Python可视化——饼图【学习官方文档】
作者：王大伟
Python爱好者社区唯一小编
博客：https://ask.hellobi.com/blog/wangdawei
前言
官方文档是很好的学习资料，我一直深信不疑。
——王大伟
照猫画虎
在matplotlib官方文档的example中，我发现了很多漂亮的图
巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮
我们打开一个看看：
http://matplotlib.org/examples/pie_and_polar_charts/pie_demo_features.html
官方代码如下：
"""
===============
Basic pie chart
===============
Demo of a basic pie chart plus a few additional features.
In addition to the basic pie chart, this demo shows a few optional features:
* slice labels
* auto-labeling the percentage
* offsetting a slice with "explode"
* drop-shadow
* custom start angle
Note about the custom start angle:
The default ``startangle`` is 0, which would start the "Frogs" slice on the
positive x-axis. This example sets ``startangle = 90`` such that everything is
rotated counter-clockwise by 90 degrees, and the frog slice starts on the
positive y-axis.
"""
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Pie chart, where the slices will be ordered and plotted counter-clockwise:
labels = 'Frogs', 'Hogs', 'Dogs', 'Logs'
sizes = [15, 30, 45, 10]
explode = (0, 0.1, 0, 0) # only "explode" the 2nd slice (i.e. 'Hogs')
fig1, ax1 = plt.subplots()
ax1.pie(sizes, explode=explode, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%',
shadow=True, startangle=90)
ax1.axis('equal') # Equal aspect ratio ensures that pie is drawn as a circle.
plt.show()
运行一下：
发现matplotlib画的图 还是挺好看的！
我们来分析一下她美在哪里？是眼睛、眉毛、还是？
鬓若刀裁,眉如墨画,面如桃瓣,目若秋波
其实 ，官方文档都告诉我们啦，哈哈哈哈
今天被宝强哥的新闻刷屏了
宝强哥即官方，那宋喆呢？你懂的
思绪收回。。。
刚才代码里有一段注释：
"""
===============
Basic pie chart
===============
Demo of a basic pie chart plus a few additional features.
In addition to the basic pie chart, this demo shows a few optional features:
* slice labels
* auto-labeling the percentage
* offsetting a slice with "explode"
* drop-shadow
* custom start angle
Note about the custom start angle:
The default ``startangle`` is 0, which would start the "Frogs" slice on the
positive x-axis. This example sets ``startangle = 90`` such that everything is
rotated counter-clockwise by 90 degrees, and the frog slice starts on the
positive y-axis.
"""
意思如下：
除了基本的饼图，此演示还展示了一些可选功能：
*每块饼打上标签
*自动计算标记百分比
*用“爆炸”偏移出一片
*添加阴影
*定制起始角度
我们一个个看：
（1）每块饼打上标签
这个很好理解
每块饼都是有标签的，
ax1.pie(sizes, explode=explode, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%',
shadow=True, startangle=90)把labels=labels去掉
完整代码：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Pie chart, where the slices will be ordered and plotted counter-clockwise:
labels = 'Frogs', 'Hogs', 'Dogs', 'Logs'
sizes = [15, 30, 45, 10]
explode = (0, 0.1, 0, 0) # only "explode" the 2nd slice (i.e. 'Hogs')
fig1, ax1 = plt.subplots()
ax1.pie(sizes, explode=explode, autopct='%1.1f%%',
shadow=True, startangle=90)
ax1.axis('equal') # Equal aspectratio ensures that pie is drawn as a circle.
plt.show()
这下就没标签了！
（2）自动计算标记百分比
我们看官方代码：
sizes = [15, 30, 45, 10]
这部分数字加起来是100，正好对应了图中的百分比
思考：现实数据可能是个数，不是算好的百分比能直接绘图么？
答案是可以的！
例如：我们改一下代码这部分为：
sizes = [15, 3.333333, 74, 10.002]
完整代码如下:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Pie chart, where the slices will be ordered and plotted counter-clockwise:
labels = 'Frogs', 'Hogs', 'Dogs', 'Logs'
sizes = [15, 3.333333, 74, 10.002]
explode = (0, 0.1, 0, 0) # only "explode" the 2nd slice (i.e. 'Hogs')
fig1, ax1 = plt.subplots()
ax1.pie(sizes, explode=explode, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%',
shadow=True, startangle=90)
ax1.axis('equal') # Equal aspectratio ensures that pie is drawn as a circle.
plt.show()
结果是自动算出了百分比，不信你可以自己算算试试哦~
（3）用“爆炸”偏移出一片
我们看出这饼就像pizza一样，被切出了一片
说实话 我饿了。。。
然后一块不够吃啊，我切两块行不行？
看看官方代码！
explode = (0, 0.1, 0, 0) # only "explode" the 2nd slice (i.e. 'Hogs')
这里有个0.1很特殊，我们改成1试试
explode = (0, 1, 0, 0) # only "explode" the 2nd slice (i.e. 'Hogs')完整代码如下：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Pie chart, where the slices will be ordered and plotted counter-clockwise:
labels = 'Frogs', 'Hogs', 'Dogs', 'Logs'
sizes = [15, 30, 45, 10]
explode = (0, 1, 0, 0) # only "explode" the 2nd slice (i.e. 'Hogs')
fig1, ax1 = plt.subplots()
ax1.pie(sizes, explode=explode, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%',
shadow=True, startangle=90)
ax1.axis('equal') # Equal aspectratio ensures that pie is drawn as a circle.
plt.show()
原来这个数字是控制切出的pizza偏移的距离啊！（假装恍然大悟）
不过，我要切的是两片啊！
宝宝饿，宝宝要吃两片才行
相信你已经会啦~
explode = (0, 0.3, 0.5, 0) # only "explode" the 2nd slice (i.e. 'Hogs')
完整代码如下：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Pie chart, where the slices will be ordered and plotted counter-clockwise:
labels = 'Frogs', 'Hogs', 'Dogs', 'Logs'
sizes = [15, 30, 45, 10]
explode = (0, 0.3, 0.5, 0) # only "explode" the 2nd slice (i.e. 'Hogs')
fig1, ax1 = plt.subplots()
ax1.pie(sizes, explode=explode, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%',
shadow=True, startangle=90)
ax1.axis('equal') # Equal aspectratio ensures that pie is drawn as a circle.
plt.show()
切出两块，偏移还不一样呢~
（4）添加阴影
像爬虫一样定位：
ax1.pie(sizes, explode=explode, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%',
shadow=True, startangle=90)
把shadow改为False试试
完整代码：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Pie chart, where the slices will be ordered and plotted counter-clockwise:
labels = 'Frogs', 'Hogs', 'Dogs', 'Logs'
sizes = [15, 30, 45, 10]
explode = (0, 0.1, 0, 0) # only "explode" the 2nd slice (i.e. 'Hogs')
fig1, ax1 = plt.subplots()
ax1.pie(sizes, explode=explode, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%',
shadow=False, startangle=90)
ax1.axis('equal') # Equal aspectratio ensures that pie is drawn as a circle.
plt.show()
这下就没阴影咯~
（5）定制起始角度
ax1.pie(sizes, explode=explode, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%',
shadow=True, startangle=90)这里 startangle=90 起始角度是90度，那0度是什么样的呢？
ax1.pie(sizes, explode=explode, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%',
shadow=True, startangle=0)完整代码：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Pie chart, where the slices will be ordered and plotted counter-clockwise:
labels = 'Frogs', 'Hogs', 'Dogs', 'Logs'
sizes = [15, 30, 45, 10]
explode = (0, 0.1, 0, 0) # only "explode" the 2nd slice (i.e. 'Hogs')
fig1, ax1 = plt.subplots()
ax1.pie(sizes, explode=explode, autopct='%1.1f%%',
shadow=True, startangle=0)
ax1.axis('equal') # Equal aspectratio ensures that pie is drawn as a circle.
plt.show()
对比发现，0度是x轴正向，90度是y轴正向
猜想：是逆时针的方向，那120度试试？
果然是这样！
举一反三
更多参数功能等你发现：
?ax1.pie
学习方法你掌握了么？
这里还有一堆美丽的她等你探索呢~
来啊，快活啊
猛戳以下链接：
http://matplotlib.org/examples/index.html
文中如有错误请留言评论，感谢~
业务知识一站通，懂业务，让你从技术人才中脱颖而出！
陈老师基于咨询公司从业经验与8年25个项目经验，精心打造业务知识体系课程。
点击阅读原文立即学习
关注后在公众号内回复“课程”即可获取：
1.崔老师爬虫实战案例免费学习视频。
2.丘老师数据科学入门指导免费学习视频。
3.陈老师数据分析报告制作免费学习视频。
4.玩转大数据分析！Spark2.X+Python 精华实战课程免费学习视频。
5.丘老师Python网络爬虫实战免费学习视频。
为大家提供与Python相关的最新技术和资讯。
长按指纹 > 识别图中二维码 > 添加关注