IN HOLLYWOOD
The legendary Kingdom of Dahomey Amazons are the real-life all women’s army in Black Panther.
(黑豹电影里的皇家护卫队就是以前达荷美王国的真实再现).
As the latest Hollywood movies are rocking the world, Marvel Studios just released another “BLACK PANTHER” feature, this time spotlighting the all-female army whose role has been shown to be essential to the story being told in the film.
Another star of Dahomey will shine in “THE WOMAN KING” movie coming soon!!
Danai Gurira talk about their characters’ relation to the Dora Milaje, the women’s army in the fictional African nation of Wakanda in Black Panther. The American actress of Zimbabwean ancestry, who also serves as the general of the Dora Milajeshares that, “the Dora Milaje are women who pledged their lives to the throne and to the security of the kingdom”.
祖籍是津巴布韦的美国女演员达娜吉瑞拉，同时也是电影《黑豹》里的皇家护卫队队长，谈到了她们在《黑豹》的角色与《非洲国家瓦坎达》的女子护卫队Dora Milaje之间的关系。她说到 Dora Milaje是其一群誓死保卫王权和皇家安全的女自护卫队。
Dora Milaje is history brought to life. Dora Milaje 就是历史的再现.
In the 1800s, there was an all-female army in the kingdom of Dahomey, modern-day called The Republic of Benin that pledged a similar loyalty to the throne. They were known as the Dahomey Warriors and were praised for their bravery and strength by local leaders and European colonizers alike who encountered them. Their role in preserving the mighty Dahomey kingdom cannot be overstated.
The growing conversation about the Dora Milaje, therefore, presents a perfect opportunity to learn about the Kingdom of Dahomey and Dahomey Amazons.
她说在19世纪，达荷美王国现称为贝宁共和国有一个全女子兵团，也誓死在保卫王权。她们被称为达荷美勇士队，其勇敢和顽强被当地领导人乃至跟她们交过手的欧洲殖民者称赞。她们在捍卫达荷美王国中扮演的角色极其重要。
https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=y0557g847wf&width=500&height=375&auto=0
（同样也有“女王”）新的一部电影即将推出.
“THE WOMAN KING”inspired by true events and based on an original story by Maria Bello, starring Viola Davis (Annalise Keating in How to Get Away with Murder逍遥法外)and Lupita Nyong’o (Black Panther 黑豹).
“THE WOMAN KING’’ is the powerful true story of an extraordinary mother-daughter relationship, said,Hannah Minghella, president of TriStar Pictures. “And there’s no-one more extraordinary than Viola Davis and Lupita Nyong’o to bring them to life.”
Inspired by true events that took place in the Kingdom of Dahomey, one of the most powerful states of Africa in the 18th and 19th centuries, “The Woman King” tells the story of Nanisca (Davis), general of the all-female military unit known as the Amazons, and her daughter Nawi (Nyong’o), who together fought the French and neighboring tribes who violated their honor, enslaved their people, and threatened to destroy everything they’ve lived for.
“女王”这部电影也在讲达荷美王国现代称为贝宁共和国和它的女子兵队的一个历史.
The growing conversation about the Dora Milaje and the Woman King, therefore, presents a perfect opportunity to learn about the Kingdom of Dahomey and Dahomey Amazons.
WHERE IS THE KINGDOM OF DAHOMEY AND WHO ARE THE AMZONS OF DAHOMEY ?
达荷美王国到底是什么地方？它的女子兵团是谁？
(达荷美王国)
Located in Sub-Saharan Africa, Along the Atlantic Coast of West
Africa, Present Day country of Benin Republic.
The origins of Dahomey (DANXOME) can be traced back to the Fon people of the interior of the African continent,who banded together in a conglomerate in order to oppose the political authority of the Yoruba People of Oyo (modern Nigeria). Technically an official subject of the Yoruba of Oyo, the Fon people were forced to pay tribute to their political conquerors and were subjected to cavalry raids made by the Oyo armies in order to supply the slave trade.In order to unite the Fon people in opposition to the Yoruba, leaders who rose to positions of power capitalized on the ability to perform well on the battle field. With military skill being prized as the ultimate expression of authority, the king of the Fon came to embody uncontested authority, and his will was enforced by the army.
达荷美王国现代称为贝宁共和国，是西非埃维族的一支阿贾人于17世纪建立的封建国家。国家全名为“达恩·荷美·胡埃贝格”，意思是“建在达恩肚子上的国家”，简称“达荷美”。13世纪初，阿贾从多哥迁入贝宁南部，建立阿拉达王国。16世纪末～17世纪初，阿拉达王国分裂为阿拉达、阿波美和波多诺伏 3 个王国。1625年阿波美国王达科通过征服毗邻部落而扩展了领土。其间，他们建立了一系列城邦国家。沿海主要有小波波、大波波、维达、小阿德拉，内地有大阿德拉、阿格利等国。其中，大阿德拉国最为强大。
Under King AGADJA (reigned 1708–1740) Dahomey overran the coastal area, conquering the city of Allada in 1724 and the commercial centre of Ouidah in 1727, thus establishing itself as the dominant power in the area. A section of the royal family of Allada, however, founded the new kingdom of Porto-Novo (actual capital city of Benin Republic), on the coast to the east, which successfully resisted Dahomean authority and competed with Ouidah for control of the Atlantic trade. Dahomey itself was attacked and defeated by the kingdom of Oyo, to the northeast (in modern Nigeria), to which it was obliged to pay tribute from 1730 onward.
Dahomey attained the height of its power under the kings GUEZO (1818–1858) and GLELE (1858–1889).The king GUEZO liberated Dahomey from its subjection to Oyo by defeating the latter in 1823. Dahomean attempts at expansion eastward, however,brought it up against the powerful state of Abeokuta (also in Nigeria).Dahomean attacks upon Abeokuta in1851 and 1864 were decisively defeated. In the late nineteenth century, it was conquered by French troops from Senegal and incorporated into France's West African colonies.
达古死后，阿赫继位，秉承父志，继续扩张，达恩王国成为他的目标。阿赫向达恩国王提出领土要求，声称要给自己的儿子阿卡巴找块地盘。达恩国王震怒，对阿赫说：“年轻人，你未免太贪得无厌、太嚣张了。看来如果我不提防，你就要在我的肚子上造房子了。”
没想到，一语成谶。后来阿赫领军攻打达恩王国，俘获并处死达恩国王。然后在埋葬国王尸体的地方建起一座茅屋。从此，阿波美王国就被称为“达恩·荷美·胡埃贝格”，意思是“建在达恩肚子上的国家”，简称“达荷美”。
阿赫除了对外扩张外，也非常善于管理国家内政，他完善了达恩建立的行政体系，设置首相职务，向下统辖群臣，向上对他负责，加强王权。阿赫还直接掌握兵权和征税权，消弱部落酋长权力。阿赫还组织了一支女子兵团卫队，对她们进行严格操练，配备精良武器，使她们成为达荷美的精锐部队之一。
阿赫死后，阿卡巴、阿加扎先后为王。欧洲殖民者在贝宁湾的贩奴活动，促进了达荷美王国的独立发展。18世纪达荷美王国通过掳掠和贩卖奴隶强盛起来，并扩张领土。其领土向西一直扩展到今尼日利亚的巴达格里和拉各斯。使达荷美王国的领土增加四倍，扩展到海岸地带，并同欧洲人直接进行贸易，向其提供奴隶以换取枪支、火药、烟草、酒类、布匹和其他货物。
但是，此时的达荷美仍受奥约帝国的制约。阿波美对大阿德拉的战争也引起过奥约的干涉。从1726年开始，达荷美和奥约进行战争，其间断断续续，一直到18世纪40年代。
最终，奥约承认达荷美对征服地区的控制，达荷美则继续向奥约纳贡。
18世纪末，奥约国势衰败，达荷美逐渐终止纳贡。
1818年达荷美国王盖佐拒绝奥约的进贡要求，战争再起。结果奥约战败，达荷美从此完全独立。
Kings of Dahomey (达荷美国王)
King | 国王 | Start of Reign | End of Reign |
GNANGNIHESSOU | - | ||
DAKO DONOU | 达科 | 1620 | 1645 |
HOUEGBADJA | 阿奥 | 1645 | 1685 |
AKABA | 阿卡巴 | 1 685 | 1708 |
HANGBE | 1708 | 1711 | |
AGADJA | 阿加扎 | 1711 | 1741 |
TEGBESSOU | 特格贝苏 | 1741 | 1774 |
KPENGLA | 克本格拉 | 1774 | 1789 |
AGONGLO | 阿贡格罗 | 1789 | 1797 |
ADANDOZAN | 阿当多扎 | 1797 | 1818 |
GUEZO | 盖佐 | 1818 | 1858 |
GLELE | 格莱莱 | 1858 | 1889 |
GBEHANZIN | 格贝汉津 | 1889 | 1894 |
AGOLI AGBO | 阿格博 | 1894 | 1900 |
In 1902 Dahomey (DANXOME) was declared a French colony and the king was later arrested, deported to Martinique,then Algeria where he died. Dahomey then became a French possession between German Togo and British Nigeria, until The Republic of Benin declared independence in 1960.
The Republic of Dahomey changed its name to The Republic Benin in1975.
从19世纪70年代起，英法开始大举侵入西非，达荷美也不能幸免。达荷美国王格莱莱为阻止拉各斯的英国人的扩张，和法国人发展关系。但是，1889年，法国也向达荷美提出在科托努设卡驻兵，达荷美王储孔多予以拒绝。格莱莱去世后，孔多即位，称“格·贝汉津·阿伊·基莱”（意为“大地所希冀的蛋，只有宇宙才能负载”）。
1894年，贝汉津被俘，先后流放西印度群岛和北非。同年，达荷美沦为法国保护国，法国扶植贝汉津的兄弟继任王位，不久被废。
1900年达荷美王国灭亡，成为法国的殖民地。
1960 - 1975年成为达荷美共和国，也就是现代的贝宁。
(达荷美女子团)
The Amazons of Dahomey were a military corps of women appointed to serve in battles under thedirection of the Fon king, who ruled over a nation that included much ofpresent-day southern Togo andThe Republic of Benin. They emerged during the Eighteenth Century and werefinally suppressed during the 1890s. The Amazons were chosen from among the nominal wives of the king, called “Ahosi.” Estimates of the number of women soldiers vary by accounts, yet some scholars believe the numbers to have rangedover time from several hundred to a few thousand women soldiers.
The Dahomey Warriors were traditionally called the N’Nonmiton, which means “ourmothers” in Fon, the language of the Fon people of Dahomey. Some European historians and observers called them the Dahomey Amazons as they reminded themof the mystical and powerful all women’s army called Amazons in Greek mythology.
Accordingto a beautiful comic bythe United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, the Dahomey Warriors first appeared as part of the entourage of the King of Dahomey’s bodyguard in the seventeenth century. They were to ensure his personal protection and guard the royal palace. Soon, the women’s number and prominence grew from a troop of 800 to 6000. They would later go to fight inbattles against other kingdoms as Dahomey began to expand, lost their male soldiers in war, and were threatened and attacked by the French.
达荷美勇士以前被叫做 N’Nonmiton，在丰语（达荷美王国里丰人的语言）里表示“我们的母亲”的意思。欧洲历史学家和观察员将她们称为达荷美亚马逊人，因为这群勇士让他们想起了希腊神话里神秘而强大的女子兵团亚马逊人。
在由联合国教科文组织推出的一本连环画里，达荷美勇士最先是17世纪达荷美国王身边的几个随从，为保护其人身安全和皇宫的安全。很快，这只女子随从800发展成6000。后来随着达荷美国王的扩展、男兵的牺牲以及法国威胁和入侵，这只队伍也开始参战。
The Fon women’s army had three main wings: the right and left wings, and the elite center wing or Fanti. Each of these wings had five sub groups: the artillery women, the elephant huntresses, the musket-bearing frontline group, the razor women, and the archers. They served in battles in conjunction with male troops.
丰人女子兵当时有三只队伍：左翼、右翼、精英队。每队下又设5种作战部队：炮弹队、象兵队、前线步枪队、战刀队和弓箭手队。
The Dahomey
Warriors were known to be especially skillful, competitive, and brave.
Their drills and military parades were always performed to dancing, music, and songsand their weapons were sometimes used as choreographic props. As expressed in their songs, their goal was to outshine men in every respect, and European travelers observed that they were better organized, swifter and much braver than male soldiers. As such, the King would send them to war as opposed to their male counterparts and European soldiers would also hesitate to kill them as they were often young women.
The women also enjoyed privileged relations with the king, swearing to celibacy andliving in the royal palace, which only the king and his entourage had access to. As a testament to their power, women servants rang little bells to warn the people of the women soldiers’ presence and inhabitants were required to moveaside, bow and avert their eyes.
达荷美勇士实力强大、作战骁勇而且足智多谋。其演习和阅兵都经常是载歌载舞。手持武器有时变成了舞台道具。正如她们的歌中所诠释的那样，她们的目的就是完胜男兵。欧洲游客发现其实她们比男兵们更勇敢、更有组织性、反应也更快。所以，相对于男兵来说，国王更愿意派她们去参战，而且欧洲战士也下不了手杀掉她们，因为她们太年轻。这些女兵们如果终身不嫁、居于皇宫的话，也可以获得国王赋予的特权，这些特权只有国王极其随从才有。
As early as 1728, under the direction of King Guezo, the Dahomian Army, which now included the Amazons, conquered the kingdoms of Whydah and Popos. In 1840, they helped tocapture the fortress of the Mahee at Attahapahms.
By 1748, after the Dahomey Kingdom had been subdued by the Oyo Empire (modern Nigeria), King Gezo restored Dahomey independence by defeating the Mahi nation, an ally of Oyo. With military success in part attributed to the Amazons, Dahomey attacked the Egba city of Abeokuta in 1851, and again in 1864. Both battles ended in defeat forDahomey,with many Amazon casualties.
The last major use of Amazons came in the Franco-Dahomean Wars of1890 and 1892. The French conquered Dahomey in 1892 and were particularly ruthless toward the Amazons, executing many of them partly because they noted that Amazons provided the last resistance to their conquest of the state. Thereafter, the Amazon units were effectively disbanded. One of the first decrees announced after Dahomey formally became aFrench colony was that women of Dahomey would be prohibited from serving in the military or from bearing arms.
The Dahomey women’s army only became defunct when the Dahomey kingdom fell at the end of the 19th century. According to UNESCO, after two months of fighting and previously broken accords between the French and Dahomey, the king of Dahomey took flight and set fire to most of the royal palaces, marking an end of the Kingdom of Dahomey and its army of women in 1892.
早在1728年的时候，在国王GUEZO 的领导下，达荷美军队，也就是现在包括亚马逊人的军队，占领了OUIDAH 和 POPO王国。1840年又协助攻破了 ATTAHAPAHM 的 MAHI堡垒。到1728年，继达荷美王国被Oyo帝国（现在的尼日利亚）征服后，GUEZO 国王打败了 MAHI 族，即 OYO 的一支联军，实现了达荷美王国的再次独立。由于亚马逊人军队在军事上取得了部分胜利，达荷美开始分别在1864年和1851年发起了对 ABEOKUTA 的 EGBA 城市的进攻，但是都以达荷美惨败告终。
The Dahomey king was later arrested,deported to Martinique, then Algeria where he died.
https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=w0550b53pd9&width=500&height=375&auto=0
The Dahomey women are truly a testament to the real-life story of the African women depicted in Black Panther. Their importance as strategic allies in the safety and vitality of the nation cannot be overstated.
‘'BLACK PANTHER’’ just showed us how the power ofimagination and lore could reveal a world without gender and racial stereotypes.“THE WOMAN KING” will tell one of history’s greatest forgotten stories from thereal world in which we live, where an army of African warrior women staved offslavery, colonialism and inter-tribal warfare to unify a nation.”
电影《黑豹》结合传说和想象向我们揭示了一个没有性别和种族成见的世界。“女王”将讲述一个历史上被现代人所遗忘的最伟大的故事，一群非洲女战士为了统一国家而摆脱奴隶制、殖民主义和部落间的战争的故事。
贝宁
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