学术视界|SMJ: 从专有到集体治理: 平台参与战略如何演变?
From proprietary to collective governance: How do platform participation
strategies evolve?
从专有到集体治理:平台参与战略如何演变?
Siobhan O'Mahony
Boston University
Rebecca Karp
Boston University
Research Summary:
When platform leaders change the rules guiding who can access and control a
platform, the strategies of those who create value from the platform can be
upended. Little research examines how platform participants adapt their
strategies when a platform leader changes the rules governing access and
control. We trace how participation with a development platform evolved under
four different governance modes with varied access and control conditions.
Participation intensity increased as access opened but decreased when platform
leadership became unclear. Distributed platform leadership emerged only once the
platform was collectively governed. Rather than assume that all firm
participation complements a platform, we show how firms guardedly participate
with open and collective platforms in ways that can either extend or subvert a
platform's vitality.
Managerial Summary:
As firms consider transitioning proprietary products to more open platforms to grow market share and relevance, we suggest that managers consider the concerns of external participants when designing a system to govern a platform. Opening access to a platform alone may be insufficient to stimulate external participants to contribute and make real commitments. Our research shows that open access did not stimulate external participation when platform leadership was not clear. When a structured but collectively determined development and governance process was created, external participants increased their contributions and even took on project leadership roles.
集体治理、社区、生态系统、开放创新、平台
Keywords: collective governance, community, ecosystems, open innovation, platform
讨论与结论
虽然很多研究都十分强调平台领导者在平台治理中的作用和他们管理平台扩张的能力,但许多平台的成功依赖于受平台规则影响的外部参与者的贡献。通过指定和明确一系列平台治理模式和互补者的参与选择行为,并进行比较分析,我们重新认识到互补者不同的参与行为是如何塑造生态系统的价值创造的。尽管平台研究领域学者倾向于研究开放获取在专有或集体治理条件下的作用,但较少研究集体治理是如何产生的。我们的研究有助于解释产生分布式平台领导力的条件;确定可能影响平台参与的治理条件;并提出了一系列的参与策略。
我们预计分布式平台领导力将出现在以下环境中:(a)分布式参与是可能的(b)互补者对访问和控制的平台参与规则存在集体选择行为。
我们还考虑了其他可能解释平台参与差异的因素。在我们的样本中,所有的公司都受到共同的行业条件的约束。我们没有发现企业规模与参与强度之间的任何关系。但参与强度是开放式创新理论的一个关键因素。正是贡献的多样性丰富了开放创新系统。因此,对开放式创新系统的访问和控制规则的任何改变,必须谨慎行事,要既保持开放,又要形成高效的结构,以鼓励高质量的多样化贡献。
文章来源:O'Mahony S, Karp R. From proprietary to collective governance: How do platform participation strategies evolve? Strat Mgmt J. 2020;1–33
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