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张向晨：现任中华人民共和国常驻世界贸易组织代表、特命全权大使。
H.E. ZHANG Xiangchen, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of China to the WTO.
Scott, Richard, Dennis and other dear colleagues,我很高兴受邀参加今天的视频研讨会，也很遗憾因为COVID-19疫情不能按原计划请大家到日内瓦面对面进行交流。这种境况恰好反映了当前中美关系的特点：处于非常困难的状态，但同时依然十分重要，依然是各方关注的焦点。It is a pleasure for me to participate in today's Online Roundtable, though I do feel bad for not being able to see all of you here in Geneva and have a face-to-face discussion as originally scheduled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. I would say that the roundtable today, to some extent, shares similarities with the current Sino-US Relations: both are in a difficult situation, but at the same time important enough to keep everyone’s attention.近来，我在中国和美国的一些朋友，包括我的老师、同学都对中美关系发表了一些悲观的看法。我不想说，我和他们的观点不一致，因为他们的很多分析是客观的。我只想说，如果我们不采取切实的努力，那些悲观的看法注定会变成现实，从而给中美两国人民乃至全世界带来非常消极的后果。Lately, some of my friends from China and the US, including my schoolmates and teachers, have expressed pessimistic views and projections on the Sino-US relations. I don’t want to say that mine is much different, since many of their arguments are indeed factual. However, what I want to highlight here today is that those projections will become a reality if no concrete efforts are made to address the challenges, and the people of both nations as well as the rest of the world will have to suffer the consequences.过去我在北京工作时，经常和甘思德先生一起参加中美战略经济对话和商贸联委会。我们总是说，经贸关系是中美关系的“压舱石”，美国同事则喜欢称其为中美关系之“锚”。不管是“锚”还是“压舱石”，都是起稳定性作用的。我喜欢用“压舱石”，因为它不是使船停下来，而是让船行稳致远。现在，由于两国贸易关系紧张，这种观点受到了挑战。但我并没有改变我的看法，经贸关系仍然是中美关系各领域中最具稳定性特点的因素，因为贸易可以交换，可以谈判，可以实现双方互取所需。Scott and I met many times when I worked on the Sino-US SED and JCCT in Beijing. We often use the term “ballast” to describe the commercial relationship between the two countries. My US colleagues on the other hand, like to call it the “anchor”. Either way, it is meant for stabilization. I personally prefer “ballast”, because the “ballast” does not stop the ship, rather it helps the ship sail far and steady. Although now the metaphor is being challenged due to trade tensions, I still believe that our economic and trade relationship is still the most stable factor in all areas of the bilateral relations. Because in trade, we can negotiate, make tradeoffs, where both sides can get what they need.当然，“可以”并不代表“必然”，中美贸易摩擦反映了全球化条件下双边经贸关系的复杂性。在这种复杂性面前，原来的“压舱石”显得分量不够了。正确的做法不是抛弃它，而是根据形势的变化，不断增强中美经济联系在全球价值链上的致密性和坚韧性，扩大受益面并提高参与方的受益程度。应对COVID-19疫情，至少在医疗产品和医疗服务产业链方面展示了双方合作的可能性和必要性。根据WTO4月初的一份报告，中美分别是全球医疗产品的主要进口国和出口国，两国医疗产品进口达到全球的25%，个人防护用品以及呼吸机的出口分别占全球的27.4%和26%，因此中美两国率先垂范，加强合作，对于帮助其他各国，特别是那些能力较弱的发展中国家尽快渡过这段困难时期具有重大意义，这也是我们作为世界最大的两个经济体所应承担的历史责任。Of course, "we can" does not necessarily mean "we will". The current Sino-US trade friction highlights the complexity of our economic and trade relations in the globalized world, which demonstrates that the "ballast" we had simply is not enough. In my view, the right approach is not to abandon it, but rather to adjust to the change by increasing the density and tenacity of our economic ties in the global value chain, bringing more benefits to more parties. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we do see the necessity and possibility of cooperation in at least areas such as medical products and services. According to a WTO report published in early April, China and the US are both main importer and exporter of global medical products. The medical product imports of China and the US account for 25% of the world's total, and the two countries’ exports of PPE and ventilators account for 27.4% and 26% respectively. Therefore, China and the US are able to lead the way, making a real difference through cooperation to help each other and provide assistance to others, especially the most vulnerable ones. This is also the historic responsibility the two countries should bear, as the two largest economies in the world.WTO不久前还发布了贸易预测报告，总干事说数字是“丑陋”的。全球贸易下滑没有哪个国家受益，只有通过共同努力，维持产业链的开放和稳定，才能减少各自的损失。当然，多边贸易体制需要做的和能够做的远不止这些。双层的、独立的、公正的争端解决机制需要维护。渔业补贴谈判需要尽快完成，中国已准备好与其他补贴国一起为世界渔业可持续发展做出实质性贡献。投资便利化议题参加方已达101个，作为发起方中国会继续积极推动。电子商务谈判已进入实质性阶段，中国也已提交了三份提案。WTO必须改革，改革的正确方向是促进世界贸易投资自由化便利化进程，帮助发展中国家实现工业化目标。改革只能务实推动，切忌好高骛远。那些超越WTO职能、干预成员自身经济管理权限的倡议不会产生任何积极的结果。The WTO also released its trade forecast recently. The Director General said the figures were "ugly". No one will benefit from the decline of global trade. Only by keeping the global supply chain open and stable through joint efforts, can we cut losses. Of course, the multilateral trading system can do more than this, and it needs to do more. Just to name a few: A two-tier, independent and fair dispute settlement mechanism needs to be maintained, and China will continue to pursue this goal; the negotiation on fishery subsidies needs to be concluded as soon as possible, where China stands ready to make substantial contributions together with others; the positive momentum of Investment Facilitation Initiative with already 101 participating members needs to be kept, and as one of proponents, China will continue to push it forward with a view to delivering concrete outcome; the negotiation on E-commerce needs to be accelerated, and China has tabled three proposals and is committed to making further contributions. In a nutshell, the WTO must make necessary reform in a pragmatic and incremental manner. I would like to work together with ambassador Shea and others to promote this process, and the right path is the further liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment, while helping developing countries achieve industrialization and development. But I have to say in this process, the efforts that going beyond the WTO’s authority and trying to interfere with members' economic sovereignty will not bear fruit.和大家一样，我的工作和生活也因疫情受到了较大影响，近来我的活动主要囿于官邸的院子，每天在院子里的橡树下来回踱步。院子里有两种生物经常引起我的注意，一是立在橡树枝头上的隼，一是橡树下的蚁群。隼总是站在最高处，目光远大而犀利；蚁群则每天在不停地搬运，勤奋而执着。也许，避免中美关系的恶化，也需要具有这两种特征的人。Recently, like everyone else, my daily life has also been affected by the pandemic. My exercises lately are reduced to the shortwalks around an oak tree in my yard. Two things caught my attention: a falcon on a branch, and a group of ants under the tree. Days passed, the falcon always stands at the top, with sharp eyesand great vision; the ants are moving things around every single day, diligently and persistently. Perhaps, in order to avoid the deterioration of Sino-US relations, we also need those two kinds of people.鲍德温教授是日内瓦我认识的眼光最远大的人，当我们还在为眼前的一些纷扰纠结，他写的《大融合》已为我们描绘出未来全球化演变的清晰图景，特别是全球化将随着科技发展进入新阶段的判断，为我们迎接新挑战、作出与时俱进的政策应对提供了很好的参考。Professor Baldwin is the most visionary person I know in Geneva. While we are struggling with disturbances in front of us, his book "The Great Convergence" has already painted a clear picture of the future evolution of globalization. In particular, his theory that globalization will enter into a new phase following the development of technology, provided us a good reference for our policy responses addressing new challenges.我在中美两国有许多朋友，无论在商界还是在学界，长期致力于中美两国的合作和交流。在一片“脱钩”的喧嚣声中，他们仍然埋头穿梭于两国的商业项目和研究项目中，用自身的努力夯实两国关系的基础，并为建设性的未来做着艰难的探索。我做不了鲍德温先生那样的隼，也当不了每天搬运的蚂蚁，但我愿意给劲隼以热烈的赞美，为蚁群鼓劲加油。I also have many friends in businesses and academia, who have been working their whole life for the cooperation between the two countries. Even with all the fuss about "decoupling", those people keep plugging away at the commercial or research projects of the two countries, making their efforts to stablize the foundation of the bilateral relations, striving for a bright future. Although I can't become a falcon like Professor Baldwin, nor can I be the diligent working ants like many friends of mine, but I am going to give my applause to our visionaries and a great cheer for the people who make it happen. 我向大家保证，当疫情过后，我会再请大家来日内瓦。在新落成的由瑞士著名建筑设计师班达汉先生设计的中国代表团会议中心，面对美丽的雪山湖泊，分享大家的研究成果，也期盼那时中美关系和世界贸易体系的发展能够出现希望的曙光。When the crisis passes, I promise another gathering like this, but in face-to-face format in Geneva. I want to invite all of you to come to the newly-constructed conference center at the Chinese Mission, designed by the famous Swiss architect Mr. Bendahan, facing the beautiful lake and mountains, where we will share the latest findings and results of your research. Hopefully by then the dawn of hope has already appeared for the Sino-US relations and the multilateral trading system.I wish the seminar a success. Stay safe and healthy. 来源/海南国际经济发展局 本文是张向晨大使在“中美关系与世界贸易体系”研讨会上的致辞
责编/王若寒 审校/赵银平 监制/李雨思
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