人教版英语八年级下册课堂笔记(请收藏,转发到班级群!)
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新学期预习必备:
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重点短语
be in control of 掌管;管理
because of 由于
fall down 摔倒
feel sick 感到恶心
get an X-ray 拍X 光片
get into trouble 造成麻烦
get off 下车
get out of 离开;从……出来
give up 放弃
go along 沿着……走
go to a doctor 看医生
have a cold 受凉;感冒
have a cough 咳嗽
have a fever 发烧
have a heart problem 有心脏病
have a nosebleed 流鼻血
have a sore back 背疼
have a sore throat 喉咙痛
have a stomachache 胃疼
have a toothache 牙疼
have problems breathing 呼吸困难
hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
in a difficult situation 在闲境中
in the same way 以同样的方式
in time 及时
keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事
make a decision 做出决定
on the side of the road 在马路边
right away 立刻;马上
run out (of) 用完;用尽
see a dentist 看牙医
shout for help 大声呼救
so that 以便
so...that... 如此…… 以至于……
sound like 听起来像
take one's temperature 量体温
take risks 冒险
talk too much 说得太多
thanks to 多亏了 ;由于
to one's surprise 另某人惊讶的是
without thinking twice 没有多想
词法精选
1.I have a stomachache.
我胃痛。
(1)stomachache为可数名词,意为“胃痛;腹痛”。在英语中,一部分表示身体部位的名词加上名词ache(疼痛),可以构成合成名词。如:headache头疼;toothache牙痛;backache背痛。
(2)have a+以上合成名词,意为“……痛”。如:
Mary didn't come to school yesterday because she had a stomachache.
昨天玛丽因为胃痛没来上学。
2.drink some hot tea with honey
喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶
(1)with作介词,意为“具有;带有”,表示某物带有或具有某种特征。如:
She is a girl with big eyes.
她是一个大眼睛女孩。
(2)with的反义词为without,意为“没有”。如:
I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.
我认为我保持同一个姿势一动不动地坐太久了。
3.see sb.do sth.和see sb.doing sth.的区别
(1)see sb.do sth. 意为“看见某人做某事”(看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生)。如:
I often see him play basketball on the playground.
我经常看见他在操场上打篮球。
(2)see sb.doing sth. 意为“看见某人正在做某事”(强调动作正在发生)。如:
I saw him playing basketball on the playground just now.
刚才我看见他正在操场上打篮球。
4.in time和on time的区别
in time表示“及时”,指在约定的时间之前发生。on time表示“准时;按时”,指正好在约定的时间发生。如:
①We hope you will arrive in time to attend the meeting.
我们希望你能及时赶来参加这个会议。
②I'll write to your father if you aren't here on time tomorrow.
倘若你明天不准时到的话,我就要写信告诉你父亲。
5.be used to taking risks 习惯于冒险
(1)在“be used to”这个结构中,to是介词,它后面接名词、代词或者动名词,不能跟动词原形。此外,“be used to”有各种时态的变化。如:
①She is used to that way of learning English.
她习惯用那种方法学习英语。
②He has been used to playing basketball after school.
他已经习惯于放学后打篮球。
(2)take risks=take a risk 冒险,risk为名词。risk也可作及物动词,后面跟名词、代词或动名词。如:risk one's life 冒着某人的生命危险,risk climbing mountains 冒险爬山。
句法精析
1.What's the matter?
怎么了?/出什么事情了?
用于询问某人身体状况或遇到什么麻烦、问题等。其后跟询问对象时,与介词with连用。如:
What's the matter with you?
你怎么了?
该句的同义句为What's the trouble with you?/ What's your trouble? / What's wrong with you?/ What's up? 等。
2.She talked too much yesterday and didn't drink enough water.
昨天她说话太多,并且没有喝足够的水。
(1)too much相当于一个副词,修饰动词talk,放在后面作状语,意为“太多”。如:
①She worried too much.
她过于担心了。
②Eating too much is bad for your health.
吃太多对你的健康有害。
(2)too much 还可以修饰不可数名词,too much中的中心词是“much”,意为“太多的……”,too是用来修饰much的。如:
There is too much snow and ice.冰雪太多。
而much too中的中心词是“too”,后面跟形容词或副词,意为“非常;太”。much是用来加强too的语气的。如:
It's much too cold.天太冷。
3.His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.
他是如此地热爱爬山以至于在经历这次事故之后,他仍然继续爬山。
so... that意为“如此……以至于……”,so后面接形容词或副词,that后面为结果状语从句。如:
He was so strong that he could lift the heavy bag easily.
他如此强壮以至于很容易就提起那个重包。
语法精讲
情态动词should的用法
should意为“应该”,后跟动词原形,表示责任和义务。其结构为:主语+should/shouldn't(shouldn't =should not不应该)+动词原形。如:
①You should lie down and rest.
你应该躺下休息。
②He shouldn't go to school when he has a cold.
他感冒时不应该去上学。
unit 2
重点短语
after-school reading program
课外阅读项目
an old people's home 养老院
at the age of 在 ... 岁时
be able to 能够
be similar to 与 相似
call up 打电话;召集
care for 关心;照顾
cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振奋
clean up 打扫(或清除)干净
Clean-Up Day 清洁日
come up with 想出;提出
disabled people 残疾人
fix up 修理;修补;解决
for example 比如;例如
give away 赠送;捐赠
give out 分发;散发
hand out 分发;散发;发给
help out with sth 帮助解决困难
make a difference 影响;有作用
make a plan 制订计划
make some notices 做些公告牌
put off 推迟;延迟
put up 建造;举起;张贴
raise money 筹钱;募捐
set up 建立;设立
take after 与......相像;像
the look of joy 快乐的表情
try out 试用;试行
used to 过去常常
work for 为 工作;为 效力
词法精选
1.used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
(1)used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”,只用于过去时态。如:
He used to get up at 6:00 when he was in the countryside.
他在农村的时候总是六点钟起床。
(2)否定句可以用didn't use to do,也可以用usedn't to do或者used not to do。
注意:use v.使用;n.用途;useful adj.有用的;useless adj.无用的。
区别:be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”;be used to 后面跟名词或者动名词,意为“习惯于……”。
2.care for 喜欢;照顾;关心
(1)表示“喜欢”,通常用于否定句或疑问句。如:
①I don't care for standing in line.
我不喜欢排队。
②Does Ann care for scary movies?
安喜欢看恐怖影片吗?
有时还可接不定式的复合结构。如:
I wouldn't care for that man to be my doctor.
我不愿意让那个人当我的医生。
(2)表示“照看;照顾”。如:
①He spent years caring for his sick mother.
他照料他生病的母亲好多年。
②I am glad to see that you are being well cared for.
看到你得到很好的照料,我非常高兴。
(3)表示“关心;爱护”,这是一种比较正式的用法。如:
We must care for each other and help each other.
我们要互相关心, 互相帮助。
3.take after与……相像
take after 意为“(在外貌、性格等方面)与……(父母)相像”。近义词:look like(看上去像……),be like(像……一样)。如:
①She takes after her mother almost in everything.
她几乎与她母亲一模一样。
②Who does the boy look like?
这个男孩看上去像谁?
句法精析
1.The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.
这个女孩可以去医院看望生病的孩子使他们高兴起来。
could表示“可以(用于提出建议)”。如:
We could put up signs around the school.
我们可以在学校周围张贴告示。
2.Lucky makes a big difference to my life.
“幸运儿”对我的生活产生了很大的影响。
(1)make a difference to意为“对……产生影响”。difference前面可以加修饰词 big, great 等;to是介词,其后可接名词、代词或动名词。如:
①The accident made a great difference to his life.
这次事故对他的人生产生了重大的影响。
②One false step will make a great difference.
失之毫厘,谬以千里。
(2)make no difference to意为“对……没有影响”。如:
①Dollars make no difference to me.
美元对我没什么影响。
②Whether he is here or not will make no difference to our life.
他在不在对我们的生活没有影响。
3.Then one day last year, a friend of mine helped me out.
然后去年的一天,我的一个朋友帮助我摆脱了困境。
help out意为“使某人脱离(困境)”,也可分开使用,即help... out。如:
①My classmates helped me out when I failed the exam.
当我考试不及格的时候我的同学帮助了我。
②I could help out if the price was right.
如果价格合适的话我可以帮一下忙。
语法精讲
短语动词。短语动词后面是副词的,宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前面,也可放在副词后面;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前面。短语动词后面是介词的,宾语都放在介词后面。
(1)动词+介词。如:
ask for(要求),look for(寻找),look after(照顾;照看),look at(看;观看),look like(看起来像),take after(与……相像)等。
(2)动词+副词。这类短语动词有些可带宾语,有些不能带宾语。
1)不带宾语的短语动词。如:
get up(起床),grow up(成长), come in(进来)等。
2)可带宾语的短语动词。如:
find out(努力找出),fix up(修理),give up(放弃), give out(分发),give away(捐赠),hand out(分发),put on(上演;穿上),put up(挂起;张贴),put off(推迟),turn on(打开),turn off(关掉),take off(脱掉衣服)等。
(3)动词+副词+介词。如:
come up with(找到;提出),do well in(擅长),look forward to(渴望)等。
(4)动词+名词+介词。如:
take care of(照料), play a role in(发挥作用)等。
(5)系动词+形容词+介词。如:
be angry with...(对……生气),be famous for...(以……而闻名),be good at...(擅长……), be talented in...(在……上有天赋)等。
unit 3
重点短语
a waste of time浪费时间
all day/evening 整曰/夜
all the time 一直;总是
come over 过来
depend on依赖;依靠
develop children's independence发展孩子的独立性
do chores 做杂务
do housework 做家务
do one's part in (doing ) sth 做某人分内的事
do the dishes 洗餐具
enough stress足够的压力
finish doing sth 完成做某事
fold the clothes 叠衣服
get a ride 搭车
get good grades取得好成绩
get something to drink 拿点喝的东西
go out for dinner 出去吃饭
go to the movies 去看电影
help sb. (to ) d o /with sth•帮助某人干某事
in order to为了
in surprise 惊讶地
invite sb.to a party邀请某人参加聚会
look after/take care of 照顾;照看
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
make the bed 整理床铺
share the housework 分担家务
shout back 大声回应
stay out late 在外面待到很晚
sweep the floor 扫地
take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
throw down 扔下
walk away 走开
词法精选
1.borrow 和lend
(1)borrow 表示“借;借用”,是从别人那里借来东西,即我们通常所说的“借过来”。如:
①We often borrow books from our school library.
我们经常从学校图书馆借书。
②I borrowed this dictionary from my teacher.
我从老师那儿借来了这本词典。
(2)lend表示“借给;借出”,是把自己的东西借给别人,即我们通常所说的“借出去”。如:
①Thank you for lending me your bike.
谢谢你把自行车借给我。
②He often lends money to his brother.
他经常借钱给他弟弟。
2.provide提供;供给
(1)provide意为“提供”
常用结构:provide sb.with sth.,相当于provide sth.for sb.。如:
He provides six poor children with food and clothes.
=He provides food and clothes for six poor children.
他给六个穷孩子提供食物和衣服。
(2)同义词offer侧重表示“主动提供”,
常用于offer sb.sth./offer sth.to sb.主动提供某人某物。
offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事,offer后不能接宾语从句。如:
She offered me a cup of tea.
她给我端了杯茶。
3.since自……以来 (表示一段时间)
(1)since作连词时,意为“自……以来;从……以后”,引导时间状语从句。如:
①It is two years since we visited your mother.
自从我们看望你母亲以来有两年了。
②He has learned some Chinese songs since he came to China.
自从他来到中国,他已经学了一些中文歌曲。
(2)since 作连词时,还意为“由于;因为;既然”,引导原因状语从句。如:
①Since we don't have money, we can't buy a house.
由于我们没有钱,我们买不起一座房子。
②Since everyone is here, let's begin the meeting.
既然大家都到了,我们开始开会吧。
语气没有because强烈,提一下大家都知道的原因。
4.drop和fall
(1)fall为不及物动词,意为“落下;跌落”。如:
①The leaves fall in autumn.
树叶在秋天落下。
②The old man fell off the bike and hurt himself.
fall off= fall down from
jump off=jump down from
老人从自行车上掉下来,伤了他自己。
(2)drop 意为“落下;掉下”,既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。如:
①The bottle dropped and broke into pieces.
瓶子掉下了,摔成碎片。
②He always played computer games and his grades dropped.
他老是玩电脑游戏,他的成绩下降了。
③He dropped his pen yesterday.
昨天他掉了钢笔。
[_^strong:7863af28!]句法精析
1.She didn't do any housework and neither did I.
她没有做家务,我也没有做。
(1)neither作代词时,常与of连用,意为“两者都不”,作主语时,谓语动词单复数皆可,但在正式文体中,常用单数。如:
①Neither of the cars was/were broken.
两部车都没有破。
②Neither of the answers is/are right.
这两个答案都不对。
(2)neither of 的反义词组为both of, 其后的谓语动词必须用复数。如:
Both of my parents are teachers.
我父母都是老师。
2.Anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult.
反正我觉得做家务也不太难。
(1)anyway是一个副词,若位于句首,其后往往会有逗号将其与句子的其他内容隔开。anyway在此句中的作用是追加评论,意为“而且;加之;反正”。如:
Anyway, I'm free now. Let me go with you.
我反正现在闲着没事,就陪你走一趟吧。
(2)anyway还可意为“不管怎样;无论如何”。如:
Anyway, the news seems to be good for you.
无论如何,这个消息对你来说是好的。
3.The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.
孩子越早学会独立,对他们的未来就越好。
“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……越……”。如:
①The more we do for others, the happier we'll be.
我们为别人做得越多,我们就越幸福。
②The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make.
你越仔细,犯的错误就会越少。
语法精讲
1.情态动词could表示请求和建议
(1)could 可以表示有礼貌地请求和请求允许,比can更委婉客气, ,而要用can。如:
①—Could you (please) help me carry the bag?
你能帮我提袋子吗?
—Sure, I'd love to./Sorry, I can't.
当然,我很乐意。/对不起,我不能。
②—Could I use your phone?
我能用你的手机吗?
—Yes, you can./No, you can't.
是的,可以。/不,不可以。
请求别人不要做某事,可用Could you please not do sth.?请你不要(做)……好吗?如:
Could you please not smoke here?
请你不要在这里抽烟好吗?
回答可说:Sorry, I won't.对不起,我不会了。
(2)could可以表示建议。如:
①You could visit the sick kids in the hospital and cheer them up.
你可以去医院看望那些生病的孩子并且使他们高兴起来。
②The girl could volunteer in an afterschool study program to teach kids.
这个女孩可以自愿在课外学习班教孩子。
2.动词不定式
(1)作宾语。如:
①I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer.(第一个动词不定式作宾语)
我想把去一家动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。
②We decided to put up signs around the school.
我们决定在学校周边张贴标语。
(后接不定式的动词举例:plan, need,hope,wish,intend,try, like,remember,froget…)
(2)作目的状语。如:
We are trying to come up with some ideas to cheer up sick children.(第二个动词不定式作目的状语)
(3) 作原因状语
I’m very happy to be your new teacher.
(4) 作结果状语
You’re too young to get married.
我们正在努力想一些法子来使生病的孩子们高兴起来。
(3)作宾语补足语。如:
Lily asked me to go shopping yesterday.
莉莉昨天邀请我去购物。
(后接宾补动词举例:wish ,want,need,encourage,tell, teach… +sb. to do
unit 4
重点短语
a big deal重要的事
after-school classes课外活动课
all the time一直
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
be angry with sb. 生某人的气
be oneself做自己
call sb. up打电话给某人
compete with sb. 与某人竞争
copy one's homework抄袭某人的作业
cut out删除
family members
fight a lot经常吵架/打架
get better grades取得更好的成绩
get enough sleep有足够的睡眠
get into a fight with sb与某人吵架/打架
give one's opinion提出某人的观点
give sb. pressure给某人施压
hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛
hang over笼罩
have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架
have free time有空闲时间
in future 今后
in the future 在未来
learn exam skills学习应试技巧
look through翻看
make sb. angry使某人生气
mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事
offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
so that以便
so... that... 如此……以至于……
spend time alone独自消磨时光
study too much学得过多
talk to sb. 与某人交谈
too many rules 太多规则
too much homework 太多作业
work out成功地发展;解决
worry about sth. 担心某事
write to sb. =write sb. a letter 给某人写信
词法精选
1.borrow my things without returning them
借我的东西不归还
without 是with的反义词,意为“没有”,后接名词、代词或动名词。如:
①We got there without any trouble.
我们到了那儿,一路上没遇到任何麻烦。
②He left without saying goodbye to us.
他没跟我们道别就离开了。
2.instead代替;反而;却
(1)instead作副词时,意为“代替;反而;却”,修饰整个句子作状语。如:
①Jack was ill, so I went instead.
杰克病了,因此换了我去。
②He never works; instead, he plays all day and all night.
他从不工作,却整日整夜地玩。
(2)instead of是一个双词介词,后接名词、代词或动名词。如:
①We drank some coffee instead of tea.
我们喝了一些咖啡而不是茶。
②I will go there instead of him.
我将代替他去那里。
3.offer 主动提出;自愿给予
(1)offer sth.提出……;提供……
The teacher offered him some useful advice on how to make learning more interesting.
老师向他提出了一些有关让学习更有趣的有益建议。
(2)offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
The kids offered to do the dishes after supper.
孩子们主动提出晚饭后洗盘子。
(3)offer sth.to sb.=offer sb.sth. 向某人提供某物
They decided to offer the job to Mike.
=They decided to offer Mike the job.
他们决定把这份工作给迈克。
句法精析
1.Why don't you...?
你为什么不……?
Why don't you...?表提建议的句型,可以与Why not...?进行句型转换。如:
Why don't you go out to play basketball with us?=Why not go out to play basketball with us?
你为什么不出去和我们一起打篮球呢?
2.Although she's wrong, it's not a big deal.
虽然她错了,但没什么大不了。
not a big deal意为“没什么大不了”。我们还可以说make a big deal,意为“做一笔大买卖”。
3.My parents don't allow me to hang out with my friends.
我的父母亲不允许我和朋友们出去闲逛。
allow是动词,意为“允许;准许”,常用结构如下:
(1)allow sb.to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。如:
My parents don't allow me to stay up late.
我父母不允许我熬夜。
(2)allow doing sth.意为“允许做某事”。如:
We don't allow talking loudly in public places.
我们不允许在公共场所大声喧哗。
语法精讲
连词until, so that, although等引导的状语从句
(1)until意为“直到”,引导时间状语从句,动词是短暂性动词时,常用not... until句式。
注意:时间状语从句表示将来的意思时,从句中的谓语动词不能用一般将来时,只能用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。如:
I won't leave until you come.
直到你来我才会离开。
(2)so that意为“以便;为了”,引导目的状语从句,从句中通常带有may, can, could, will, would等情态动词,主从句间连接紧凑,没有逗号相隔。如:
①I spend much time learning English so that I can get good grades.
我花很多时间学英语是为了能取得好成绩。
②You should call him so that you can say you're sorry.
你应该打电话给他以便你能道歉。
③You should eat more now so that you won't be hungry later.
你现在应该多吃点,这样你待会就不会饿了。
(3)although/though意为“尽管;虽然”,引导让步状语从句。在让步状语从句中,连词although或though不可与but同时使用。though引导的从句既可放在主句前,又可放在主句后;而although引导的从句大多数放在句首。如:
①Although she's wrong, it's not a big deal.
尽管她错了,但没什么大不了的。
②I don't know him well though we are in the same class.
虽然我们在同一班,但我不太了解他。
unit 5
重点短语
at the time of 当.......时候
be killed 被杀害
beat against... 拍打……
break...apart 使……分离
bring... together 使……靠拢
by the side of the road 在路边
die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐消失
fall asleep 进人梦乡;睡着
for example 例如
go off (闹钟)发出响声
have meaning to 对……有意义
hear the news 听到这个消息
important events in history 历史重大事件
in a mess 一团糟
in silence 沉默;无声
in the area 在这个地区
in times of difficulty 在困难的时候
make one's way to.... 在某人去……的路上
make sure 确信;确认
miss the bus 错过公交车
miss the event 错过这个事件
more recently 最近地;新近
on the radio 通过广播
on TV 在电视上
more than 50/over 50 50多(岁)
pick up 接电话
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
remember to do sth. 记得去做某事
take a hot shower 洗热水澡
take down 拆除;摧毁
the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线
the World Trade Center 世贸中心
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
try to do sth. 努力做某事
wake up 醒来;叫醒……
walk by 走路经过
词法精选
1.when和while的区别
(1)表示“当……的时候”,如后面连接的动词为进行时态,则用while多于用when。而when通常与瞬间性动词或延续性不强的动词连用。如:
①I was waiting for the bus when it began to rain heavily.
当天开始下大雨时,我正在等公交车。
②While you were cooking, I went out to buy a cake.
当你正在烧饭时,我出去买了一个蛋糕。
(2)如果while前后的动词都是进行时态,while可意为“与此同时”。如:
I was doing my homework while my father was reading a newspaper.
当我爸爸在看报时,我在做作业。
(3)当while前后的句子描述的情况相对或相反, while可意为“而”,while更强调并列的对比而非转折。如:
I like sports while my sister likes reading.
我喜欢运动而我妹妹喜欢阅读。
2.remember to do sth.和remember doing sth.的区别
(1)remember to do sth. 表示“记得去做某事(还没做)”;remember doing sth. 表示“记得做过某事(已做过)”。如:
①I will remember to tell her about it.
我会记得告诉她这件事。
②Don't you remember telling me about it yesterday?
你不记得昨天已经告诉过我这件事了吗?
(2)有类似用法的短语还有:forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)/forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(还未做)。如:
①I forget closing the door.
我忘记我把门关了。(我关了门,但是我忘了这件事)
②I forgot to do my homework last night.
我昨天晚上忘记做作业了。(实际上我没有做)
3.make one's way 前往;费力地前进
As soon as he saw us, he made his way through the crowd to greet us.
他一看见我们就从人群中挤过来迎接我们。
与way搭配的常用词组
(1)in a way=in one way在一定程度上;从某方面说。如:
In a way he was right.
在某种程度上他是对的。
(2)on the way
1)表示“即将来(去);就要来(去)”。如:
Spring is on the way.
春天快到了。
2)表示“在路上;在行进中”。如:
He stopped for breakfast on the way.
他中途停下吃早点。
(3)by the way
1)表示“在途中的路旁”。如:
They stopped for a picnic by the way.
他们途中停在路边野餐。
2)表示“顺便说;顺便问”。如:
By the way, do you know where Mary lives?
顺便问一下,你知道玛丽住在哪里吗?
(4)in the way=in sb.'s way, 表示“挡路;碍事”。如:
①I'm afraid your car is in the way.
恐怕你的汽车挡道了。
②You are in my way.
你挡着我的路了。
句法精析
I had trouble thinking clearly after that because I was very afraid.
在那之后我难以清晰地思考,因为我很害怕。
have trouble (in) doing sth.为固定词组,意为“做某事有困难或麻烦”。表示类似意思的词组还有:have problems/difficulty (in) doing sth.。如:
①Thousands of people have trouble falling asleep.
成千上万的人都有难以入睡的困扰。
②He had no trouble finding a job.
他毫不费劲地找到了一份工作。
语法精讲
过去进行时和一般过去时的区别
(1)过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。其结构为:was/were+动词现在分词。与过去进行时连用的时间状语常有 at nine last night, at that time=then, at this time yesterday,或者有时间状语从句,如:when the teacher came in, while he was reading等的提示。如:
①What was the girl doing at the time of the rainstorm?
暴风雨来的时候这个女孩在干什么?
②Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.
倾盆大雨开始敲击窗户时,本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。
(2)过去进行时与一般过去时的区别在于:过去进行时强调的是在过去某一时间里正在发生的动作,侧重于动作持续时间的长度;一般过去时强调的是在过去某个时间发生了某个动作,侧重于单纯地说明一个过去的事实。如:
①He wrote the song last month.
上个月他写了那首歌。(表示动作发生在过去)
②He was writing the song last month.
上个月他一直在写那首歌。(表示动作持续进行)
unit 6
重点短语a fairy tale 一个神话故事
a little bit 有点儿
as soon as ... 一……就…....
at other times 在另外一些时候
be able to 能;会
become interested in... 对……感兴趣
change one's plan 改变计划
come out (书、电影等)出版
continue to do sth. 继续做某事
find one's way home 找到某人回家的路
get lost 迷路
get married 结婚
give up 放弃
go to sleep 去睡觉
in fact 事实上
in the moonlight 在月光下
instead of 代替;反而
keep doing sth. 坚持做某事
lead sb. to sp. 把某人领到某地
leave sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事
make a plan to do sth. 筹划/计划做某事
make sth. happen 使某事发生
once upon a time 从前
put on 穿
send sb. to sp. 派某人去某地
so...that... 如此.......以致于.......
tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事
tell the/a story 讲故事
the journey to sp. ......之旅
the main character 主要人物;主人公
the next day 第二天
the rest of the story 故事的其余部分
try to do sth. 努力做某事
turn...into... 使......变成......
walk to the other side 走到另一边去
work on doing sth. 致力于做某事
词法精选
1.be moved 被感动
I was moved by his story.
我被他的故事所感动。
moving意为“感人的”。如:
①His story is moving.
他的故事是感人的。
②I was moved by his moving story.
我被他感人的故事感动了。
2.remind 提醒;使想起
remind作及物动词时,意为“提醒;使想起”。
(1)常用remind sb.+that 从句/what 从句,意为“提醒某人去做某事;使某人想起去做某事”。如:
①Would you please remind him that we will put off the meeting?
请你提醒他我们将推迟会议好吗?
②This reminds me what we did together during our holidays.
这使我想起了我们在假日里一起做的事。
(2)remind sb.of/about sth.意为“使某人想起某事;提醒某人某事”。如:
①The river reminds me of my childhood.
这条河使我想起我的童年时代。
②I want to remind you of the rules for school parties.
关于学校派对,有几个规定我想提醒你们。
(3)remind sb.to do sth. 意为“提醒某人做某事”。如:
Please remind me to buy some milk tonight.
请提醒我今天晚上买点牛奶。
3.a little bit silly 有点愚蠢
(1)a little 修饰不可数名词或者形容词。如:
a little hungry 有点饿
a little time一点时间
(2)a bit 修饰形容词,如:a bit hungry 有点饿;但修饰名词时,要加of,如:a bit of time一点时间。
a little bit和a bit的用法一样。
4.become/be interested in 对……感兴趣
in是介词,后面跟名词、代词或动名词。如:
This book is so interesting that all the students in our class are interested in it.
这本书如此有趣以至于我们班所有的学生都对它感兴趣。
5.Western 西方国家的;欧美的;西方的
①As we know, there are many differences between Western culture and Chinese culture.
正如我们所知,西方文化和中国文化有很多不同。
②Xinjiang is in the western part of China.
新疆在中国的西部。
注意:west 是名词,表示方位,前面要加定冠词the,如:in the west of China 在中国的西部。
句法精析
1.This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects.
这是因为他能对他的形状和大小做出72种变化,把自己变成不同的动物和物体。
(1)This is because...意为“这是因为……”,后面跟的是原因或理由。如:
He failed the exam. This is because he did not study hard.
他考试不及格。这是因为他不努力学习。
(2)This is why...意为“这就是为什么……”,后面跟的是结果。如:
Tom overslept this morning. This is why he was late for work.
汤姆今天早上睡过头了。这就是他上班迟到的原因。
2.But the story is trying to show us that anything is possible if you work hard!
但是这个故事试图向我们说明,只要你努力,任何事情都有可能!
anything is possible意为“任何事情都有可能”,相当于nothing is impossible(没有什么是不可能的)。
语法精讲
连词unless, as soon as, so... that等引导的状语从句
(1)unless意为“除非”,相当于if not,引导条件状语从句,如果主句是一般将来时态,从句则用一般现在时态。如:
①The sports meeting will continue unless it rains this afternoon.
除非下午下雨,不然运动会还将继续。
②He cannot turn himself into a person unless he can hide his tail.
他不能把自己变成人,除非他把尾巴藏起来。
(2)as soon as意为“一……就……”,相当于when,引导时间状语从句,如果主句是一般将来时态,从句则用一般现在时态。如:
①As soon as he sees bad people, he thinks of ways to fight them.
他一看到坏人,就想办法打他们。
②She will send us a message as soon as she gets to Sydney.
她一到悉尼就会给我们发信息。
(3)so... that意为“如此……以至于……”, 引导结果状语从句,so后面接形容词或者副词,that后面接句子。如:
①That bird's song is so beautiful that we should follow it.
那只鸟的歌曲是如此优美以至于我们应该跟着它。
②Sometimes he makes the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear.
有时候他把棍子变得如此的小以至于他能把它放在耳朵里。
unit 7
重点短语achieve one's dream 实现某人的梦想
any other mountain 其它任何一座山
as big as 与…… 一样大
as far as I know 据我所知
at birth 在出生的时候
be in danger 处于危险之中
cut down the forests 砍伐林木
endangered animals 濒危动物
even though 虽然;尽管
every two years 每两年
fall over 摔倒
feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事
fewer and fewer pandas 大熊猫越来越少
freezing weather 冰冻的天气
give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
in the face of difficulties
面临危险
in the world 在世界上
in the future 在未来
man-made objects 人造物体
of all the salt lakes
在所有的咸水湖中
one of the oldest countries
最古老的国家之一
part of... ...... 的组成部分
prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物
reach the top 到达顶峰
run along 跨越……
run over with excitement
兴奋地跑过去
take care of 照顾;照料
take in air 呼吸空气
the first people to do sth.
第一个做某事的人
the forces of nature 自然界的力量
the highest mountain 最高的山脉
the importance of saving these animals
拯救这些动物的重要性
walk into sb. 撞到某人
词法精选
1.6,671 kilometers long 长6 671千米
(1)用“数词+名词(复数)+形容词”的结构表示长、宽、高、深及年龄等。如:
①He is seven years old. 他七岁。
②The Yangtze River is about 6,300 kilometers long. 长江长约6 300千米。
(2)但表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词应用连字符连起来,结构为:数词名词单数形容词,整个用连字符连起来的形容词放在相应的名词之前。如:
He is a sevenyearold boy.
他是一个七岁大的男孩。
2.weigh和weight的区别
(1)weigh作动词,意为“重量是……;称……的重量”。如:
①—How much does he weigh?
他多重?
—He weighs 65 kilos.
他重量是65公斤。
②Can you weigh the meat for me?
你能替我称一下肉吗?
(2)weight 作名词,意为“重量”。如:
—What's the weight of the sheep?
这只羊多重?
—It's 20 kilos in weight.
它的重量是20公斤。
3.include和including的区别
(1)include作及物动词,意为“包含;包括”,指包含其中的一部分。如:
①The price includes both house and furniture. 这个价格包括房子和家具的价格。
②The class of twenty includes eight girls.
全班20人中包括8个女生。
(2)include作动词,还可意为“算在内;列在里面”。如:
Please include me in your group.
请把我算在你们组内。
(3)including是介词,意为“包括;包含在内”,和其后的名词或代词一起构成介宾短语。如:
There are forty students in the classroom, including me.
包括我在内,教室里有40个学生。
句法精析
China has the biggest population in the world.
中国有世界上最多的人口。
population为集合名词,意为“人口”。其用法如下:
(1)population常与定冠词the连用,作主语时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。如:
The world's population is increasing faster and faster. 全世界人口增长得越来越快。
(2)当主语表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers.
中国大约有70%的人口是农民。
(3)有时population可用作可数名词,其前可用不定冠词。如:
New York is a big city with a population of over 10 million.
纽约是一个有一千多万人口的大城市。
(4)表示人口的多或少不用much 或little,而要用large/big或small。如:
①India has a large population.
印度人口众多。
②Singapore has a small population.
新加坡人口少。
(5)询问某国、某地有多少人口时,不用How much...?而用How large...?;问具体人口时用What's the population of...?。如:
①How large is the population of your hometown? 你们家乡有多少人口?
②What is the population of Canada?
加拿大的人口有多少?
语法精讲
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
(1)形容词和副词的比较级
1)两个人或物比较时,一方程度超过另一方,就需要用到比较级。
用“A+be/实义动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+B”结构。如:
My brother is taller than my father.
我的哥哥/弟弟比我的爸爸高。
2)表示“……是两者中较……的一个”,比较级前用定冠词the。如:
She is the taller of the two girls.
她是两个女孩中较高的一个。
3)表示“越来越……”,用“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more+原级”结构。如:
①The days are getting longer and longer.
白天越来越长。
②Our city is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的城市正变得越来越美。
4)比较级代替最高级,用“比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数”或“比较级+than+the other+可数名词复数”句型。如:
Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world.=Qomolangma is higher than the other mountains in the world.
珠穆朗玛峰比世界上其他山都高。
5)表示“一方是另一方的几倍”,用“twice/three(four, five...) times+比较级+than”句型。如:
He can write twice faster than I(me).=He can write twice as fast as I(me).
他写字比我快一倍。
(2)形容词和副词的最高级
1)三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,需要使用最高级。其结构是: A+be/实义动词+the+形容词/副词最高级+of/in+比较范围(形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the,副词最高级前the可有可无)。如:
My brother is the tallest in my family.
我弟弟/哥哥在家族中是最高的。
2)表示“最……之一”,用“one of+the+最高级+名词复数”。如:
China is one of the oldest countries in the world. 中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。
3)表示“第……/最……”,用“the+序数词+最高级+名词”。如:
He is the second tallest boy in our class.
他是我们班第二高的男孩。
unit 8
重点短语a few weeks ago 几个星期前 |
a good way to wake up 醒来的一个好办法 |
an island full of treasures 一个满是宝藏的岛屿 |
at the end of the day 傍晚的时候 |
be kind to each other 善待彼此 |
belong to 属于 |
can't w ait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事 |
come to realize 开始意识到 |
do some research on sth. 对……做研究 |
enjoy success in 享受……的成功 |
ever since then 自从那时起 |
finish doing sth. 做完某事 |
go out to sea 出海 |
grow fruits and vegetables 种水果和蔬菜 |
have been to sp. 去过某地 |
hope to do sth. 希望做某事 |
hurry up 赶快;匆忙 |
in two weeks 在两周之内 |
learn to do sth. 学会做某事 |
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 |
not long after that 不久之后 |
number of people 人数 |
on page 25 在第25页 |
read the newspaper 看报 |
run towards sp. 跑向某地 |
science fiction 科幻小说 |
see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事 |
signs left behind by someone 某人留下的标记 |
study abroad 在国外学习 |
the back of the book 书的背面 |
the beauty of nature 大自然的美 |
the firs t line in the song 歌曲的第一行 |
the marks of another man's feet 另一个人的脚印 |
the southern states of America 美国的南部地区 |
trust one another 互相信任 |
use...to do sth. 用……来做某事 |
used to do sth. (过去)常常做某事 |
wait for another ship 等待另一艘船到来 |
write about 写作关于……的内容 |
词法精选
1.be full of 满是……的;充满的
(1)full为形容词,与of连用,后面跟名词,着重强调状态。如:
The area is full of beautiful lakes and rivers.
这个区域有大量美丽的湖泊和河流。
(2)同义词组为be filled with,着重强调动作。如:
The bottle is filled with water.
瓶子里装满了水。
2.hurry up 快点;赶快
(1)hurry up为固定短语,意为“赶快;快点”。如:
Hurry up, or we cannot get to the railway station on time.
快些,否则我们不能按时赶到火车站了。
(2)hurry的其他常用短语:
1)hurry off/away 匆匆离去。如:
Miss Zhao hurried off to look after the man.
赵老师匆匆赶去照顾那个人。
2)hurry into(使)匆忙进入……;(使)赶快/匆忙开始从事/做……。如:
He doesn't like to hurry into things.
他做事不喜欢急匆匆的。
3)hurry out 匆忙出去。如:
The man hurried out of the car before reporters could speak to him.
记者们还未来得及与他交谈,这人就匆匆走出了汽车。
4)in a hurry匆忙地。如:
①Don't be in a hurry.
不要匆忙。
②He put on his coat in a hurry and went out. 他匆忙地穿上外套出去了。
3.one another 互相
(1)one another与each other均为代词,是同义词组,意为“相互;彼此”。他们在及物动词之后直接用作宾语(如:help each other);而在不及物动词之后,则要借助介词(如:talk to each other)。如:
①We all try and help one another.
我们都尽力互相帮助。
②The sea and the sky seemed to melt into each other. 大海和蓝天似乎融为一体。
(2)one another 和each other常可互换,并且两者均有所有格。如:
They know each other's/one another's weak points. 他们都彼此了解对方的缺点。
句法精析
1.It's about four sisters growing up.
它是关于四姐妹成长的故事。
growing up为现在分词短语,在句中作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句,上面的例句可以转换为含有定语从句的主从复合句,即:It's about four sisters who are growing up.。如:
The girl standing there is my sister.=The girl who is standing there is my sister.
站在那里的女孩是我的姐姐/妹妹。
2.The book report is due in two weeks.
读书报告两周后必须上交。
due作形容词,意为“预期的;预定的”,其后可接不定式to do。如:
①When is the train due?
火车预定什么时候到?
②The guests are due to arrive very soon.
客人们很快就会到。
3.Who else is on my island?
还有谁在我的岛上?
(1)else作形容词时常常用来作后置定语,即:放在疑问代词who, what等后面,或者放在something, anything, nothing, anyone, everyone等不定代词之后。如:
—What else do you want?
你还想要别的什么?
—Nothing else.
没别的想要了。
(2)else也可作副词,通常放在疑问副词when, where, how等的后面。如:
Where else do you want to go?
你想去别的什么地方吗?
4.The Toms must be popular.
汤姆乐队一定是家喻户晓的。
must be表示肯定的猜测,语气最强,把握最大,意为“一定是”。其他表示猜测的情态动词:may be意为“可能是”(语气和把握次之);might be意为“也许是”(语气和把握较弱);can't be 表示否定的猜测,意为“不可能是”。如:
①The book must be Tom's because it has his name on it.
这本书一定是汤姆的,因为上面有他的名字。
②He can't be in the room because the room is dark. 他不可能在房间里,因为房间很暗。
5.The number of records he has sold...
他已售出的唱片的数量……
(1)the number of意为“……的数量”,后面跟可数名词的复数。作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:
The number of the students in our class is 48. 我们班级学生人数为48。
(2)a number of意为“一些;若干”,相当于some,后面跟可数名词的复数。作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:
I decided not to go, for a number of reasons.
我决定不去,有几个理由。
语法精讲
现在完成时以及already, yet的用法
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果;或表示过去的动作一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去。现在完成时的结构为:have/has+动词过去分词。
经常与现在完成时态连用的副词及短语有:already, just, ever, yet, never, before, recently, so far, by now, since then等。其中already与just多用于肯定句中;yet与never多用于疑问句和否定句中。如:
①I've already finished reading Harry Potter. 我已经看完《哈利·波特》。
②I chose Treasure Island, but I haven't finished reading it yet.
我选择看《金银岛》,但我还没有看完。
③Have you decided yet which book to write about for English class?
你已经决定英语课写哪一本书了吗?
unit 9
重点短语
a couple of times 好几次
a great way to spend a Saturday afternoon
一个过周六下午的好办法
a nice place to enjoy tea
一个品茶的好地方
all the old movie camera
所有的古老的电影摄影机
all year round
一年到头,终年
an amusement park with a special theme
一个有特别的主题的游乐园
an English-speaking country
一个讲英语的国家
be far from
离……远
camp in the mountains
在大山里露营
development of toilets
厕所的发展
different kinds of 各种各样的
during the daytime 在白天
encourage sb. to do sth
鼓励某人做某事
go skating 去滑冰
go somewhere different
去不同的地方
have a problem doing sth
做某事很困难
have been to sp. 去过某地
hear of 听说
in a more natural environment
在一个更加自然的环境中
in such a rapid way
以如此速猛的方式
in the dark 在黑暗中
in the past 在过去
learn about sth
了解有关,的情况
make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets
用漂亮的茶具沏一杯完美的茶
on the one hand....on the other hand
一方面,另一方面
on the weekend 在周末
put up a tent 搭帐篷
right now 现在,目前
science museum 科学博物馆
social groups 社会团体
southeast Asia 东南亚
take a ride 兜风
take the subway 坐地铁
the tea art performances
茶艺表演
the Terracotta Army 兵马俑
Thousands of 数以千计的
three quarters 四分之三
Walk around the park
在公园里到处走
词法精选
1.encourage 鼓励
及物动词,意为“鼓励”,encourage sb.to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事,encourage sb.in sth.在某方面鼓励某人。如:
①My father encouraged me to take part in the sports meeting.
父亲鼓励我参加运动会。
②Her parents encouraged her in her studies.
父母鼓励她学习。
2.quarter四分之一;一刻钟
three quarters四分之三;三刻钟。如:
①I've got to go in a quarter of an hour.
一刻钟以后我就得走了。
②Three quarters of the Chinese are farmers.
四分之三的中国人是农民。
3.hear of 听说
(1)hear of意为“听说”, 相当于hear about。如:
①I have never heard about/of such a man.
我从未听说过这样一个人。
②I've just heard of/about his illness.
我刚听说他生病了。
(2)hear about/of sb.doing sth.意为“听说某人做某事”。如:
I've never heard of anyone doing a thing like that. 我从未听说有人干过那种事。
4.on the one hand... on the other hand...
一方面……另一方面……
On the one hand, she taught English, and on the other hand, she learned Chinese.
她一方面教英语, 另一方面学习汉语。
5.whether 不管……(还是);或者……(或者);是否
whether作连词,可意为“是否”,许多情况下,相当于if。现将它们的用法归纳如下:
(1)whether和 if 在引导宾语从句时常常可以互换。如:
I don't know whether/if he will be able to come. 我不知道他是否能来。
(2)在下列情况下常用whether而不用if:
1)宾语从句中提出两种选择时。如:
He doesn't know whether he should go with me or stay at home.
他不知道是该和我去还是留在家里。
2)宾语从句前置时。如:
Whether she will come, I'm not sure.
我不确定她是否来。
3)引导介词后的宾语从句时。如:
①I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
我担心是否伤了她的感情。
②It all depends on whether they will support us. 这完全取决于他们是否会支持我们。
4)为避免产生歧义,常用whether表示“是否”。如:
①Please let me know whether you need my help. 请告诉我你是否需要我的帮助。
②Please let me know if you need my help. 此句有两种含义:a.请告诉我你是否需要我的帮助。b.如果你需要我的帮助,请告诉我。
5)引导主语从句或表语从句时。如:
①Whether he will come is uncertain.
他是否来还没有确定。
②The question is whether it is worth doing.
问题在于做这事是否值得。
6)后接不定式短语时。如:
①He doesn't know whether to go or not.
他不知道是去还是不去。
②She hasn't decided whether to accept or to refuse. 她还没有决定是接受还是拒绝。
7)引导让步状语从句时。如:
①Whether he agrees or not, I shall do that.
不管他同意与否,我都要做。
②I show everything on my face, whether I am angry or pleased.
无论生气还是高兴,我都会表现在脸上。
8)注意:引导条件状语从句时,用if,译为“如果;假定”。
If it rains, we'll stay at home.
如果下雨,我们就待在家。
句法精析
1.It's really interesting, isn't it?
这真的很有趣,不是吗?
反意疑问句由陈述句和附加疑问句组成。通常当反意疑问句的陈述句部分是肯定形式时,附加疑问句为否定式;当陈述句部分是否定形式时,附加疑问句为肯定式。回答只需依据事实回答。如:
—He didn't return the money to you, did he? 他没还你钱,是吗?
—No, he didn't.是的,他没还。
(1)当反意疑问句的陈述句部分有nobody, nothing, no, never, few, little, hardly等表示否定含义的词时,附加疑问句部分用肯定形式。如:
He has never been to Paris, has he?
他从来没去过巴黎,是吗?
(2)当反意疑问句的陈述句部分是祈使句时,后面的附加疑问句一般为:shall we?/will you?或won't you?。如:
①Let's play football, shall we?
让我们踢足球,好吗?
②Let us read the text, will you/won't you?
让我们读课文,好吗/不好吗?
2.It's unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way!
很难相信技术竟然以如此快速的方式发展!
这句话是一个含有主语从句的主从复合句,it为形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。如:
①It's quite clear that he has read this book.
很显然,他看过这本书。
②It doesn't matter what he says.
他说什么没关系。
语法精讲
现在完成时以及have been,have gone to的用法
(1)have been的用法
1)have been意为“成为……”,常与for, since引导的时间状语连用。如:
She has been a teacher for five years.
她成为老师五年了。
2)have been in意为“在某地待了多长时间”,常与for, since引导的时间状语连用。如:
①The teacher has been in our school since two years ago.
那个老师在我们学校两年了。
②His parents have been in China for three months.
他的父母亲在中国三个月了。
3)have been to意为“曾经去过某地”,现在已不在那里了,常与ever, just, never等词连用。其后可接once, twice等表示次数的词。如:
①I have just been to a library.
我刚刚去过图书馆。
②They have never been to the Great Wall.
他们从来没有去过长城。
③My father has been to Beijing many times.
我爸爸去过北京很多次了。
(2)have gone to的用法
have gone to意为“到某地去了”,说话人不在现场,通常是第三人称作句子的主语,不能用第一、二人称。如:
①—Where is Tom?
汤姆在哪里?
—He has gone to the post office.
他去邮局了。
②My father isn't here. He has gone to Beijing.
我爸爸不在这里,他去北京了。
unit 10
重点短语according to 依照,按照 |
in one's opinion 依......看 |
in my time 在我那个年代 |
board games 棋类游戏 |
bring back sweet memories 勾起甜美的回忆 |
check out 察看,观察 |
clear out 清理 |
do with 处理,处置 |
for the last 13 years 在过去的13年里 |
give away 捐赠 |
have a yard sale 进行庭院拍卖会 |
in need 需要 |
in order to 为了 |
junior high school 初级中学 |
no longer 不再 |
not...any more 不再..... |
one last thing 最后一样东西 |
one's old things 某人的旧东西 |
part with 与.....分开 |
play for a while 玩一会 |
regard with great interest 以极大的兴趣关注着 |
ride a bike 骑自行车 |
search for work 找工作 |
so far 迄今,到目前为止 |
stay the same 保持原状 |
the mid-20th century 20世纪中期 |
these days 目前,现在 |
to be honest 说实在的 |
toy monkey 玩具猴 |
welcome to sp. 欢迎来到..... |
词法精选
1.a couple of两个;少数几个
a couple of为固定词组,意为“少数几个”,相当于several。如:
①He bought a couple of books for his daughter.他为他女儿买了几本书。
②I spent a couple of days doing some sightseeing in Guilin.
我花了几天时间游览了桂林。
2.as for 至于
as for意为“至于”,为复合介词,后接名词或代词。如:
①He likes summer, but as for me, I prefer winter.
他喜欢夏天,但是对我来说,我更喜欢冬天。
②As for girls, we have skirts for only 30 dollars.
至于女孩,我们有只要30美元的裙子。
3.search 搜索;搜查
(1)search作不及物动词,意为“搜索;搜查”。短语search for 意为“搜寻;找寻”。如:
They went to the big city to search for jobs.
他们到大城市去找工作。
(2)search作及物动词,意为“在……搜查;搜查……”。如:
①They searched the Internet for the information.
他们在因特网上寻找信息。
②You can search me if you think you're man enough.
有胆的话,你可以搜我的身。
4.in my opinion 依我看
in one's opinion意为“依……看”,相当于according to。如:
In my opinion, it's best to make some cards for our teachers.
依我看,最好给我们的老师做些卡片。
5.hold 拥有;抓住
(1)作及物动词,意为“拿; 抱; 握住”。如:
Hold the baby a minute, please.
请把孩子抱一下。
(2)作及物动词,意为“包含; 容纳”。如:
①Our classroom is big enough to hold sixty students.
我们的教室足够大,能容纳60个学生。
②The box can hold all my clothes.
这箱子能装下我的全部衣服。
(3)作及物动词,意为“举行; 进行”。如:
They will hold a meeting to discuss this problem tomorrow.
他们明天将开会讨论这个问题。
(4)作及物动词,意为“拥有;承载”。如:
My hometown is the place that holds all my childhood memories.
我的家乡是一个承载我所有童年回忆的地方。
句法精析
1.To be honest, I have not played for a while now.
老实讲,现在我已经有一段时间没玩了。
(1)to be honest意为“说实在的;老实讲”, 是从个人主观的概念上出发的。如:
To be honest, I don't like playing the piano at all.
说实话,我一点都不喜欢弹钢琴。
(2)honest可以修饰名词,意为“诚实的”。如:
He is an honest boy.
他是一个诚实的男孩。
(3)本单元中出现的truthful与honest同义。如:
He is a truthful boy.
他是一个诚实的男孩。
2.As they get bigger, our house seems to get smaller.
随着他们的长大,我们的房子似乎变得更小了。
as表示两个同步发生的动作或行为,意为“随着……”。如:
①As time went by, she became more and more beautiful.
随着时间的流逝,她变得越来越美了。
②As children get older, they become more and more interested in everything.
随着孩子们的长大,他们对一切越来越感兴趣了。1.To be honest, I have not played for a while now.
老实讲,现在我已经有一段时间没玩了。
(1)to be honest意为“说实在的;老实讲”, 是从个人主观的概念上出发的。如:
To be honest, I don't like playing the piano at all.
说实话,我一点都不喜欢弹钢琴。
(2)honest可以修饰名词,意为“诚实的”。如:
He is an honest boy.
他是一个诚实的男孩。
(3)本单元中出现的truthful与honest同义。如:
He is a truthful boy.
他是一个诚实的男孩。
2.As they get bigger, our house seems to get smaller.
随着他们的长大,我们的房子似乎变得更小了。
as表示两个同步发生的动作或行为,意为“随着……”。如:
①As time went by, she became more and more beautiful.
随着时间的流逝,她变得越来越美了。
②As children get older, they become more and more interested in everything.
随着孩子们的长大,他们对一切越来越感兴趣了。
语法精讲
现在完成时以及for, since的用法
(1)当现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去一直持续到现在时,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用。其结构为:“for+一段时间”;“since+一个过去的时间点”。如:
①I've studied English for three years.
我学习英语已经三年了。
②I've studied English since three years ago.
我三年前就学习英语了。
③I've studied English since I was ten years old.
我十岁的时候就学习英语了。
(2)现在完成时态中延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换:
1)非延续性动词也被称为终止性动词、瞬间性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, close, leave, die, become, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用,如:two years ago, at 5 o'clock。如:
He died 5 years ago.
他5年前去世了。
2)延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, wait, watch等。延续性动词可以和表示时间段的状语连用,如:“for+时间段”,“since+时间点”,“since+从句(过去时)”,“since+一段时间+ago”等,可用how long对持续时间进行提问。如:
①He has been dead since five years ago.=He has been dead for five years.=He died five years ago.
他死了5年了。/他5年前死的。
②He borrowed the book two weeks ago.=He has kept the book for two weeks.=He has kept the book since two weeks ago.
这本书他是两星期前借的。/这本书他借了两星期了。
③They left here three days ago.=They have been away from here for three days.=They have been away from here since three days ago.
他们是3天前离开这儿的。/他们离开这儿3天了。
(3)另外还可以用“It's / It has been+一段时间+since引导的时间状语”,来表示动作的持续。如:
①It's three years since he came to this school.
他来这所学校有三年了。
②It has been many years since we met last time.
自从我们上次见面已经有好多年了。
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