. CDC said that the vast majority of U.S. COVID-19 deaths have been among people aged 65 or older. According to Stat News, an American health-oriented news website, more than half a million elderly people in the United States have died from COVID-19, accounting for four-fifths of all fatalities.
▌严重损害国际抗疫合作
Serious damage to the global anti-pandemic cooperation.
Washington vigorously pursues "America First," not only withholding anti-epidemic materials from other countries, but also prohibiting the export of domestic medical materials and buying out the production capacity of drugs that may be used to treat COVID-19 patients. The United States has repeatedly coerced the WHO, interfering and dragging down global anti-pandemic cooperation.
美国大搞“疫苗民族主义”，将一些不发达国家和地区推入“无苗可种”的绝望境地。
The United States has engaged in "vaccine nationalism," pushing some underdeveloped countries and regions into a desperate situation of having no vaccines to administer.
Since March 2021, the United States has thrown away at least 15 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine, significantly more than many poor countries have prepared for their whole populations, according to NBC News on Sept. 1, 2021.
ENTRENCHED VIOLENT THINKING THREATENS LIVES
▌社会治安恶化加速枪支泛滥
Deterioration of social order has accelerated the proliferation of guns.
The United States is the country with the largest number of privately owned guns in the world. The U.S. public have lost confidence in the government's social security governance and felt extremely insecure, which drives many to purchase guns to protect themselves.
▌枪支暴力严重危害民众生命安全
Gun violence seriously endangers people's lives.
The United States has the worst gun violence in the world. According to statistics released on Jan. 5, 2022 by the Gun Violence Archive website, the number of fatalities from shootings in the United States rose from 39,558 in 2019 to 43,643 in 2020, and further to 44,816 in 2021. In 2021, there were 693 mass shootings in the United States, up 10.1 percent from 2020.
《密尔沃基哨兵报》2021年10月5日报道，根据儿童保护基金会的数据，美国的儿童和青少年死于枪击的可能性比其他31个高收入国家的总和还要高15倍。
The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reported on Oct. 5, 2021 that children and teens in the United States are 15 times more likely to die from gunfire than their peers in 31 other high-income countries combined, quoting data from the Children's Defense Fund.
At least 30 shootings occurred on U.S. campuses during the school season from Aug. 1 to Sept. 15, 2021, killing at least five people and injuring 23, the highest number on record.
A total of 1,229 teens aged 12 to 17 were killed and 3,373 injured in shootings in the United States in 2021.
▌警察暴力执法草菅人命
Police brutality tramples human life.
据“警察暴力地图”网站数据统计，2021年美国至少有1124人死于警察暴力，大部分人都是在非暴力犯罪或没有犯罪行为的情形下被警察杀害。
According to data compiled by Mapping Police Violence, at least 1,124 people died in 2021 due to U.S. police violence. The majority of killings occurred during non-violent offenses or when there was no crime at all.
The USA TODAY website reported on June 21, 2021 that police in the United States fatally shoot about 1,000 people a year. Police have fatally shot more than 6,300 people since 2015, but only 91 officers have been arrested, or just 1 percent of those involved.
Human rights violations by prison staff are commonplace.
The United States has the highest incarceration rate and the highest number of incarcerated people in the world. An Associated Press investigation has found that the U.S. federal Bureau of Prisons is a hotbed of graft, corruption and abuse.
Since 2019, more than 100 U.S. federal prison staff members have been arrested and convicted of sexual abuse, murder and other offenses.
The credibility of the U.S. judicial system is in tatters.
According to statistics released by the U.S. National Registry of Exoneration on Jan. 11, 2022, 2,933 people have been wrongly convicted in the United States since 1989, with a combined 25,600 years of wrongly imposed prison sentences. However, 14 U.S. states lack legal provisions related to compensation for wrongful convictions.
《今日美国报》网站2021年7月8日报道，调查显示，只有17%的美国人认为刑事司法系统能够公正对待所有人。
The USA Today website reported on July 8, 2021, that a survey showed that only 17 percent of Americans believe the U.S. criminal justice system treats everyone fairly.
PLAYING WITH FAKE DEMOCRACY TRAMPLES ON POLITICAL RIGHTS
The American-style democracy has descended to a game of transferring interests.
Noam Chomsky, a political commentator and social activist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has pointed out that there is a positive correlation between Americans' wealth and their influence on policy-making, and for about 70 percent on the income-wealth scale, they have no influence on policy whatsoever and are effectively disenfranchised.
▌政治极化导致社会愈益撕裂
Political polarization leads to an increasingly divided U.S. society.
The American people are becoming more incompatible with each other over such issues as pandemic prevention and control, race relations, abortion rights and gun control, while the political struggle between Democrats and Republicans over infrastructure construction, social welfare bills, government debt ceiling and other legislation related to the economy and people's livelihood have become more intense, and the Congress has been nearly dysfunctional.
皮尤研究中心网站2021年10月13日报道，对17个发达经济体进行的调查结果显示，美国被视为政治极化最严重的国家，90%的美国受访者认为不同党派的支持者之间存在严重分歧，近六成美国受访者认为民众不仅在政策领域意见相左，在基本事实方面也难以达成共识。
▌政党对立压制损害选民投票权利
Confrontations between political parties restrain and harm electors' right to vote.
In order to win elections, Republicans and Democrats used legislation and gerrymander as well as other tactics to aggressively prevent voters who do not favor them from casting a ballot.
Gerrymander has become a tool to suppress the political influence of minority voters.
Gerrymander：改变选区；选区不公正的重新划分
皮尤研究中心2021年5月发布的调查数据显示，美国公众对政府的信任度接近1958年以来的历史低点，只有2%的美国人表示可以相信美国政府“几乎总是”做正确的事情，只有22%的美国人表示可以相信美国政府“大部分时间”做正确的事情。
《华盛顿邮报》网站2021年6月12日发表评论文章称，美国民主过去几年的混乱错乱和功能失调令世界震惊，成为盟友眼中一件破碎的废品。
In an opinion published on June 12, 2021, The Washington Post said that in the past few years the world has been horrified by the chaos, dysfunction and insanity of American democracy, which was seen by U.S. allies as a shattered and washed-up has-been.
INDULGING IN RACIAL DISCRIMINATION EXACERBATES SOCIAL INJUSTICE
▌亚裔面临日趋严重的歧视和暴力攻击
Asian Americans face increasingly severe discrimination and violent attacks.
纽约市警察局2021年12月8日发布的数据显示，该市2021年针对亚裔的仇恨犯罪比2020年猛增361%。《华盛顿邮报》网站2021年4月22日报道，皮尤研究中心的一项调查显示，81%的亚裔成年人认为针对亚裔群体的暴力行为正在增多。
Statistics released by the New York Police Department on Dec. 8, 2021 showed that anti-Asian hate crimes in the city rose by 361 percent from that of 2020. According to a report of The Washington Post on April 22, 2021, a Pew Research Center survey found that 81 percent of Asian adults said violence against the group was rising.
自2018年11月美国实施所谓的“中国行动计划”以来，华人科学家频繁遭受美国政府的无端骚扰、监控和打击，执法部门的各种恶劣、荒谬行径不断遭媒体曝光。
Since the implementation of the so-called "China Initiative" in November 2018, Chinese scientists have frequently been subjected to gratuitous harassment, monitoring and crackdown by the U.S. government. Vile and absurd acts of the U.S. law enforcement authorities have been constantly exposed by the media.
▌对穆斯林的欺凌和仇视有增无减
Discrimination and attacks against Muslims are on the rise.
彭博社2021年9月9日报道称，“9·11”事件后的20年间，美国对穆斯林的歧视呈上升趋势。
Bloomberg reported on Sept. 9, 2021 that over the past two decades since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, discrimination against Muslim Americans has surged.
A report published by the Council on American-Islamic Relations’ California chapter on Oct. 28, 2021 showed that more than half of the students surveyed across California said they do not feel safe at school because they are bullied for their Muslim heritage. That's the highest percentage the California chapter has documented since the survey started in 2013.
▌土著居民长期遭受惨无人道的种族迫害
The aborigines have long suffered cruel racial persecution.
美国侵犯土著居民权利的历史漫长而黑暗，包括印第安人在内的土著居民经历了血腥屠杀、野蛮驱逐和文化灭绝。
The United States has a long and dark history of violating the rights of indigenous people, including Indians, who have experienced bloody massacres, brutal expulsions and cultural genocide.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Navajo Nation, the Cherokee Nation, the Sioux Nation and other Native Americans have struggled with disease and poverty, which, however, has all been systematically ignored.
▌种族间的经济鸿沟持续扩大
The economic divide between races continues to widen.
There has been a long-term and systematic economic inequality between ethnic minority groups and the white population in the United States, which is manifested in various aspects such as employment and entrepreneurship, wages, and financial loans.
On July 30, 2021, USA Today reported on its website that a new Gallup poll showed that 59 percent Americans do not believe racial minorities have equal job opportunities.
Structural flaws in its system have led to increasing racial inequality in the United States.
2021年11月22日，联合国人权理事会少数群体问题特别报告员费尔南·德瓦雷纳表示，美国法律体系在结构设计上就对富人有利、为其提供豁免，而只惩罚穷人，特别是少数族裔，使得非洲裔、拉美裔等少数族裔不可避免地陷入贫困代际循环。
With a legal system that is structurally set up to advantage and forgive those who are wealthier, while penalizing those who are poorer, particularly minorities, minorities such as African Americans and Latino Americans in particular are crushed into a generational cycle of poverty, UN Special Rapporteur on minority issues Fernand de Varennes said on Nov. 22, 2021.
五、背离人道主义制造移民危机
CREATING A MIGRANT CRISIS AGAINST HUMANITY
▌寻求庇护者遭受暴力执法
Asylum seekers are subject to police brutality.
2021年，美国南部边境移民潮日益汹涌，边境执法人员以不断升级的暴力手段驱赶寻求庇护者或阻止其入境，导致人道主义危机持续加剧。美国边境执法部门公布的数据显示，2021财年，美国南部边境有高达557名移民死亡，比上一财年增长一倍多，创下1998年有记录以来的历史最高值。
In 2021, the humanitarian crisis continued to intensify as the southern border of the United States saw an increasing inflow of migrants, and border enforcement officers used increasingly violent means to expel or prevent asylum seekers from entering the country.
Data released by U.S. Border Patrol shows that in fiscal year 2021, as many as 557 migrants died on the southern border of the United States, more than double the previous fiscal year, hitting the highest number since records began in 1998.
▌移民儿童面临超期羁押与虐待
Immigrant children face prolonged detention and abuse.
美国有线电视新闻网2021年4月23日报道，美国海关和边境保护局还羁押着超过5000名无人陪伴的移民儿童，很多儿童的羁押时间都超出法定时限。
"There are more than 5,000 unaccompanied children in U.S. Customs and Border Protection custody," CNN reported on April 23, 2021. Many of them have been staying in custody for longer than the 72-hour limit set by federal law, it added.
"A stash of redacted documents released to the human rights group (Human Rights Watch) after six years of legal tussles uncover more than 160 cases of misconduct and abuse by leading government agencies, notably Customs and Border Protection and U.S. Border Patrol," The Guardian reported on Oct. 11, 2021. "The papers record events between 2016 and 2021 that range from child sexual assault to enforced hunger, threats of rape and brutal detention conditions."
▌羁押移民的私营拘留设施条件恶劣
Conditions in private detention facilities where migrants are held are poor.
Most of the detention facilities in the United States are built and operated by private companies. In order to reduce operating costs and maximize profits, private companies generally build in accordance with the minimum standards contracted with the government, resulting in poor detention facilities and a harsh internal environment. A lack of supervision has led to chaotic management of the detention facilities and repeated violations of human rights, while detainees suffered varying degrees of physical and mental health damage.
▌不少移民成为美国人口贩运和强迫劳动的受害者
Many immigrants are victims of human trafficking and forced labor in the United States.
美国移民政策收紧，加之国内监管不力，加剧了针对移民的人口贩运和强迫劳动现象。美联社2021年12月10日报道，多年来，偷渡至美国的移民被迫长期在农场干苦力，生活在肮脏、拥挤的拖车里，缺少食物，也没有干净的饮用水，同时还遭受监管者的暴力威胁。这些劳工的身份和旅行证件被扣留，无法寻求帮助逃离困境。
A report by AP on Dec. 10, 2021 said that for years, immigrants who smuggled into the U.S. have been forced to work long hours on farms, living in filthy, overcrowded trailers, lacking food and clean drinking water, and facing threats of violence from regulators. The workers' IDs and travel documents were withheld, which limits their ability to seek help to escape their predicament.
▌对移民排斥越来越走向极端
Exclusion of immigrants becomes more and more extreme.
移民政策摇摆不定、前后矛盾、罔顾人权，是导致边境危机和移民境遇悲惨的主因，折射出美国政府移民政策深受极端排外主义影响。
The immigration policy, that is wavering, inconsistent and often disregards human rights, is the main cause of border crisis and immigrants' tragedy. The situation reflects that the policy is deeply affected by extreme xenophobia.
The U.S. government hopes to deter illegal border crossing through tough law enforcement, which has made it more difficult for illegal immigrants to enter the country, resulting in them being forced to cross more dangerous areas. The situation in turn creates a larger humanitarian crisis.
ABUSE OF FORCE AND SANCTIONS VIOLATES HUMAN RIGHTS IN OTHER COUNTRIES
▌“反恐”造成大量平民丧生
The U.S. war on terror has killed millions of people.
持续的战争与动荡导致阿富汗近三分之一人口沦为难民，350万阿富汗人因冲突而流离失所，近2300万人面临极端饥饿，其中有320万名5岁以下儿童。
The ongoing war and instability have made nearly a third of the Afghan population refugees. A total of 3.5 million Afghans have been displaced by the conflict, and nearly 23 million face extreme hunger, including 3.2 million children under the age of five.
Unilateral sanctions affect negatively people of other countries.
Alena Douhan, UN Special Rapporteur on Negative Impact of Unilateral Coercive Measures on Human Rights, highlighted the sanctions' devastating impact on all of Venezuela's population, as well as on their enjoyment of human rights.
On June 23, 2021, the UN General Assembly voted in favor of a resolution for the 29th consecutive year to call on the United States to end embargo on Cuba and start dialogue to improve bilateral ties with the country.
▌关塔那摩监狱再曝酷刑丑闻
The Guantanamo Bay prison has been the scene of repeated torture scandals.
The experts urged the U.S. to close the Guantanamo Bay prison. They also called for reparations to be made for tortured and arbitrarily detained prisoners, and for those who authorized and engaged in torture to be held accountable, as required under international law.
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