10.1 孔子于乡党，恂（xūn）恂如也，似不能言者。其在宗庙朝廷，便便（pián）言，唯谨尔。朝，与下大夫言，侃侃如也；与上大夫言，訚訚（yín）如也。君在，踧踖(cùjí)如也，与与如也。
Confucius, in his village, looked simple and sincere, and as if he were not able to speak.
When he was in the prince's ancestral temple, or in the court, he spoke minutely on every point, but cautiously. When he was waiting at court, in speaking with the great officers of the lower grade, he spoke freely, but in a straightforward manner; in speaking with those of the higher grade, he did so blandly, but precisely.
生活中的孔子，温和恭顺，像不会说话的样子。在宗庙里朝廷之上很善于言辞，只是言谈谨慎罢了。上朝的时候，与比自己官位低的人交谈，显得温和而又快乐；与比自己官位高的人交谈，就显得正直而恭敬。国君在的时候，就显得很不安，但又仪态适中。
【解读】人与人交往的过程中，语态、语调、语气都折射着一个人的智慧和涵养。于不同的人交往所体现出来的风度也应该不一样。
10.2 君召使摈（bīn），色勃如也，足躩(jué)如也。揖所与立，左右手，衣前后，襜(chān)如也。趋进，翼如也。宾退，必复命曰：“宾不顾矣。”
When the ruler was present, his manner displayed respectful uneasiness; it was grave, but self-possessed.
When the prince called him to employ him in the reception of a visitor, his countenance appeared to change, and his legs to move forward with difficulty.
He inclined himself to the other officers among whom he stood, moving his left or right arm, as their position required, but keeping the skirts of his robe before and behind evenly adjusted.
He hastened forward, with his arms like the wings of a bird.When the guest had retired, he would report to the prince, "The visitor is not turning round any more."
国君召见孔子让他去接待宾客，孔子总是脸色庄重，脚步轻快。向和他一起站立迎接宾客的人作揖，向左向右拱手，衣服随之前后摆动，却整齐不乱。快步向前的时候，就像鸟儿展开翅膀一样。宾客走了之后，他一定向国君回报说：“客人已经走了，不再回来了。”
【解读】这一章体现的是孔子接待宾客时的容貌、动作和神态。
10.3 入公门，鞠躬如也，如不容。立不中门，行不履阈(yù)。过位，色勃如也，足躩如也，其言似不足者。摄齐(zī)升堂，鞠躬如也，屏气似不息者。出，降一等，逞颜色，怡怡如也。没阶，趋进，翼如也。复其位，踧踖如也。
When he entered the palace gate, he seemed to bend his body, as if it were not sufficient to admit him.When he was standing, he did not occupy the middle of the gateway; when he passed in or out, he did not tread upon the threshold.
When he was passing the vacant place of the prince, his countenance appeared to change, and his legs to bend under him, and his words came as if he hardly had breath to utter them.
He ascended the reception hall, holding up his robe with both his hands, and his body bent; holding in his breath also, as if he dared not breathe.When he came out from the audience, as soon as he had descended one step, he began to relax his countenance, and had a satisfied look. When he had got the bottom of the steps, he advanced rapidly to his place, with his arms like wings, and on occupying it, his manner still showed respectful uneasiness.
孔子进入宫门的时候谨慎而恭敬的样子，就像没有容身之地。不站在门中间，也不踩着门槛。经过国君的位置时，脸色庄重，脚步轻快，说话的时候好像中气不足的样子。提起衣服的下摆上堂的时候，恭敬谨慎，屏气像不呼吸一样。退出来，走下一级台阶，脸色便舒展了，显出轻松愉快的样子。下完台阶，快步向前走的时候，就像鸟儿展开翅膀那样。回到自己的位置，又是恭敬不安的样子。
【解读】这一章记载的是孔子在朝中晋拜君王时的动作行为和神态。
10.4 执圭，鞠躬如也，如不胜。上如揖，下入授，勃如战色，足蹜蹜（sù）如有循。享礼，有容色。私觌(dí)，愉愉如也。
When he was carrying the scepter of his ruler, he seemed to bend his body, as if he were not able to bear its weight. He did not hold it higher than the position of the hands in making a bow, nor lower than their position in giving anything to another. His countenance seemed to change, and look apprehensive, and he dragged his feet along as if they were held by something to the ground.
In presenting the presents with which he was charged, he wore a placid appearance. At his private audience, he looked highly pleased.
（出使别国的时候）举着圭，恭敬谨慎的样子，就好像举不动。举在上面的时候像作揖，放在下面时像是递给人东西，脸色战战兢兢，脚步细小像是沿着一条线走一样。赠送礼物的时候，满脸和气。以私人身份会见的时候，就很轻松愉快。
【解读】这一章记载的是孔子在外交礼仪上的行为表现。
10.5 君子不以绀緅（gàn zōu）饰，红紫不以为亵(xiè)服。当暑，袗絺綌(zhěn xì chī)，必表而出之。缁衣，羔裘；素衣，麑裘；黄衣，狐裘。亵裘长，短右袂。必有寝衣，长一身有半。狐貉之厚以居。去丧，无所不佩。非帷裳，必杀之。羔裘玄冠不以吊。吉月，必朝服而朝。
The superior man did not use a deep purple, or a puce color, in the ornaments of his dress.
Even in his undress, he did not wear anything of a red or reddish color. In warm weather, he had a single garment either of coarse or fine texture, but he wore it displayed over an inner garment.
Over lamb's fur he wore a garment of black; over fawn's fur one of white;
and over fox's fur one of yellow. The fur robe of his undress was long, with the right sleeve short. He required his sleeping dress to be half as long again as his body.
When staying at home, he used thick furs of the fox or the badger. When he put off mourning, he wore all the appendages of the girdle.
His undergarment, except when it was required to be of the curtain shape,was made of silk cut narrow above and wide below. He did not wear lamb's fur or a black cap on a visit of condolence. On the first day of the month he put on his court robes, and presented himself at court.
孔子不用青透红或黑里透红的颜色做衣领的镶边，不用红紫色的布做家居时穿的便服。夏天，穿粗的或细的麻布单衣时，一定穿在内衣的外面。黑色的罩衣配子羔皮衣；白色的罩衣配麑裘衣；黄色的罩衣配狐裘衣。在家穿的棉皮衣做得长一些，右边的袖子短一些。一定要有睡衣，有一身半长。用狐貉的厚毛皮做坐垫。服丧期间除外，衣带上没有什么不能佩戴的装饰品。除上朝和祭祀时穿的礼服外，其他的衣服一定要剪裁掉多余的布。紫羔衣和黑色的帽子都不在吊丧时穿着。大年初一，一定要穿着上朝的礼服去朝见君主。
【解读】这一章记载的是孔子的穿着服饰。大家不要不注意穿着服饰，这也是一门很大的学问，需要我们学习，服饰是人与人交往中的基本礼仪。
When fasting, he thought it necessary to have his clothes brightly clean and made of linen cloth. When fasting, he thought it necessary to change his food, and also to change the place where he commonly sat in the apartment.
斋戒的时候，沐浴前一定要准备好用布做的浴衣。斋戒的时候一定要改变日常的饮食，迁移卧室。
【解读】古人重视斋戒，这一章谈的就是斋戒时的注意事项。
10.7 食不厌精，脍不厌细。食饐（yì）而餲(ài)，鱼馁而肉败，不食。色恶，不食。臭恶，不食。失饪，不食。不时，不食。割不正，不食。不得其酱，不食。肉虽多，不使胜食气。唯酒无量，不及乱。沽酒市脯，不食。不撤姜食，不多食。
He did not dislike to have his rice finely cleaned, nor to have his mince meat cut quite small.
He did not eat rice which had been injured by heat or damp and turned sour, nor fish or flesh which was gone. He did not eat what was discolored, or what was of a bad flavor, nor anything which was ill-cooked, or was not in season.
He did not eat meat which was not cut properly, nor what was served without its proper sauce.
Though there might be a large quantity of meat, he would not allow what he took to exceed the due proportion for the rice. It was only in wine that he laid down no limit for himself, but he did not allow himself to be confused by it.
He did not partake of wine and dried meat bought in the market. He was never without ginger when he ate. He did not eat much.
吃的粮食舂得越精细越好，鱼和肉不要怕切细了。饭变味，鱼和肉腐烂了，都不吃。颜色不好，不吃。味道难闻，不吃。烹调不当，不吃。不合时令的东西，不吃。不是按照正规方法割的肉，不吃。没有适当的调味品，不吃。肉虽然多，但吃的量不能超过米饭。只有酒没有限量，但不能喝醉乱性。从小摊上买来的酒和干肉，不吃。不撤掉姜碟，不多吃。
【解读】这一章记载了孔子对饮食的看法。饮食涉及了健康与养生，所以孔子一贯重视饮食。
10.8 祭于公，不宿肉。祭肉不出三日，出三日，不食之矣。
When he had been assisting at the prince's sacrifice, he did not keep the flesh which he received overnight. The flesh of his family sacrifice he did not keep over three days. If kept over three days, people could not eat it.
参加国君祭祀得来的肉，不能留到第二天。自己家里的祭肉，存放不能超过三天。超过三天，就不能吃了。
【解读】这一章说的是对用于祭祀的肉该如何处理的问题。
When eating, he did not converse. When in bed, he did not speak.吃饭的时候不说话，睡觉的时候不交谈。
【解读】有人说孔子的这句话说指的是祭祀期间的做法，有一定的道理。这样作为的是体现庄严肃穆。
Although his food might be coarse rice and vegetable soup, he would offer a little of it in sacrifice with a grave, respectful air.
即使吃的是粗饭、菜汤，要吃的时候也要祭一祭，并且祭的时候要表情严肃认真。
【解读】这里说的是能够吃上粗茶淡饭，也要感谢自然的赐予。
If his mat was not straight, he did not sit on it.
不是自己该坐的位置，不要坐。
【解读】这句话仔细琢磨很有意思，很多人认为是席位不端正不坐下。我倒以为说的是赴宴的时候要分清主宾的位置依次落座，不要坐在自己不该坐的位置。古人在宴饮中，很注意长幼的座次区别。我们今天也是这样，都要把做尊贵的位置让给长者或领导来坐，就是这个道理。
When the villagers were drinking together, upon those who carried staffs going out, he also went out immediately after.
同本乡人一起宴饮，要等到年长者走后，自己再走。
【解读】这一章说的还是宴饮时的礼节。体现对长者的尊重，这是年轻人的基本礼节。现实生活中也应该注意。
When the villagers were going through their ceremonies to drive away pestilential influences, he put on his court robes and stood on the eastern steps.
乡里人迎神驱鬼，就穿上朝服站在东边的台阶上。
【解读】本章记载乡人驱逐疫鬼的祭祀活动。钱穆的《中国历代政治得失》一书记载说，古代的住宅，东偏是祠堂，即庙，西偏是家屋，即寝。古代的家庭，最重要的，可说不是活人是死人，祭祖自属大事。
When he was sending complimentary inquiries to any one in another state, he bowed twice as he escorted the messenger away.
托人向在其他地方朋友问候，在送别受托者的时候，一定要一拜再拜。
【解读】托朋友办事一定要表示谢意，这也是交往和总要注意的事情。
10.15 康子馈药，拜而受之，曰：“丘未达，不敢尝。”
Chi K'ang having sent him a present of physic, he bowed and received it, saying, "I do not know it. I dare not taste it."
季康子赠送药时，拜谢之后接受了，说：“我对这药性不了解，不敢尝。”
【解读】这是生活中的小事和细节，我们注意孔子是怎么处理的就可以了。
10.16 厩焚。子退朝，曰：“伤人乎？”不问马。
The stable being burned down, when he was at court, on his return he said, "Has any man been hurt?" He did not ask about the horses.
马圈失火了。孔子上朝回来听说后问：“伤着人了吗？”不问马。
【解读】这一章体现了孔子对人的生命的敬重。
10.17 君赐食，必正席先尝之。君赐腥，必熟而荐之。君赐生，必畜之。侍食于君，君祭，先饭。
When the he would adjust his mat, first taste it, and then give it away to others. When the prince sent him a gift of undressed meat, he would have it cooked, and offer it to the spirits of his ancestors. When the prince sent him a gift of a living animal, he would keep it alive. When he was in attendance on the prince and joining in the entertainment, the prince only sacrificed. He first tasted everything.
国君赐给吃的，一定要先摆正席子尝一尝。国君赐给生肉，一定要煮熟了供奉祖先。国君赐给活物，一定要饲养起来。陪侍君主吃饭，在国君祭祀的时候，自己先替国君尝一尝。
When he was ill and the prince came to visit him, he had his head to the east, made his court robes be spread over him, and drew his girdle across them.孔子生病，国君来探视的时候，他头朝东躺着，身上盖着朝服，再把大带子加在礼服上拖垂下来。
When the prince's order called him, without waiting for his carriage to be yoked, he went at once.
国君召见，不等驾好车就先步行走了。
When he entered the ancestral temple of the state, he asked about everything.
孔子进了太庙，什么事都问一问。
【解读】需要体会与此前出现的同一句话的不同含义。
When any of his friends died, if he had no relations offices, he would say, "I will bury him."朋友死了，没有人收殓，孔子说：“丧事就由我来办吧。”
【解读】与朋友交往，不但要善始，也该善终。此外也体现了孔子的大爱精神。
When a friend sent him a present, though it might be a carriage and horses, he did not bow. The only present for which he bowed was that of the flesh of sacrifice.
朋友赠送的礼物，即使是车马，只要不是祭肉，接受的时候也不拜。
In bed, he did not lie like a corpse. At home, he did not put on any formal deportment.
睡觉时不像尸体一样直挺着，平日在家的时候不必像参加祭祀和接待宾客那样严肃庄重。
【解读】这是孔子认为的坐卧之礼。我以为睡觉也有美感的问题，而平日居家是要放松心灵的时间，无需紧张严肃。
10.24 见齐衰者，虽狎，必变。见冕者与瞽者，虽亵，必以貌。凶服者式之。式负版者，有盛馔，必变色而作。迅雷风烈，必变。
When he saw any one in a mourning dress, though it might be an acquaintance, he would change countenance; when he saw any one wearing the cap of full dress, or a blind person, though he might be in his undress, he would salute him in a ceremonious manner. To any person in mourning he bowed forward to the crossbar of his carriage; he bowed in the same way to any one bearing the tables of population. When he was at an entertainment where there was an abundance of provisions set before him, he would change countenance and rise up. On a sudden clap of thunder, or a violent wind, he would change countenance.
看见穿丧服的人，即使关系很亲密，也一定改变表情，表示哀悼。看见戴着礼帽的官员和盲人，即使很熟悉，也一定要很礼貌。在车上遇到穿丧服的人，一定要微微俯身，手扶着车前的横木。遇见背负国家地图的人，也这样做，有丰盛的菜肴，一定要改变神色，站立起来致谢。遇到疾雷大风，也一定要改变神色。
10.25 升车，必正立，执绥。车中，不内顾，不疾言，不亲指。
When he was about to mount his carriage, he would stand straight, holding the cord.When he was in the carriage, he did not turn his head quite round, he did not talk hastily, he did not point with his hands.
上车时，一定要端正地站好，拉着扶手带上车。在车里不回头看，不大声说话，不用手指指点点。
【解读】孔子对乘车有很严格的要求。为的是安全和礼貌。
10.26 色斯举矣，翔而后集。曰：“山梁雌雉，时哉时哉！”子路共之，三嗅而作。
Seeing the countenance, it instantly rises. It flies round, and by and by settles. The Master said, "There is the hen-pheasant on the hill bridge. At its season! At its season!" Tsze-lu made a motion to it. Thrice it smelt him and then rose.
雌雉看到人的脸色变了，就飞向天空，盘旋一会就又停在一处。孔子说：“山上的这些雌雉，很懂得变化呀！”子路向它们拱手，它们就又振振翅膀飞走了。”
【解读】这一章我以为总括全篇，说的是待人接物、日常生活的礼节要因时、因地、因人而动。
《论语》Confucian Analects (7) 述而第七
《论语》Confucian Analects (8) 泰伯第八
《论语》Confucian Analects (9) 子罕第九
《千字文》双语
《弟子规》双语
《孙子兵法》 The Art of War
《大学》 The Great Learning
《三字经》英文版神翻译，美哭了！