中医怎么给外国人看病
李博医生为商务部对外交流班学员授课
中医怎么给外国人看病,他们的脉和中国人一样吗? 从非洲归来,李博医生用7年的时间精心整理了在坦桑尼亚一年半的诊疗心得《中医师海外行医日记》。用18个暖心的门诊故事回顾了非洲的中医诊疗细节。这里面,有成功的喜悦,也有失败的困惑,有病情变化的思考,也有医路行走的情怀。穿越中非友谊的桥梁,在一路一带的历史中,延续了东方文明的智慧。
门诊故事
十八年奇怪皮肤病的终结
毛发红糠疹的中医药治疗
疑难杂症哪里都有,非洲特别多见,有很多老患者,来门诊的时候也都是抱着试试看的原则。
卓雅大妈来到门诊第一句话就是,大夫,我这个都18年了,咱们试试看吧。看她一脸的茫然,显然是这么多年来,对治疗她的疾病已经失去了信心。但是既然来了,就说明,人家是抱着希望来的,我们就要给她建立信心。
1969年5月出生的卓雅大妈,一直生活在达累斯萨拉姆郊区的一个农场。2009年11月10日,第一次来我的门诊,她的问题是全身部分皮肤白色脱屑起皮持续18余年,卓雅从18年前开始,双手,双足,腹部大部分地方,胸部乳房下开始对称出现皮肤的白色脱屑,起皮,面积较大,颜色浅红及白色相间,类似浅鱼鳞状及雪花片状,颜色不同于其他地方,开始为疼痛,后演变为剧痒,压之不褪色,略高出皮肤,连接成片,经过搔抓后痒甚,面积逐渐扩大,早晨及夜间严重。曾多方诊治,没有收到任何效果,纳可,二便调,心情愉快无压力,饮食无偏嗜。已停用他药3个月了,症状一直在,求诊中医药治疗。
看了她的舌脉,舌体适中,舌红苔薄白,脉滑,没有什么特殊,思考半天,关键是诊断还不明确。
那这样就有一个问题,对于诊断不明确的疾病,是否可以治疗呢?
回答是肯定的,因为缓解患者的痛苦为先,这一条,中西医都有共识。所以,无论中医还是西医,缓解症状,对症进行辨证论治,都是可以的。根据症状,状态的辨证:风湿血毒聚于皮肤,考虑病程日久,我们先把状态调整一下,治疗以凉血活血、疏风解毒为原则,选用四物消风散加减。具体处方:生地黄20g,当归10g,川芎10g,赤芍20g,荆芥10g,防风10g,牡丹皮10g,桑叶10g,蒲公英10g,紫花地丁10g,生薏苡仁20g,炒谷芽10g。6剂颗粒剂,温水冲服,每日两次。
五玉膏3盒,外用,每次2g。涂抹患处。
卓雅大妈初诊时皮损表现
复诊2009年11月17日:服用上方后,诸症好转,可看到腹部皮肤明显好转,皮肤痒的情况基本消失,舌红苔薄白,脉弦滑。继服上方,巩固治疗。卓雅非常开心,这是她从来没有遇到的疗效。
三诊2009年11月24日:情况又发生了逆转,继续服上方后,病情有反复,痒,并且皮肤外观情况变差。基本上又回去了,卓雅说,好像又回去了,疾病加重。纳食可,二便调,出现外阴瘙痒,舌红苔薄白,脉滑。仍然效不更方,加用妇科千金片,每次6片,一天2次,以清理下焦湿热。
为什么出现了外阴的瘙痒,我考虑,服用的药物促进了身体的新陈代谢,很多驱邪外出的药物,让外阴成为了一个出口。这是中医药因势利导的治疗原则。
卓雅大妈三诊时皮损表现
四诊2009年12月1日:服上方继续好转,但是没有恢复到复诊那么好的程度。但外阴瘙痒已经痊愈,应该是把身体的湿气排出了大部分。纳食可,二便调,舌红苔薄白,脉沉。继服上方汤药颗粒剂,停妇科千金片,加用防风通圣,每次6g,一天2次。
卓雅大妈四诊时皮损表现
五诊2009年12月11日:本次治疗后,皮肤有很大程度的改观,这是效果最明显的一次,双手皮肤也开始好转,逐渐接近正常皮肤。舌红苔薄白中间稍厚腻,脉沉。继服上方及防风通圣丸。
卓雅大妈五诊时皮损表现
六诊2009年12月18日:皮肤继续好转,接近正常皮肤。其他正常。舌红苔薄白中间稍腻,脉沉。继服上方巩固治疗。
卓雅大妈六诊时皮损表现
原方服用1个月后痊愈,后来卓娅在半年和1年后分别给我发了邮件,非常感谢我的诊疗,18年的疾病,终于得到了彻底解决。再没有复发过。
本例进行了详细的图文记录,诊疗过程中进行了拍照对比。这是1例皮肤疑难杂症,病史18年之久,治疗之前没有任何把握,也没有诊断究竟属于皮肤病中的哪类神仙。但是经过辨证,使用疏风活血、凉血解毒之法,收到了不错的效果,记录的皮肤状况,虽然有反复,但是最终还是有了明显的改观,并且没有再复发。希望一点点的经验积累,可以印在行医之路上。
第一,这是什么疾病,究竟可以诊断什么?经过和国内同行的网上反复讨论,应该考虑诊断为毛发红糠疹。毛发红糠疹属于丘疹鳞屑性皮肤病(西医皮肤病的一种分类方法),和银屑病属于同一类。
银屑病有典型的腊滴现象,薄膜现象,点状出血现象。该患者无此现象,而表现为暗红斑块,皮肤干燥,角化,其上有毛囊性角化性丘疹,细小鳞屑,掌趾受累,角化增厚明显,患者这些表现很典型,足以诊断毛发红糠疹。具有典型意义的是,大部分患者四肢伸侧(尤以第一、二指的背面)有较多角化性丘疹聚集。神经性皮炎不考虑,因为发病部位不对,不在掌趾部位。另外神经性皮炎的皮损应为苔藓样变,该患者为角化样变,不一样。
银屑病不考虑,因为银屑病皮损为绿豆至鸽蛋大小斑块,泛发,散在分布,部分可融合,有上述三联症(腊滴现象,薄膜现象,点状出血现象)。而该患者皮损融合成大片,且有角化,鳞屑细小,薄,不支持。西医在治疗方面系统治疗主要为维A酸类药物(阿维A胶囊)等,外用保湿,去角化剂(维A酸类等),激素等。
第二,是不是自愈性疾病,如果不用药会不会好,是不是恰好遇到了即将康复的时候?个人觉得既然持续18年之久,应该不是一个自愈性疾病。
第三,很多疾病,诊断得很清楚,却无法治疗,不如先放在一边,进行中医思维的考虑和治疗,只根据症状辨证,而不诊断病名。与其诊断清楚没办法,不如不搞清楚病名而认真思考治疗(只辨证不辨病)。当然希望,能诊断更好,但是,在不清楚病名的状态下,不妨先考虑判断患者的状态进行辨证治疗。
第四,无论怎样的疾病,都应该认真面对,严格的辨证论治,就会收到比较满意的疗效。
第五,做好每一个患者的记录,详细记录变化,如实客观地反映在病历里,并定期思考。
非洲患者的依从性很好,并且,受到地理环境的影响,赤道附近,多湿多热,皮肤病的患者着实不少。和当地人的皮肤结构,以及阴雨和暴晒有关,从这个角度出发,改变身体的内环境,清热除湿为主可以治疗很多皮肤病,然而本例患者常年疾病,早就有了瘀血的征象,活血化瘀,贯穿期间,可以更好地促进新生。
Traditional Chinese MedicineTreatment for Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris
Surname: S** E**
Sex: Female
Birth of date: May 1969
Nationality: Tanzania
Job: Not know, Dar es Salaam.
10th November 2009 attended TCM clinic of Muhimbili National Hospital for the first time.
Chief complaint: There are red and white breakouts desquamation continue attacks 18 years.
She complained that the red and white breakouts desquamation started 18 years ago. There are breakout desquamation on the skins of the both hands,both feet, both side of the bulk abdomen and the skins under the both breasts. The breakouts are white and light red, like scales of fish and snowflake. The different color with normal place. The first symptoms was pain, then the pain become to the serious itching. The breakout is projecture of the skin. It was worse badly if take a scratching. The sick areas become bigger and bigger. Patient feels very itching. It was worse in the morning and night. She had received many other treatment before, but the symptoms have persist still. Her appetite, urine and stool were normal.
Laboratory examination: It is normal
TCM examination:Tongue: The body of the tongue was normal. And red with white coating tongue.
Pulse: Huan (Like slide).
Diagnosis: Pityriasis rubra pilaris
A chronic skin disease characterized by small follicular papules, disseminated reddish-brown scaly patches, and often, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. The papules are about the size of a pin and topped by a horny plug.
TCM diagnosis: There is the bad bane of the wind, wet from the blood in the body and skin.
Therapy: Cool the blood, expelling wind and make detoxication.
Prescription: (1) Decoction of Four Drugs with slake wind.
Name of herb in Chinese | Name of herb in English | Name of herb in Latin | Pronounciation in TCM | Weight in gms |
生地黄 | Rehmannia Root | Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. | Shengdihuang | 20 |
当归 | Chinese Angelica | Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels | Danggui | 10 |
川芎 | Szechuan Lovage Rhizome | Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. | Chuanxiong | 10 |
赤芍 | Red Paeony Root | Paeonia lactiflora Pall. | Chishao | 20 |
荆芥 | Fineleaf Schizonepeta Herb | Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. | Jingjie | 10 |
防风 | Divaricate Saposhnikovia Root | Saposhnikovia divaricata(Turcz.)Schischk. | Fangfeng | 10 |
牡丹皮 | Tree Peony Bark | Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. | Mudanpi | 10 |
桑叶 | Mulberry Leaf | Morus alba L. | Sangye | |
蒲公英 | Mongolian Dandelion Herb | Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. | Pugongying | |
紫花地丁 | Philippine Violet Herb | Viola yedoensis Makino | Zihuadiding | |
生薏苡仁 | Coix Seed | Coix lacryma-jobi L.var.ma-yuen(Roman.)Stapf | Shengyiyiren | |
炒谷芽 | Rice-grain Sprout | Setaria italica(L.) Beauv. | Chaoguya |
6 doses given. 1 dose per day taken orally twice a day.
(2) WuYu Gao. External application.
Advice for the patient: Diet .Pay much attention to the food you take each time.
1.Take a king’s breakfast, having as many different kinds of food as you can; rich man’s lunch, having as much as you can; bagger’s dinner; that is taking as little as you can. The right time to have breakfast: 8:00a.m.; right time to have lunch: before 1:00p.m.; right time to have dinner: 7:00p.m.
2.More sports at day. Have at least 3 sports every week, lasting over 40 minutes.
3.Don’t drink alcohol and smoking.
Second visit: 17th November 2009
After that medicine, the symptoms get less and the patient feels better. The tongue and pulse were changed. The body of the tongue was normal. And red with white coating tongue. The pulse is Xian and Huan(Like chord and slide)There was not itching in the skin.
Continue that treatment therapy for 6 days. 6 doses given.
Third visit: 24th November 2009
After that medicine, the symptoms come back and the patient feels worse. The tongue and pulse were same to before.
Continue that treatment therapy for 6 days. Add the Fangfeng Tongsheng Wan 6 gram twice per day. 6 doses given.
Forth visit: 1st December 2009
After that medicine, the symptoms get less and the patient feels better.
Continue that treatment therapy.
Fifth visit: 11th December 2009
After that medicine, the symptoms got less and the patient felt better. The tongue and pulse were changed. The body of the tongue was normal. And red with white coating tongue. The pulse was Xian and Huan(Like chord and slide).There was not itching in the skin.
Continue that treatment therapy for 6 days. 6 doses given.
Sixth visit: 18th December 2009
After that medicine, the symptoms got less and the patient felt better. The tongue and pulse like before. The body of the tongue was normal. And red with white coating tongue.
Continue that treatment therapy for 6 days.
【本文选自《中医师海外行医日记》,人民卫生出版社,作者:李博。人卫中医编辑整理。