B1U1课文及语言点

新世纪大学英语综合教程第一册   

B1U1 Text A课文

Working towards academicexcellence constitutes one of the most important parts of college life and isthe goal of most college students. Straight-A students, in this respect, can beof great help by sharing their secrets in achieving academic excellence. Readthe following text to find out what some of these secrets are.

Secrets of Straight-A Students

1    A professor of education who has conducted major studies of super-achieving students revealed that top grades do not always go to the brightest students. According to him, other education experts and top students themselves, it is far more important for astudent to know how to make the most of his or her innate abilities.

2    The studentsat the top of the class attain academic excellence by mastering a few basic principles that others can easily learn. To begin with,top students know how to set their priorities right. Study time is never compromised for phone calls, television programmes or snacks. In other words, it is always placed above recreation. In addition, top students makea point of studying anywhere or everywhere. A top student who is also atop athlete memorises biology terms as he works out every day. Another studentlearns a new word every morning while brushing his teeth. Among all thestudents interviewed, every one agreed that study times are strictly a matterof personal preference. Some thrive at night when all is silent. Others preferto study as soon as they come home from school when the lessons are fresh intheir minds. However, all agreed that consistency is a main factor if one is toperform well at all times.

3    A student must also learn to be organised.For example, a top student who is actively involvedin his school band, track and field, rugby association and debate team disclosed that he keeps his things in their proper places because he simply cannot afford time-wasting searches. Another student immediately files the day’s notes in colour-coded folders so thatthey are available for review nearing examination time. Another technique advocated by top students is to read effectively. Thisincludes speed-reading, improving one’s memory or retention ability, andactively asking questions that will lead to a full understanding of the author’s message.

4    It is also important for students to knowhow to schedule their time. They must know howto pace each assignment or project according to their daily timetable and workability so that they might not be overwhelmed by the tasks at hand. Being able to set timetables not only allows students more time to review and polish their work, it also prevents them from procrastinating. Top students believe that a secret of their success is the taking down of good notes during lessons and using them for revision. One student revealed that she writes notes from the text on one side of her notebook and those from her teachers’ lectures on the other side. This allows her to review bothaspects of each lesson at once. The student also revealed that instead of wasting time whispering to friends and getting ready to rush out of the class just before the bell rings, she uses those few minutes to jot down a two or three-sentence summary of the lesson’s principal points. She then scans thenotes to refresh her memory before the nextday’s class.

5    Another winning formula which teachers promote lies in astudent’s ability to hand in neat work. Accordingto one professor, the student who turns in neat work is already on the way to scoring an A. In the classroom context, it is equally important for students tospeak up and ask questions. This is perhaps the best way for a student to clarify any doubts.Classroom participation also demonstrates a student’s intellectual curiosity. As a student concisely puts it, “Better grades come from better understanding.”

6    The value of studying together was demonstrated in an experiment conducted at one top university. The studyrevealed that students who discussed homework and problems together, trieddifferent approaches and explained theirsolutions to one another scored higher than those who laboured on their own. The experiment also illuminated the value of hypothetical tests conducted among the students and on their own. This means that students frame tentative test questions basedon their notes and give each other or themselves written examinationsthe day before a test. Experts confirmed thatstudents who devise possible test questions often find many of the samequestions during the real examination and thus score higher.

7    Another technique employed by top studentsis to do more than the assigned homework. A student revealed that if herteacher gives five problems, she will undertaketen. In the student’s words, “Part of learning is practising. The more youpractise, the more you learn.” Last but not least, all experts and top studentsagree that the most important “secret”of super-achievers lies in the crucial contribution by parents. From infancy,super-achievers were taught the importance of learning by their parents. The latter set high standards for their children and held them to those standards.They encouraged their children in their studies but did not undertake the workfor them. Instead of pressuring their children,these parents were always loving, gentle and took pains to explain and motivate. They impressed the lessons of responsibility on their children, and the children delivered. 

参考译文

优等生的秘诀

1  一位研究教育的老师针对成绩优异的学生做过重点研究，发现最聪明的学生不见得总能得高分。根据这位教授、其他教育专家以及优等生们自己的观点，懂得如何充分发挥自己的潜能对于学生来说更为重要。

2  在班上名列前茅的学生之所以学习优秀，是因为他们掌握了几个人人都可以轻易学到的基本原则。

首先，优等生知道如何决定轻重缓急。他们从来不会为了打电话、看电视或者吃零食而牺牲学习时间。换言之，学习总是摆在娱乐之前。另外，优等生们总是注意随时随地学习。有位成绩优异的学生同时也是优秀的运动员，每天利用户外训练时间背生物学术语。而另一位学生则利用每天早上刷牙时间记一个新单词。所有受访的学生无一例外都认为，在什么时间学习完全是个人偏好问题。有些人在夜深人静时学习效果最好，有些人则喜欢趁着自己还能清晰地记得上课所讲的内容，一放学回家就开始学习。尽管如此，所有优等生都一致认为，如果想任何时候都表现优秀，一个主要的因素就是要持之以恒。

3学生还必须学会有条理。举个例子，有一位优等生在学校乐队、田径队、橄榄球协会和辩论小组里都很活跃。他透露，他之所以把东西放得井井有条是因为他浪费不起到处找东西的时间。还有一位学生喜欢把当天的笔记马上整理出来并放进用不同颜色标记的文件夹里，以便临近考试时能随时用来复习。优等生们提倡的另一个技巧是有效的阅读，其中包括快速阅读，提高记忆能力以及主动提出问题以便充分理解作者的意思。

4  对于学生们来说，合理安排时间也同样重要。他们必须懂得如何根据每天的时间表和学习能力来安排做作业和项目的速度，不至于让手头的工作压得喘不过气。能制定时间表不仅让学生能够腾出更多时间来复习和完善功课，而且还能防止他们拖拖拉拉。成绩优异的学生认为，他们成功的一大秘诀就是上课时做好笔记，供复习时使用。有个学生透露，她把从课文上摘抄的内容记在笔记本的一边，把课堂笔记写在另一边。这样，就可同时复习到两方面的内容。她还透露，她不会浪费下课铃响前的几分钟跟朋友交头接耳，准备随时冲出教室。相反，她会利用这几分钟用两三句话概括那节课的要点，然后在下次上课前浏览这些笔记，加深印象。

5  老师们提倡的致胜秘诀是尽力让自己的作业整洁。有位老师说，学生交上整洁作业就已向高分迈进了一步。在课堂上大胆发言和提问也同样重要，这或许是学生澄清疑问的最好办法。课堂参与还能反映一个学生的求知欲。有个学生概括得好，“好成绩来自透彻的理解”。

6  在一所世界顶级大学进行的一项实验证明了小组学习的价值所在。研究表明，学生们如果一起讨论家庭作业和问题，尝试不同的解决办法，并且互相解释各自的答案，分数就会比那些单独用功的学生要高。实验也证明了学生间互相进行模拟测试或自我测试的好处。这就是说，学生们根据笔记设计可能的试题，在考试前一天相互之间进行书面测试或自测。专家们证实，那些能设计模拟试题的学生，往往会在正式考题中发现很多相同的试题，自然能得高分了。

7  优等生使用的另一个技巧是超额完成规定的家庭作业。一位学生透露，老师若是布置五道题，她会做上十道。用她的话说，“练习是学习的一部分。练得越多，学到的也越多。”最后一点同样不容忽视：所有的专家和优秀学生都认为，优等生们之所以成功，父母的功劳至关重要。从孩提时起，父母就给他们灌输学习的重要性，为他们制定高标准，并且引导他们达到这些标准。在学习方面他们给孩子以鼓励，而不是代劳。这些父母从不给孩子施加压力，永远都温柔慈爱，不厌其烦地解释和激励。他们使孩子们铭记肩负的责任，而孩子们则将其付诸实践。

Unit 1语言点

Good Usage  (Para. 1)

conducted major studies

super-achieving students

top grades

According to him

it is far more important

Good Usage  (Para. 2)

attain academic excellence

mastering a few basic principles

how to set their priorities right

Study time is never compromisedfor phone calls

In other words

placed above recreation

In addition

make a point of

he works out every day

a matter of personal preference

as soon as

fresh in their minds

a mainfactor

Good Usage  (Para. 3)

For example

is actively involved in

keeps his things in their properplaces

files the days notes availablefor review

improving ones memory orretention ability

lead to a full understanding ofthe author’s message

Good Usage  (Para.4)

schedule their time

pace each assignment or projectaccording to their daily timetable

be overwhelmed by the tasks athand

set timetables

prevents them fromprocrastinating

wasting time whispering tofriends

getting ready to rush out of theclass

jot down a two- or three-sentence summary

scans the notes

refresh her memory

Good Usage  (Para.5)

winning formula

lies in a students ability tohand in neat work

turns in neat work

on the way to scoring an A

In the classroom context

to speak up

to clarify any doubts

demonstrates a student s intellectual curiosity

concisely puts it

Better grades come from better understanding.

Good Usage  (Para.6)

tried different approaches

explained their solutions to oneanother

labouredon their own

frametentative test questions

devisepossible test questions

Good Usage  (Para.7)

In the student’s words

The more you practise, the more you learn.

Last but not least

lies in the crucial contribution by parents

set high standards

took pains to explain 

KeyWords and Expressions for Text  A

conduct  vt.

carry out ordirect; go with and guide or lead 进行；实施；经营；处理；陪伴；引导，带领

e.g. 1. These studies were conducted by fourteams that coordinated their work.

2. We are conducting a survey to find out what the customers think of ourservice.

我们在进行一项调查以了解顾客对我们服务的看法。

Collocations:

conduct a meeting 主持会议

conduct an investigation 进行调查

reveal  vt.

make known sth. that was previously secret or unknown 揭示，透露；使（事实等）显露出来

e.g. 1. Details of the murder were revealed by thelocal newspaper.

2. He didn’t want to reveal his real feelings.

他不想露出他的真实情感。

   Collocations:

     revealsth. to sb. 向某人透露某事

    reveal sb. to be 显示某人是

make the most of

get the best advantagefrom 最大限度利用

e.g. 1. Jim studiedhard in the training class; he wanted to make the most of his chance to learn.

2. The occasion only comes once in five years, and they naturally makethe most of it.

这个机会五年才有一次，他们当然会充分利用。

attain vt.  

fml gain or arrive at,esp. after long effort; reach〖正式〗（长期努力后）获得，达到

e.g. 1. He attained fame through many years of hard work.

2. We need to identify the best ways of attaining our goals.

我们需要确定达到我们目标的最好方法。

CF:  attain, achieve & accomplish  

这三个动词均有“达到、完成”之意。

attain指努力去达成或实现目标，常指事先没有确信会成功而去追求的目标。例如：

* She finally attained her ends. 她终于达到了她的目的。

* Kacy attained the rank of deputy director. 凯茜当上副经理了。

achieve指由于付出努力而理所当然地实现目标、获得成功。例如：

* He will never achieve his objectives if he doesnot work harder. 如果不加倍努力的话，他永远也实现不了他的目标。

accomplish指完成规定的任务。例如：

* He accomplished the building of the bookcase. 他做完了一个书橱。

to begin with

in the first place;firstly 首先；第一点

e.g. 1. I’m notgoing; to begin with, I haven’t a ticket, and secondly I don’t like the play.

2. To begin with, John is too young for that kind of job.

首先，约翰做那种工作太年轻了。

in addition (to)

as well (as); besides除……之外；另外

e.g. 1. In addition togiving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practicalexperience.

2. In addition to my studies, I got involved in lotsof other activities.

除了学习以外，我参加了许多其他活动。

make a point of doing sth.

take particular careabout sth. 特别注意，重视；总是要做（某事）

e.g. 1. I always make a point of checking that all the windowsare shut before I go out.

2. She makes a point of keeping all her shopping receipts.

她总是把所有的购物发票都留起来。

perform vi.

do; carry out (a pieceof work, duty, ceremony, etc.), esp. according to a usual or establishedmethod; give, act, or show (a play, a part in a play, a piece of music, tricks,etc.), esp. in the presence of the public 履行，实行，完成；表演

e.g. 1. John has been training very hard and he hopes hewill perform better for the 100-metre dash.

2. Some computers can perform over a billion computations asecond.

有些计算机一秒钟能完成超过十亿次运算。

CF:perform & conduct

这两个动词均有“做、在行动中执行任务”之意。

perform指履行义务、职责或执行命令，所执行的任务一般比较困难和复杂。例如：

* He wouldn’t promise what he could not perform. 他不会许下无法兑现的承诺。

conduct指挥、实现、进行，词义接近perform，但强调指导、领导或监督。例如：

* The interview was conducted in English. 面试用英语进行。

involve  vt.

  [(in,with)] (of a situation or action) have as the people or things taking part[常与in或with连用] （情况、行动）使陷入，使卷入；牵涉，涉及

e.g. 1.  Fanny isactively involved in the drama association of our college.

2. I didn’t mean to get you so much involved in thematter.

我本不想让你这么深地卷入这件事中来。

file  

1. vt. put (papers or letters) in a file 把（文件、信件）汇存起来，把……存卷（归档），存档

e.g. 1) These notes should be carefully filed away for futurereference.

2) We file these reports under country of origin.

我们按照原籍国家把这些报告归档保存。

2. n. a box, folder, etc. for storing papers in anordered way, esp. in an office （办公室内的）文件匣（夹）

3. n.  a line of people one behind theother 纵列

4. vi. march in a file 排成纵队前进

e.g. They filed slowly past the grave of their leader. 他们排成一列缓缓地走过他们领袖的坟墓。

advocate  vt. 

speak in favour of;support (an idea or plan), esp. publicly 拥护，提倡，主张

e.g. 1. The committee doesn’t advocate the use of violence.

2. Many people advocate building more hospitals.

许多人主张增设医院。

schedule

1. vt.  [(for) usu. pass.] planfor a certain future time [常与for连用]［一般用于被动语态］排定；预定；把……安排在

e.g. 1) The openingceremony (开幕式) is scheduled totake place on the coming Thursday.

2) He is scheduled to leave for Londonnext Monday.

他预定下星期一动身去伦敦。

2.  n.  a planned list or order of things to be done,dealth with, etc. 预定要做事情的安排；计划（表）；程序表；日程表

Collocations:

on schedule 按照时间表，准时

ahead of / behind schedule提前/落后于时间表

be scheduled for June / Monday,etc. 安排在六月/周一等

be scheduled for release /publication / completion, etc. 计划发布/出版/完成等

be scheduled to do sth. 计划做某事

overwhelm vt.

[usu. passive] give too much of a thing tosb. [常用于被动语态]使受不了，使不知所措

e.g. 1. We were alloverwhelmed by grief when we heard the news that over 4000 people lost theirlives during the earthquake.

2. I was quite overwhelmed by all the flowers and letters of support Ireceived.

我收到的所有鲜花和支持信件使我激动得不能自已。

at hand

rather fml near intime or place 〖较正式〗即将到来，在手边，在近处

e.g. 1. When she writes, she always keeps a dictionary athand so as to ensure that she uses every word correctly and appropriately.

2. Always have your reference books near at hand.

要经常把参考书摆在手边。

polish vt.

improve by practicing;make smooth, bright, and shiny by continual rubbing （通过练习）改进，改善；擦亮

e.g. 1. I’ll need to polish (up) my French if I’ m going toFrance for my holiday.

2. Please polish your shoes with a brush.

请用刷子把你的鞋擦亮。

take down

write sth. down inorder to make a record of it 记录

e.g. 1. Anything you say will be taken down, and may be usedin evidence.

2. He asked his secretary to take down every word he said.

他让他的秘书记下他说的每一句话。

refresh one’s memory

remind oneself / sb. offacts by referring to notes, etc. （借助笔记等）使自己（某人）想起

e.g. 1. In the middle ofhis speech he had to refresh his memoy by looking at his notes.

2. I looked the word up in the dictionary to refresh my memory of itsexact meaning.

我在词典里查了这个单词，以便更清楚地记得它的确切意思。

promote  vt.  

help the progress of (sth.);encourage or support 提倡；促进；助长 

e.g. 1.  Theorganization works to promote friendship between nations.

2. The Prime Minister’s visit will promote the cooperationbetween the two countries.

首相的访问将促进两国间的合作。

lie in

(of abstract things) exist in the form of (sb. or sth.) 在于

e.g. 1.  The problem lies inthe fact that they do not have a competent leader.

2. Our strengths lie in problem solving.

我们的优势在于解决问题的能力。

on the way to

about to obtain sth.; in the course of becoming or doing sth. 正在获得；正在变成；正在做

e.g.1. I’m now out of hospital and well on the way to recovery.

2. A closed economy will not put acountry on the way to prosperity.

闭关自守的经济不会使一个国家富起来。

speak up

give one’s opinion freely and clearly 畅所欲言，清楚地表明看法

e.g. 1. You should never be frightened of speaking up yourbeliefs under any circumstances.

2. If you thought that wasn’t fair, why didn’tyou speak up? 

如果你认为那不公平，为什么不说出来？

clarify  vt.

fml make clearer and easier to understand, esp.by explaining and giving more details 〖正式〗澄清，讲清楚，阐明

e.g 1.  If you don’tunderstand, ask the speaker to clarify the point.

2. I hope that what I say will clarify the situation.

我希望我说的话能讲清楚这一情况。

demonstrate  vt.

prove or make clear (a fact), esp. byreasoning or providing examples; show or describe clearly （以推理或举例等）论证，证明，证实

e.g.1. Galileo demonstrated that objects of differentweights fall at the same speed.

2. Our troops demonstrate remarkable courage.

我们的队伍表现出无比的勇敢。

approach 

1. n. [ C (to)] a method of doing sth. or dealing with aproblem [常与to连用]方法；步骤

e.g. 1) She took a wrong approach in solving the problem;that was why she failed.

2) I’ve just read an interesting book which has a new approach toShakespeare.

我刚读了一本有趣的书，它采用了一种新的方法来研读莎士比亚。

    2.  n. [C (to)] a way of getting in [常与to连用]通路，入口

e.g. All approaches to the town were blocked. 通往该镇的所有道路都被封锁了。

3. n. [U (of)] the actof coming nearer and nearer [常与of连用]靠近；接近；临近

e.g. Our approach drove away the wild animals. 我们一走近，野兽全都跑开了。

4. v.come near or nearer (to) in space, time, quality, orquantity 走近；靠近，接近

e.g. The time isapproaching when we will have to leave. 我们要离开的时刻越来越近了。

on one’s own

without help 独立地，无援地

e.g. 1. Although she is still rather weak after theoperation, she can now live on her own.

2. I can’t carry it on my own; it’s too heavy.

我一人拿不动，这东西太重了。

base on

[usu.pass.] use as grounds, evidence, etc. for sth. else ［一般用于被动语态］以某事物为另一事物的根据﹑证据等

e.g. 1. He based his research results on his ownpractical experiences in the countryside.

2. I feel he’s doing something wrong, but I’ve got nothing to base it on.

我感到他做错了什么事，可我又没有证据。

confirm  vt.

give support or certainty to (a fact,belief, statement, etc.), e.g. by providing more proof or by statingthat sth.thing is true or correct 证实；进一步确定

e.g. 1.  It hasbeen confirmed that Barbara will play the principal part in the new movie.

2. I just want to confirm that all the arrangements have beenmade.

我要确认所有计划都安排好了。

devisevt.

plan or invent, esp. cleverly策划；想出；设计；发明

e.g. 1. Long-term objectivesmust be devised if you want to run your business successfully.

2. A vehiclewas devised a few years ago which permitted movement over difficultland and could fly for a short distance.

几年前人们设计了一种交通工具，它能在难于行走的地面上行动并能短距离飞行。

employvt.

fml use〖正式〗使用

e.g. 1. The police had to employ force to enter the building.

2. We employ differenttechnical tools for the reception and evaluation of the heat energy.

我们使用不同的技术工具接收和测量热能。

assignvt.

[(to)] give as ashare or duty [常与to连用]分配；分派，指派

e.g. 1. He was assigned to work in a research centre in thearmy.

2. We’ve assignedChris to the advertising campaign.

我们已经把广告宣传的工作布置给了克里斯。

undertake  vt.

(undertook,undertaken) take up or accept (a duty or piece of work, esp. one thatis difficult or needs effort) 承担，接受（责任、艰苦的工作等）

e.g. 1. She undertook responsibility for the failure in ourmarketing project.

2. If you undertake the project, you are bound to encounterdifficulties.

如果你承接这项工程的话，免不了会遇到许多困难。

Collocations:

undertake a task 承担一项任务

undertake to do sth.承担做某事的任务

pressure vt. & n. 

(try to) make (sb.) do sth.by using strong or unfair influence; forceful influence; strong persuasion 对……施加压力；压力

e.g. 1. We shouldn’t be pressured into making hasty decision;instead, we must take all things into consideration.

2. The chairperson accepted our proposal under pressure.

主席在压力下接受了我们的提议。

   Collocations:

pressure sb. intodoing sth. 迫使某人做某事

pressure sb. todo sth. 迫使某人做某事

take pains to do sth.

take great care or makea careful effort to do sth. 煞费苦心（做）；（为……）费尽心机

e.g. 1. He took greatpains to learn Spanish because he wanted to travel in South America.

2. Do you think itworthwhile to take such pains to do this job?

你这么费心做这事，你觉得值得吗？

motivate vt.

provide (sb.) with a (strong) reason fordoing sth. 激发，激励，使……产生动机

e.g. 1. The new plan is devised to motivate employees to workmore efficiently.

2. Every manager must motivate and encourage his employees.

每个管理者都必须激励和鼓励他的雇员。

好听英文歌推荐