PRL导读-2022年129卷15期
序 言
阅读导航
01 普通物理：统计与量子物理（11篇）
10 软物质与交叉科学（2篇）
01
普通物理：统计与量子物理
责编：郭文安
01-01
真正的多体非局域性的测试
两体系统的贝尔非局域性是违反直觉的，而在我们真实世界中的多体系统的非局域性更是如此。最近的理论研究揭示了真正的多体非局域关联不能由只涉及较少部分的非经典资源和全局共享随机性的因果理论来解释。本文中，作者通过一个矩阵表示了多体系统的因果结构，从而提供了一个贝尔型不等式来检验真正的多体非局域性。作者进一步通过实验证明了四光子GHZ态和广义的四光子GHZ态都显著地违背了该贝尔型不等式。也就是说，观测到的四体关联与涉及三体的非局域算符和公共共享随机性的解释不一致，从而证实了自然界具有无限多体非局域性。
（张凡）
Test of Genuine Multipartite Nonlocality
Y. Mao, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 150401 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.150401
01-02
实验证实三方非局域因果理论无法解释自然界的关联
量子理论预言了真正的三方纠缠态的存在，它不能通过对任何两方纠缠态的局部算符操作和无限共享随机性获得。本文的部分作者近期证明了该特征是量子理论的基本特征。态|GHZ3>=(|000>+|111>)/√2能产生三方量子关联，该关联不能由任何局限于两方非经典共同原因（产生纠缠）及无限共享随机性的因果理论来解释。因此，任何能够再现量子预测的物理理论都必然包含真正的三方资源。在这篇文章中，作者证实了这样的三方关联能够通过实验实现。作者得到了一个不依赖于设备的方法来证伪非局域性仅来自两方的因果理论。作者使用保真度为0.9741±0.002的高性能光子|GHZ3>态，在局域性和适当采样的情况下，提供了超过26.3个标准差的明显偏差。作者将他们的结果推广到了|GHZ4>态，得到了不能通过任何局限于三方非经典公共原因以及无线共享随机性的因果理论来解释的关联。
（张凡）
Experimental Demonstration that No Tripartite-Nonlocal Causal Theory Explains Nature’s Correlations
H. Cao, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 150402 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.150402
01-03
器件无关的随机性和非局域性之间权衡的严格解析界限
Two parties sharing entangled quantum systems can generate correlations that cannot be produced using only shared classical resources. These nonlocal correlations are a fundamental feature of quantum theory but also have practical applications. For instance, they can be used for device-independent random number generation, whose security is certified independently of the operations performed inside the devices. The amount of certifiable randomness that can be generated from some given nonlocal correlations is a key quantity of interest. Here, we derive tight analytic bounds on the maximum certifiable randomness as a function of the nonlocality as expressed using the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) value. We show that for every CHSH value greater than the local value (2) and up to (3√3)⁄2≈2.598 there exist quantum correlations with that CHSH value that certify a maximal two bits of global randomness. Beyond this CHSH value the maximum certifiable randomness drops. We give a second family of Bell inequalities for CHSH values above (3√3)⁄2, and show that they certify the maximum possible randomness for the given CHSH value. Our work hence provides an achievable upper bound on the amount of randomness that can be certified for any CHSH value. We illustrate the robustness of our results, and how they could be used to improve randomness generation rates in practice, using a Werner state noise model.
Tight Analytic Bound on the Trade-Off between Device-Independent Randomness and Nonlocality
L. Wooltorton, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 150403 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.150403
01-04
通过主动前馈和多路复用可扩展地产生多光子纠缠态
[编辑推荐]这是一项产生多光子纠缠的新实验，其产生纠缠的概率比现有方法高的多，这对量子信息应用来说可能是一个福音。
多光子纠缠量子态是推进多方量子通信、量子传感或量子计算等量子技术的关键。但是它们的大量产生，在实验上仍然是一个挑战。当前的制备方法，依赖于将来自概率源的光子拼接在一起，并且纠缠态的产生率随着光子的数量呈指数下降。本文中，作者基于主动前馈和多路复用实现了一种系统，来解决这一挑战。作者展示了四光子和六光子Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger态的可扩展生成，产生率分别提高了9倍和35倍。与理论预测的标准非复用方法相比，这与指数增强是一致的。这些结果有助于在光子量子技术中实现实用的多光子协议。
（王哲）
Scalable Generation of Multiphoton Entangled States by Active Feed-Forward and Multiplexing
E. Meyer-Scott, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 150501 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.150501
01-05
使用镜像电路的量子计算机可扩展随机基准测试
The performance of quantum gates is often assessed using some form of randomized benchmarking. However, the existing methods become infeasible for more than approximately five qubits. Here we show how to use a simple and customizable class of circuits—randomized mirror circuits—to perform scalable, robust, and flexible randomized benchmarking of Clifford gates. We show that this technique approximately estimates the infidelity of an average many-qubit logic layer, and we use simulations of up to 225 qubits with physically realistic error rates in the range 0.1%–1% to demonstrate its scalability. We then use up to 16 physical qubits of a cloud quantum computing platform to demonstrate that our technique can reveal and quantify crosstalk errors in many-qubit circuits.
Scalable Randomized Benchmarking of Quantum Computers Using Mirror Circuits
T. Proctor, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 150502 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.150502
01-06
偶极量子模拟器中的多体纠缠态
The scalable production of multipartite entangled states in ensembles of qubits is a crucial function of quantum devices, as such states are an essential resource both for fundamental studies on entanglement, as well as for applied tasks. Here we focus on the U(1) symmetric Hamiltonians for qubits with dipolar interactions—a model realized in several state-of-the-art quantum simulation platforms for lattice spin models, including Rydberg-atom arrays with resonant interactions. Making use of exact and variational simulations, we theoretically show that the nonequilibrium dynamics generated by this Hamiltonian shares fundamental features with that of the one-axis-twisting model, namely, the simplest interacting collective-spin model with U(1) symmetry. The evolution governed by the dipolar Hamiltonian generates a cascade of multipartite entangled states—spin-squeezed states, Schrödinger’s cat states, and multicomponent superpositions of coherent spin states. Investigating systems with up to N=144 qubits, we observe full scalability of the entanglement features of these states directly related to metrology, namely, scalable spin squeezing at an evolution time O(N1/3) and Heisenberg scaling of sensitivity of the spin parity to global rotations for cat states reached at times O(N). Our results suggest that the native Hamiltonian dynamics of state-of-the-art quantum simulation platforms, such as Rydberg-atom arrays, can act as a robust source of multipartite entanglement.
Multipartite Entangled States in Dipolar Quantum Simulators
T. Comparin, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 150503 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.150503
01-07
弱耗散下量子算符的普适保真度降低
在真实系统中，量子信息处理常常受到耗散的限制，耗散源于微观自由度下不受控制的相互作用。根据最近的实验进展，作者考虑了弱耗散，结果就是每次操作的错误概率很小。这个工作找到了一个简单的公式，描述任意量子算符的保真度下降，其中理想的演化限制在计算子空间。有趣的是，这种下降与具体算符无关，它只取决于作用时间和耗散。利用得到的公式，作者研究了不利于量子误差校正的情况:系统中不同部分的耗散存在相关性。令人惊讶的是，结果表明，大量的相关耗散与强度相似的非相关耗散都给出了相同的保真度降低。
（刀流云）
Universal Fidelity Reduction of Quantum Operations from Weak Dissipation
T. Abad, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 150504 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.150504
01-08
基态为Jastrow型的一维量子系统是可积的
Exchange operator formalism describes many-body integrable systems using phase-space variables involving an exchange operator that acts on any pair of particles. We establish an equivalence between models described by exchange operator formalism and the complete infinite family of parent Hamiltonians describing quantum many-body models with ground states of Jastrow form. This makes it possible to identify the invariants of motion for any model in the family and establish its integrability, even in the presence of an external potential. Using this construction we establish the integrability of the long-range Lieb-Liniger model, describing bosons in a harmonic trap and subject to contact and Coulomb interactions in one dimension. We further identify a variety of models exemplifying the integrability of Hamiltonians in this family.
One-Dimensional Quantum Systems with Ground State of Jastrow Form Are Integrable
J. Yang and A. del Campo
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 150601 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.150601
01-09
热力学第三定律与量子计算机的标度
The third law of thermodynamics, also known as the Nernst unattainability principle, puts a fundamental bound on how close a system, whether classical or quantum, can be cooled to a temperature near to absolute zero. On the other hand, a fundamental assumption of quantum computing is to start each computation from a register of qubits initialized in a pure state, i.e., at zero temperature. These conflicting aspects, at the interface between quantum computing and thermodynamics, are often overlooked or, at best, addressed only at a single-qubit level. In this Letter, we argue how the existence of a small but finite effective temperature, which makes the initial state a mixed state, poses a real challenge to the fidelity constraints required for the scaling of quantum computers. Our theoretical results, carried out for a generic quantum circuit with N-qubit input states, are validated by test runs performed on a real quantum processor.
Third Law of Thermodynamics and the Scaling of Quantum Computers
L. Buffoni, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 150602 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.150602
01-10
没有时间反演对称性的分形子(fraction)流体动力学
基于Martin-Siggia-Rose公式，作者提出了一个有效场论，用于研究具有/不具有时间反演对称性的单个守恒电荷的非线性涨落流体动力学。将这个公式应用于只有电荷和多极子守恒的流体，以及破缺时间反演对称性的流体，他们预测了无限多新的动力学普适类，其中一些具有任意大的上临界维数。利用经典马尔可夫链的大规模模拟，作者找到了破缺时间反演对称性的一维四极子守恒模型中流体动力学失效的数值证据。他们的框架可以应用于开放系统稳态附近的流体动力学，将之前发展的概念方法的适用性扩展到驱动活性物质的众多系统。
（侯迪莎）
Fracton Hydrodynamics without Time-Reversal Symmetry
J. Guo, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 150603 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.150603
01-11
相互作用和长程玻色哈密顿量的复杂性相图
作者根据经典模拟系统的计算复杂度对玻色子晶格模型的相进行了分类。作者将以前的结果扩展到包括在位粒子守恒相互作用和远程跳跃，论证了随着时间的推移，系统从可经典地模拟过渡到难以经典地模拟的转变。具体而言，作者构造了一个具有易“相”和难“相”的复杂度相图，并推导出关于演化时间和局域程度的解析边界。作者发现相变的位置与量子关联的传播上界和传输量子信息的协议密切相关。值得注意的是，尽管转换点的位置不会因在位作用而改变，但相变点的性质发生了变化。具体来说，作者发现存在两种相变，尖锐和粗糙，大致分别对应相互作用和非相互作用玻色子。作者的文章促进了未来对多体系统复杂性及其与相关物理现象相互作用的研究。
（胡坤）
Complexity Phase Diagram for Interacting and Long-Range Bosonic Hamiltonians
N. Maskara, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 150604 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.150604
02
引力与天体物理
导读：闫若帝；责编：郭敏勇
02-01
大质量矢量相互作用的奇点问题
相互作用的大质量1自旋场已被广泛用于宇宙学和粒子物理学。该研究获得了关于这些理论的经典极限有效性的新条件，这些条件与矢量场分量存在的非平凡约束有关。违反这种一致性条件会导致辅助分量的时间导数出现奇点，并可能影响场的宇宙学历史和黑洞周围的超辐射等。该研究表明，规范不变的相互作用通常不会出现这个问题，即使质量项明确破坏了规范对称性。预计这种交互限制一般存在于许多其他非平凡约束系统中。
Singularity Problem for Interacting Massive Vectors
Zong-Gang Mou and Hong-Yi Zhang
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 151101 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.151101
02-02
自相互向量场中的鬼场不稳定性：Proca场的问题
Massive vector fields feature in several areas of particle physics, e.g., as carriers of weak interactions, dark matter candidates, or an effective description of photons in a plasma. Here, we investigate vector fields with self-interactions by replacing the mass term in the Proca equation with a general potential. We show that this seemingly benign modification inevitably introduces ghost instabilities of the same kind as those recently identified for vector-tensor theories of modified gravity (but in this simpler, minimally coupled theory). It has been suggested that nonperturbative dynamics may drive systems away from such instabilities. We demonstrate that this is not the case by evolving a self-interacting Proca field on a Kerr background, where it grows due to the superradiant instability. The system initially evolves as in the massive case, but instabilities are triggered in a finite time once the self-interaction becomes significant. These instabilities have implications for the formation of condensates of massive, self-interacting vector bosons, the possibility of spin-one bosenovae, vector dark matter models, and effective models for interacting photons in a plasma.
Ghost Instabilities in Self-Interacting Vector Fields: The Problem with Proca Fields
Katy Clough, Thomas Helfer and et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 151102 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.151102
02-03
自相互作用向量场的内在畸性
该研究表明，自相互作用矢量场理论即使不与任何外部场耦合，也会表现出非物理行为。这意味着任何以此类向量为特征的理论都存在非物理的危险，对于宇宙学、引力、高能物理学等领域的许多提议来说，这是一个令人担忧的前景。当具有“健康”条件的向量场自然地达到时间演化在数学上定义不明确的点时，就会出现问题。作者开发了工具来轻松识别此问题，并提供一个简单而统一的框架来研究这一现象。
Intrinsic Pathology of Self-Interacting Vector Fields
Andrew Coates and Fethi M. Ramazanoğlu
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 151103 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.151103
03
基本粒子与场论
责编：晁伟，刘晓辉
03-01
引力手征反常的流体动力学证据
被引力手征反常修改的轴流守恒，暗示着普适的输运现象只依赖于媒质的涡旋和加速，但并不显式地依赖媒质的温度和密度。该分析在自旋1/2的无质量费米子的例子中被证实。
Hydrodynamic Manifestations of Gravitational Chiral Anomaly
G. Yu. Prokhorov, O. V. Teryaev, and V. I. Zakharov
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 151601 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.151601
03-02
用IceCube中微子望远镜搜索不稳定的惰性中微子
We present a search for an unstable sterile neutrino by looking for a resonant signal in eight years of atmospheric data collected from 2011 to 2019 at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Both the (stable) three-neutrino and the 3+1 sterile neutrino models are disfavored relative to the unstable sterile neutrino model, though with p values of 2.8% and 0.81%, respectively, we do not observe evidence for 3+1 neutrinos with neutrino decay. The best-fit parameters for the sterile neutrino with decay model from this study are , , and g2=2.5π±1.5π, where g is the decay-mediating coupling. The preferred regions of the 3+1+decay model from short-baseline oscillation searches are excluded at 90% C.L.
Search for Unstable Sterile Neutrinos with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
R. Abbasi et al. (IceCube Collaboration)
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 151801 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.151801
04
原子核物理
导读：王亚坤；责编：耿立升
04-01
质量数A = 15的原子核中单粒子强度的降低
Kay等人利用每核子能量为10 MeV的 (d, p) 反应，同时确定了在14C和14N中增加s波和d波中子所对应的绝对截面。对于14C + n 和 14N + n 两个系统而言，它们中子和质子分离能的差值 ΔS 分别为 -20 MeV和 +8 MeV。相较于独立的单粒子模型和壳模型的结果，这两个系统中1s1/2和0d5/2轨道的布居数分别降低了0.5倍和0.6倍。该发现与9Be和12C靶核的中能敲出反应给出的结果明显不同。这种同时测量14C和14N两个系统的技术，能够消除很多的系统不确定性。
Quenching of Single-Particle Strength in A = 15 Nuclei
B. P. Kay et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 152501 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.152501
05
原子、分子与光学
导读：冉光柳；责编：张文凯
05-01
大原子序数原子交换局域密度近似的超前校正
在密度泛函理论中，原子能量的大原子序数（Z）渐近扩展在确定局域密度近似修正的精确条件方面是有用的。交换修正与前导ZlnZ项拟合良好，作者用数值方法求出了它的系数。梯度展开近似也有这样一项，但系数较小。在与氢轨道(玻尔原子)的相互作用消失的极限分析结果导致了这样的猜想，即系数是其梯度展开对应系数的2.7倍，从而得出了交换能修正的解析表达式，对于所有原子序数（Z），该表达式精确到约5%.
Leading Correction to the Local Density Approximation for Exchange in Large-Z Atoms
Nathan Argaman, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 153001 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.153001
05-02
量子简并气体中离子间的介导相互作用
作者探索了由周围的量子简并玻色或费米气体介导的两个捕获离子之间的相互作用。利用对弱原子-离子相互作用有效的微扰理论，作者分析证明玻色气体介导的相互作用在远距离上具有幂律行为，而在中等距离上具有Yukawa形式。对于费米气体，高密度的介导相互作用由幂律给出，低密度的介导相互作用由Ruderman-Kittele-Kasuya-Yosida形式给出。对于强原子-离子相互作用，作者使用图解理论来证明，当原子-离子束缚态接近阈值时，介导相互作用可以是离子间裸库仑相互作用的一个重要补充。最后，作者证明了诱导相互作用导致了离子声子频率的实质性和可观测的位移。
Mediated Interaction between Ions in Quantum Degenerate Gases
Shanshan Ding, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 153401 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.153401
06
非线性动力学和流体力学
导读：黄灏颐；责编：兰岳恒
06-01
PT-对称相变控制的厄米非线性混频
虽然非厄米系统通常是通过与更大环境的非相干耦合来构造的，但最近的工作表明，在某些条件下，相干耦合也可以达到类似的效果。Flemens等人证明了这种新框架使得与非厄米子系统PT对称相关联的行为能够通过相干耦合来控制包含厄米的系统。这由参数非线性混波实现，其中同时产生的二次谐波取代了损耗的作用，导致了非厄米行为，这种行为通过与厄米系统功率的完全交换持续存在。这些发现为动力学操控提出了一种新方法，其中能量回收和可持续性具有重要意义，可能对光子学和激光科学非常重要。
Hermitian Nonlinear Wave Mixing Controlled by PT-Symmetric Phase Transition
Noah Flemens and Jeffrey Moses
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 153901 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.153901
06-02
非欧几里德声学超材料中拓扑p-轨道向错态的观察
Disclinations—topological defects ubiquitously existing in various materials—can reveal the intrinsicband topology of the hosting material through the bulk-disclination correspondence. In low-dimensionalmaterials and nanostructure such as graphene and fullerenes, disclinations yield curved surfaces andemergent non-Euclidean geometries that are crucial in understanding the properties of these materials. However, the bulk-disclination correspondence has never been studied in non-Euclidean geometry, nor insystems withp-orbital physics. Here, by creatingp-orbital topological acoustic metamaterials withdisclination-induced conic and hyperbolic surfaces, we demonstrate the rich emergent bound states arisingfrom the interplay among the real-space geometry, the bulk band topology, and thep-orbital physics. Thisphenomenon is confirmed by clear experimental evidence that is consistent with theory and simulations. Our experiment paves the way toward topological phenomena in non-Euclidean geometries and willstimulate interesting research on, e.g., topological phenomena for electrons in nanomaterials with curvedsurfaces.
Observation of Topological p-Orbital Disclination States in Non-Euclidean Acoustic Metamaterials
Ying Chen, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 154301 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.154301
08
凝聚态物理：结构
责编：殷志平
08-01
相干性的周期性恢复证明了持续的自诱导拉莫尔进动
[编辑推荐] 极化子凝聚体可以自发旋转，这使得它的寿命明显长于单个极化子。
对光捕获激子-极化子凝聚态的干涉测量揭示了凝聚态赝自旋在驱动光脉冲内持续进动的情况。对于一个20 μs的光脉冲，凝聚态赝自旋经历超过105个全进动，频率稳定性惊人。进动的出现可以追溯到极化子的非线性相互作用，产生自诱导的平面外磁场，进而驱动系统自旋动力学。进动的频率和轨迹直接受凝结密度的影响，使光学手段控制这种效应成为可能。本文的结果强调了该系统实现磁力测量装置的潜力，并可导致自旋压缩极化子凝聚体的出现。
（刘瑞）
Persistent Self-Induced Larmor Precession Evidenced through Periodic Revivals of Coherence
H. Sigurdsson, I. Gnusov et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 155301 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.155301
08-02
时空扩散超材料中的热Willis耦合
Willis耦合一般源于波系统中的双各向异性或手性。然而，在由傅里叶定律支配的单一本构关系描述的扩散系统中，这些机制是不适用的。在文中，作者报道了在传热过程中通过调节热导率和质量密度形成的时空扩散超材料。在均匀化时空参数后，需要对傅里叶定律进行修正，其特征是热流密度与温度变化率之间存在热Willis耦合。热Willis耦合驱动非对称热扩散，在时空调制程度决定的临界点处扩散方向是可逆的。此外，即使只调制热导率，热Willis耦合也能稳定住。这些结果可能对定向扩散有潜在的应用，并为非平衡质量和能量转移的不对称操纵提供了见解。
（曹锦）
Thermal Willis Coupling in Spatiotemporal Diffusive Metamaterials
Liujun Xu, Guoqiang Xu, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 155901 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.155901
09
凝聚态物理：电子性质
责编：袁喆，马锋杰
09-01
手性电荷密度波材料中手性电子结构和反常光学响应的可视化
手性材料因其具有手性光学响应、自旋动量锁定和手性诱导自旋选择性等诱人的物理性质而备受关注。最近发现层状过渡金属二卤化物1T−TaS2具有手性电荷密度波（Charge density wave, CDW）序。然而，手性序在电子结构和光学性质方面的物理影响仍有待探索。在本文中，作者报道了CDW相中涌现的手性电子能带结构的光谱可视化，其具有风车状的费米面特征。尽管普通的圆二色性消失了，但由于CDW具有明显的面内手性对称性，作者发现了显著手性依赖的圆极化拉曼响应。手性费米面和反常拉曼响应与CDW相变相吻合，证明了它们的晶格起源。作者的研究为操纵二维材料中的手性电子和光学性质以及探索偏振光学和自旋电子学的应用铺平了道路。
（刘芮西）
Visualization of Chiral Electronic Structure and Anomalous Optical Response in a Material with Chiral Charge Density Waves
H. F. Yang et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 156401 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.156401
09-02
填充因子ν=3/4处的偶分母分数量子霍尔态
[编辑推荐] 偶数分母态出现在二维准粒子系统中，但研究人员仍然无法解释其起源。
分数量子霍尔态（FQHS）是低无序二维（2D）电子系统中当电子-电子相互作用相对于热能和动能占主导地位时的奇异相例子。FQHS中特别有趣的是在偶分母朗道能级填充因子下观察到的那些态，因为它们的准粒子通常被认为服从非阿贝尔统计，并且在拓扑量子计算中有潜在的用途。然而，这种态非常罕见和脆弱，通常在无序程度最低的2D电子系统的激发朗道能级中观察到。在本文中，Wang等人报道了在具有极高质量（迁移率）的GaAs 2D空穴系统中，在填充因子ν=3/4时观察到一个新的意想不到的偶数分母FQHS。他们的磁输运测量结果显示，纵向电阻在ν=3/4处有一个很强的最小值，伴随着一个以（h/e2）/（3/4）为中心形成的霍尔平台。这种偶分母FQHS非常罕见，因为它是在最低朗道能级和2D空穴系统中观察到的。虽然它的起源尚不清楚，但它很可能是一个非阿贝尔态，来自复合费米子之间的残余相互作用。
(赵鑫磊)
Even-Denominator Fractional Quantum Hall State at Filling Factor ν=3/4
Chengyu Wang et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 156801 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.156801
09-03
量子振荡揭示的层间有序性对Kagome超导体CsV3Sb5费米面的影响
The connection between unconventional superconductivity and charge density waves (CDWs) has intrigued the condensed matter community and found much interest in the recently discovered superconducting Kagome family of AV3Sb5(A=K, Cs, Rb). X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements established that the CDW order in CsV3Sb5 comprises of a 2×2×4 structure with stacking of layers in a star-of-David (SD) and inverse-star-of-David (ISD) pattern along the c-axis direction. Such interlayer ordering will induce a vast normalization of the electronic ground state; however, it has not been observed in Fermi surface measurements. Here we report quantum oscillations of CsV3Sb5 using tunnel diode oscillator frequency measurements. We observed a large number of frequencies, many of which were not reported. The number of frequencies cannot be explained by DFT calculations when only SD or ISD distortion is considered. Instead, our results are consistent with calculations when interlayer ordering is taken into account, providing strong evidence that the CDW phase of CsV3Sb5has complicated structure distortion which in turn has dramatic effects on the Fermi surface properties.
Effect of the Interlayer Ordering on the Fermi Surface of Kagome Superconductor CsV3Sb5 Revealed by Quantum Oscillations
Christopher Broyles et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 157001 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.157001
09-04
莫特绝缘体高次谐波产生的反常温度依赖性
Murakami等人揭示了强自旋-电荷耦合对莫特绝缘体高次谐波(HHG)产生的关键作用。在具有反铁磁关联的系统中，即使能隙增大，载流子的产生受到抑制，HHG信号也会随着温度的降低而显著增强。最近在Ca2RuO4的HHG实验中也观察到了这种反常行为，它源于自旋-电荷耦合和热系综之间的协同效应，以及电荷载流子之间强烈的温度依赖的相干性。他们认为，HHG的特殊温度依赖性是莫特绝缘体的一个普遍特征，可以通过库仑相互作用和系统的维数来调控。他们的结果表明，不同自由度之间的关联性是强关联固体的一个特征，对非线性光学响应具有显著而重要的影响。
(赵鑫磊)
Anomalous Temperature Dependence of High-Harmonic Generation in Mott Insulators
Yuta Murakami et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 157401 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.157401
09-05
具有局部化和带隙机制的非晶光子材料的输运
We propose a framework that unifies the description of light transmission through three-dimensional amorphous dielectric materials that exhibit both localization and a photonic bandgap. We argue that direct, coherent reflection near and in the bandgap attenuates the generation of diffuse or localized photons. Using the self-consistent theory of localization and considering the density of states of photons, we can quantitatively describe the total transmission of light for all transport regimes: transparency, light diffusion, localization, and bandgap. Comparison with numerical simulations of light transport through hyperuniform networks supports our theoretical approach.
Transport through Amorphous Photonic Materials with Localization and Bandgap Regimes
F. Scheffold et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 157402 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.157402
09-06
电子流体力学如何消除Landauer-Sharvin电阻
人们早已意识到，即便是一个完全干净的电子系统，也会有与导电通道数成反比的Landauer-Sharvin电阻。该电阻通常与系统外部电路接触上的电压降有关。最近的理论研究表明，流体力学效应可以降低这一电阻，从而提出了流体电子的电阻下限问题。在本文中，作者通过选择合适的器件几何形状，可以将Landauer-Sharvin电阻分散到整个系统中，从而通过电子流体力学完全消除它。作者将这种影响追溯到在样品内终止的通道中流动的电子动力学。对于弹道系统，这种终止会导致电子的背反射并产生电阻；而在流体力学上，这些电子与其他电子的散射使得它们能够转移到传输通道而避免产生电阻。作者发现对于流体动力学电子，与欧姆区相反，具有给定宽度的器件电阻会随着其长度而减小，这表明足够长的器件可能具有任意小的总电阻。
（郭儒达）
How Electron Hydrodynamics Can Eliminate the Landauer-Sharvin Resistance
A. Stern et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 157701 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.157701
10
软物质与交叉科学
责编：徐留芳
10-01
谐振势阱中活性布朗粒子的解析解
Caraglio等人给出了一个含时Fokker-Planck方程的解析解，该方程适用于被约束在各向同性调和势中的二维活性布朗粒子。使用被动布朗粒子作为基态，他们表明Fokker-Planck算子变为下对角，这意味着特征值不受粒子活性的影响。这样，传播子可被表示为平衡本征态与遵循精确迭代关系的权重的组合。他们认为，对于低阶相关函数，例如位置自相关函数，递归终止于Peclet数的有限阶，这就能生成精确的紧凑表达式，并导出速度自相关函数和依赖时间的扩散系数。后者的非单调行为源自非平衡动力学。
（吴雨轩）
Analytic Solution of an Active Brownian Particle in a Harmonic Well
Michele Caraglio and Thomas Franosch
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 158001 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.158001
10-02
催化诱导的相分离与酶活性的自调节
Cotton等人提出了一个热力学自洽模型来描述多组分混合物的动力学，其中一个酶组分催化其他组分之间的反应。他们发现，对于足够活性的体系和大型酶蛋白，单靠催化活性就可以诱导相分离，而不需要组分之间的任何平衡相互作用。在快速反应速率的限制下，可以利用有效自由能的映射来计算双节线。他们还解释了这种催化诱导的相分离如何起到自动调节酶活性的作用，并指出了这一现象的生物学关联。
(张一鸣)
Catalysis-Induced Phase Separation and Autoregulation of Enzymatic Activity
Matthew W. Cotton, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 158101 (2022)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.158101
END
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